Expectation Scores Research Articles

Pediatric Outcomes Data Collection Instrument Scores Within Gross Motor Function Classification Scale Levels and Functional Mobility Scale Ratings in Individuals With Cerebral Palsy.

The Pediatric Outcomes Data Collection Instrument (PODCI) is a patient/parent-reported outcome measure used in children with cerebral palsy (CP). PODCI score variability has not been widely examined in patients of Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) level IV or using the Functional Mobility Scale (FMS). The purpose of this study is to examine the distribution of PODCI scores within patients with CP GMFCS levels I-IV and FMS levels 1-6. Retrospectively identified patients with CP whose parent/caregiver had completed the PODCI at their visit were grouped based on GMFCS and FMS level. One-way ANOVA with pairwise Bonferroni-adjusted post hoc tests was performed to compare the effect of GMFCS and FMS levels (1, 2-4, 5, or 6) on PODCI scores. Three hundred sixty-seven patients were included (128 female, 11.7 years, SD 3.6). Global, Sports, Transfer, and Upper Extremity scores differed among all GMFCS levels ( P ≤0.056) and were significantly lower for GMFCS IV compared with all other levels. Happiness, Expectations, and Pain scores did not differ significantly among GMFCS levels including level IV ( P >0.06). Similar trends were seen at all FMS distances (5, 50, and 500âm). At 50âm, Global, Sports, Transfer, and Upper Extremity scores differed significantly among all FMS levels ( P <0.001) except that Upper Extremity Scores were similar between levels 2-4 and level 5 ( P =1.00). Happiness and Pain scores were not different between FMS levels ( P >0.27). Expectations scores differed only between FMS 1 and FMS 6 with FMS 6 being higher at the 50-m distance only ( P =0.03). Parent-reported outcome measures are important for providing patient-centered care. Providers can examine these measures alongside functional classification systems to create a more complete clinical picture of the patient. Providers should be aware of the score trends seen in our results when evaluating the PODCI for individuals with CP to improve shared decision-making and better monitor their need for future care. Level III-retrospective study.

Determination of nurses’ happiness, hope, future expectations, and the factors influencing them: a descriptive study that can guide policy development to prevent nurse migration*

BackgroundThe happiness and hopefulness of nurses are not only known that contribute to their emotional well-being but also professional creativity, improve the quality of nursing services and organizational performance. Therefore, knowing which factors affect nurses’ mental well-being and future expectations can provide information for nursing workforce planning policies. This study was conducted to determination of Nurses’ happiness, hope, and future expectations and the factors influencing them.Method326 nurses from 52 provinces of Turkey participated in this descriptive study. The data collection instruments included a Demographic Characteristics Form and questions from the Turkish Statistical Institute’s Life Satisfaction Survey to assess overall happiness, hope, and expectation levels. The study data was collected using an e-survey prepared through Google Forms in line with the principle of voluntarism. In the study adhered to the EQUATOR checklist for descriptive studies.ResultsThe average scores for overall happiness, hope, and future expectations among the participating nurses were found to be 2.34 ± 0.98, 2.22 ± 0.95, and 1.26 ± 0.54, respectively. It was determined that the levels of happiness, hope, and future expectations of nurses are influenced by satisfaction with income, income’s ability to meet needs, and personal development over the last five years.ConclusionThe study concluded that the overall happiness and hope levels of nurses are low, while their future expectations are at a moderate level. Satisfaction with income affects the happiness and hope levels of nurses. Three quarters of the nurses participating in the study want to work abroad. This situation may lead to a need for qualified nurses in the future.

Parent-Child Associations in COVID-19–Related Preventive Behaviors and Efficacy Expectations: A One-Year Longitudinal Survey

PurposeIt is necessary to identify the variables that explain the variance in preventive behaviors against COVID-19 to increase adolescents’ engagement in these behaviors. We focused on efficacy expectations of preventive behaviors and their associations within families. This study examined the associations between efficacy expectations and preventive behaviors, and between adolescents and their parents in terms of efficacy expectations and preventive behaviors. MethodsA cross-lagged panel model was employed to analyze 281 parent-child pairs consisting of 245 children (118 girls, mean age = 17.4 years), 277 mothers (median age = 49.3 years), and 211 fathers (median age = 51.5 years). Participants completed the Prevention of COVID-19 Infection Scale at baseline (October 2020 to April 2021) and one-year follow-up to assess efficacy expectations and preventive behaviors for sanitization, contact, and hoarding factors. ResultsEfficacy expectations of preventive behaviors at baseline were positively associated with preventive behaviors at one-year follow-up regarding the sanitization and contact factors. Additionally, for parents, efficacy expectations of preventive behaviors at baseline were positively associated with subsequent preventive behaviors regarding the hoarding factor. Parental efficacy expectation scores for contact at baseline were positively associated with their children’s scores at one-year follow-up. DiscussionThe findings highlight the association between parental efficacy expectations at an initial time point and adolescents’ efficacy expectations at one-year follow-up toward COVID-19 preventive measures, particularly contact-related behaviors. These insights can inform public health interventions targeting individual expectations and parental involvement to promote effective preventive practices during future health crises.

Nursing students’ motivation for choosing a career in geriatric nursing: A cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT With the world’s population aging, geriatric care is more important than ever before. However, many studies have shown that nursing students are less likely to choose geriatric nursing as career than other nursing fields. Nursing students play a vital role in the development of geriatric nursing. Thus, this study aimed to explore the current situation of nursing students’ career choice motivation in geriatric nursing and to analyze the influencing factors. A cross-sectional survey was conducted. This study was performed from March 2021 to September 2022 among nursing students from four universities in Shandong Province, China. Data on nursing students’ attitudes toward geriatric, aging anxiety, knowledge about aging, and career choice motivation were collected through questionnaires, and analyzed by ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and multiple linear regression. A total of 1007 questionnaires were collected. Nursing students’ career expectancy score for geriatric nursing was 19.06 ± 4.00 and the value score was 46.65 ± 7.50. The study revealed that gender, education level, taking geriatric care courses, experience in caring for older adults, believing in bright prospects for geriatric care, geriatric attitudes, and aging anxiety were critical factors that influenced nursing students’ motivation in choosing a career in geriatric nursing. Nursing students’ motivation to choose a career in geriatric care needs to be improved in China. Nursing educators should take interventions to actively guide students and promote the cultivation of geriatric nursing talent.

Functional outcome of direct anterior versus posterior approach in total hip arthroplasty: a propensity-matched Asian study.

The direct anterior approach (DAA) to total hip arthroplasty (THA) is a surgical approach that minimises soft tissue trauma, resulting in faster rehabilitation when compared to a posterior approach (PA). This study aimed to evaluate the difference between the two groups in an Asian cohort using propensity score matching. A retrospective review of prospectively collected registry data of 794 primary THAs was performed. The effects on patients with DAA THA versus patients with PA THA were investigated. Propensity scores were generated using logistic regression to adjust for confounding variables of age, gender, body mass index and diagnosis. Data analysis was performed, and statistical significance was defined as a P value < 0.05. The average length of stay (LOS) for the PA group and DAA group was 5.4 days and 2.9 days, respectively (P < 0.001). One (1.9%) patient from the PA group suffered a posterior dislocation 6 months after surgery and subsequently underwent revision surgery 2 years later. No dislocations were detected in the DAA group. The DAA group had better functional outcome, satisfaction and expectation scores at 6 months and 2 years. In this study, patients who underwent DAA THA had better functional outcome at 2 years and almost 2 days shorter overall LOS than those who underwent PA THA. Therefore, the DAA to THA is a novel technique that has shown improved functional outcomes, with fewer complications compared to PA THA.

Challenges and supports for secondary science and mathematics teacher retention

AbstractMore research related to effective ways to support and retain teachers in the teaching profession is necessary as the need for science and mathematics teachers continues to grow. Understanding how teachers perceive challenges and experience support early in their career can contribute to building environments which foster teacher retention. This mixed‐method study explored the influences on the self‐efficacy and career satisfaction of a group of 21 early‐career (2–6 years of classroom experience) secondary science and mathematics teachers who participated in a traditional university preparation program and scholarship program to prepare them for teaching in high‐need school districts. Using data from an efficacy survey and semistructured interviews, this study measured changes in teacher efficacy and described teacher leadership experiences, perceived teaching challenges, and valued supports. Results found no change in teachers' self‐efficacy scores although mean outcome expectancy scores decreased. Teachers' identification as a teacher leader was correlated with science or mathematics teaching self‐efficacy. Qualitative coding of the interviews revealed ways in which assessments, workload, school structures and polices, administration, students, and teacher community either contributed to teachers reported difficulties or supported them as early‐career teachers. The discussion offers suggestions for ways to increase secondary science and mathematics teachers' job satisfaction.

Exploring social connectedness, isolation, support, and recovery factors among women seeking substance use treatment

ABSTRACT This cross-sectional study examined the relationship between social variables, recovery orientation, and recovery capital among a sample of n = 30 women actively seeking substance use disorder treatment at a community-based facility in the Midwest United States. Results indicated a positive association between social connectedness, abstinence recovery orientation (p = .048) and social isolation (p = .010). Social isolation was positively associated with abstinence recovery orientation (p = .004) and negatively related to recovery capital (p = .003). Social support was positively correlated with positive expectancy (p = .030) and recovery capital (p = .033). Further, moderate/high alcohol use was related to lower normal living scores (t(28) = 3.10, p = .004), lower recovery capital scores (t(28) = 4.15, p < .000), and higher social isolation scores (t(28) = -2.53, p = .017). Screening at moderate/high risk for cannabis use was related to lower normal living scores (t(28) = 3.01, p = .005), and lower positive expectancy scores (t(28) = 3.03, p = .005). Finally, screening for moderate/high risk for polysubstance use was related to lower normal living orientation (t(28) = 2.52, p = .018) and recovery capital scores (t(28) = 2.79, p = .009). Current findings may inform strategies for examining social connectedness and social isolation variables in future clinical practice, policy, and scholarship.

Perceptions and Satisfaction of the Relatives of Intensive Care Unit Patients Regarding the Role of Nurses

Purpose: This study was carried out to determine theperceptions and satisfaction of the relatives ofintensive care unit patients regarding the role of nurses.Materials and Methods: The sample of the studyconsisted of 154 patients’ relatives in the intensive careunits of a University hospital between July andOctober 2019. The Family's Perception of the Role ofNurses scale and Intensive Care Unit SatisfactionScale was used for data collection.Results: The mean total expectation score of thepatients' relatives was 3.760.80 and the mean totalscore of nursing practices was 3.660.80. Theintensive care satisfaction score of patient relativeswas determined as 68,1220,83. There was a significant positive correlation between nursingpractices and care satisfaction, decision-makingsatisfaction, information satisfaction, and ICUsatisfaction.Conclusions: Patient relatives' behavioral roleexpectations from nurses and perceived role enactmentscore were above the average and there was astatistically significant difference between them. Theintensive care satisfaction levels of the patient relativeswere above average and there was a significant,positive, and high-level relationship between theperception of nursing practices and intensive caresatisfaction.

The Effect of Educational Religious Intervention on Improving Life Expectancy in Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

Background and Purpose: The main problem of cancer patients is the feeling of despair and hopelessness. Religious beliefs can boost the morale of cancer patients. This study aimed to determine the effect of religious interventions on life expectancy in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Materials and Methods: The present clinical trial study was conducted on 128 patients with cancer undergoing chemotherapy referred to the oncology unit of a teaching hospital in Khorramabad, Iran. After selecting the sample size, the patients were randomly divided into intervention and control groups. In addition to routine care, religious intervention sessions were performed for the intervention group, and the control group received only routine care. For the intervention group, training sessions focused on trust in God, good morals, patience, gratitude, and remembrance of God. After 3 weeks and 6 sessions (after finishing the sessions), the post-test was done. Data collection tools were the demographic and Miller’s standard life expectancy questionnaires. Analysis of covariance was used to compare life expectancy after the intervention. SPSS software, version 23 was employed for data analysis. A significance level of 0.05 was considered for all tests. Results: There were 64 men and 64 women in both groups. Also, 111 people were married in both groups. The most frequent cancer seen in both intervention and control groups was gastric cancer (n=37). The mean life expectancy scores of the experimental and control groups before the intervention were not statistically significant (P&lt;0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in life expectancy scores before and after the intervention in the experimental group (P&lt;0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in life expectancy scores after the intervention in the experimental and control groups (P=0.000). Conclusion: Religious intervention increases the life expectancy of cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Medical staff, especially nurses, can, along with other routine care, guide patients undergoing chemotherapy to spirituality and help them accept the disease and its complications better.

고등학교 유형별 상담경험 유무와 마음챙김 수준에 따른 학교상담기대의 차이

The purpose of this study was to find out what differences there are in school counseling expectations depending on the presence or absence of counseling experience and mindfulness level of students by type of high school. For this purpose, 492 students(246 general high school students, 246 specialized high school students) in J City were surveyed using the Mindfulness Scale and Counseling Expectations Questionnaire, and the major findings are as follows. First, there was no significant difference in school counseling expectations, but there was a significant difference in mindfulness according to counseling experience. Second, the mindfulness of the group without counseling experience was significantly higher than that of the group with counseling experience for both general and specialized high school students. Third, in the case of general high school students, students with high levels of mindfulness showed significantly higher scores in the total score and all sub-factor scores of school counseling expectations than students with low levels of mindfulness, whereas students in specialized high schools showed significantly higher scores in the total score of school counseling expectations as well as acceptability, confrontation, directiveness, and truthfulness, nurturing, professionalism, and concreteness subfactors. Fourth, in the case of general high school students, regardless of whether or not they had counseling experience, students with a high level of mindfulness were found to be significantly higher in the total score and all sub-factor scores of school counseling expectations than those with a low level of mindfulness. On the other hand, for students at specialized high schools, there was no significant difference between students with high and low levels of mindfulness in the total school counseling expectation score and all sub-factor scores, regardless of whether or not they had counseling experience. These findings can be used as basic data to develop measures to improve mindfulness and improve school counseling expectations depending on the type of school.

Effects and acceptability of virtual reality to facilitate mindfulness practice in university students

AbstractMindfulness practices have proven to be effective for improving the mental health of many populations, including university students. However, these practices can be challenging for naive meditators. Virtual reality (VR) can create virtual scenarios that facilitate the practice of mindfulness. This study presents secondary data from a randomized controlled trial on the effects and acceptability of mindfulness-based VR environments conducted with a sample of university students. Specifically, it involved a single condition (n = 93) receiving an intervention that comprised six short mindfulness sessions in VR. Measurements were taken of participants’ state mindfulness and emotional state immediately before and after the implementation of each VR environment. Sense of presence was measured subsequent to each VR environment. Furthermore, participants were asked to rate their expectations for at baseline and satisfaction with the experience after the intervention. Participants significantly improved both state mindfulness and emotional states, and they reported a moderate-to-strong sense of presence in each of the VR environments. Moreover, participants reported high expectation and satisfaction scores for the intervention. This study shows the potential of VR in mindfulness, although there is a need for more research in this area and, in particular, more sophisticated trial designs.

Short-term clinical results of bicruciate-retaining total knee arthroplasty using personalized alignment

BackgroundBicruciate-retaining (BCR) prosthesis has been introduced to recreate normal knee movement by preserving both the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments. However, the use of BCR total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is still debatable because of several disappointing reports. We have been performing BCR TKAs with personalized alignment (PA). This study aimed to reveal the limb alignment and soft tissue balance of FA-BCR TKAs and compare the clinical outcomes of FA-BCR TKAs with those of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA).MethodsFifty BCR TKAs and 58 UKAs were included in this study. The joint component gaps of BCR TKA were evaluated intraoperatively and the postoperative hip–knee–ankle (HKA) angle, medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA), and lateral distal femoral angle (LDFA) were measured using full-length standing radiography. The short-term clinical outcomes of BCR TKAs were compared with those of UKA using the scoring system of 2011 Knee Society Scoring (KSS) and the knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score (KOOS) at an average of 2 years postoperatively (1-4yeras).ResultsThe coronal alignment values of PA-BCR TKA were as follows: HKA angle, 177.9° ± 2.3°; MPTA, 85.4° ± 1.9°; and LDFA, 87.5° ± 1.9°. The joint component gaps at flexion angles of 10°, 30°, 60°, and 90° were 11.1 ± 1.2, 10.9 ± 1.4, 10.7 ± 1.3, and 11.2 ± 1.4 mm for the medial compartment and 12.9 ± 1.5, 12.6 ± 1.8, 12.5 ± 1.8 and 12.5 ± 1.7 mm for the lateral compartment, respectively. The patient expectation score and maximum extension angle of PA-BCR TKA were significantly better than those of UKAs.ConclusionsThe short-term clinical outcomes of PA-BCR TKA were comparable or a slightly superior to those of UKAs.

Lateral Laxity in Flexion Influences Patient-Reported Outcome After Total Knee Arthroplasty

IntroductionSlight lateral laxity exists in normal knee especially in flexion. The lateral laxity in flexion has possibility to affect the outcome after total knee arthroplasty (TKA).PurposeThe purpose of this study was to determine how intraoperative laxity in flexion affects patient-reported outcome after total knee arthroplasty.MethodsWe retrospectively analysed 98 knees with osteoarthritis that underwent total knee arthroplasty. After bone resection, ligament imbalance and joint component gaps were measured using an offset-type tensor while applying a 40-lb joint distraction force at 0° and 90° of knee flexion. The lateral laxity in flexion was determined by subtracting polyethylene insert thickness from the lateral gap at 90°. All patients were divided into three groups: ≤ 2 mm (A), 2–5 mm (B), and > 5 mm (C). One year after surgery, patients were asked to fill out questionnaires using the new Knee Society Score after examination outside the consultation room.ResultsThe mean intraoperative lateral laxities at 90° were − 0.2 ± 2.1 mm, 3.5 ± 0.7 mm, and 6.7 ± 1.9 mm in groups A, B, and C, respectively. The symptom score of group C was significantly lower than those of groups A or B. There were no significant differences in terms of satisfaction or the expectation and activity scores among all groups. There were no significant differences in terms of alignment after total knee arthroplasty among all groups.ConclusionsExcessive lateral laxity possibly resulted in worse patient-reported outcomes. However, slight lateral laxity of 2–5 mm might have no effect on patient-reported outcome and this slight varus imbalance could be acceptable. Altogether, our findings would lead to avoidance of excessive medial release in soft tissue balancing.

Pilot study to evaluate control of nausea and vomiting in patients with esophageal cancer (EC) receiving concomitant chemoradiotherapy (cCRT).

291 Background: The standard treatment for patients with locally advanced EC is cCRT +/- surgery. Chemotherapy and radiation both attribute to nausea and vomiting and pose significant challenges to patients’ compliance with the treatment. We conducted a pilot study to evaluate their level of control during cCRT. Methods: Weekly surveys were administered during cCRT for first consecutive 5 weeks. Scores scale range was 1-10 to assess nausea and vomiting and related risk factors. Analyses was performed using SPSS v26.0. Wilcoxson test was used to compare medians of pairs and Friedman’s test to compare medians of groups. Results: We had 28 evaluable patients. Majority were males (M=25 vs F=3), median age 64.1 years (range 44-80 yrs.) and ethnicity was Caucasian at 89.29% (n=25). Scores for ‘expect to experience nausea and vomiting’ were below 5 (1=do not expect), medians: 4.00 (SD 2.136), 4.00 (SD 1.939), 3.00 (SD 2.408), 3.50 (SD 2.505) and 4.00 (SD 2.801) for weeks 1 (baseline), 2, 3, 4 and 5, respectively. Significant improvement in the ‘expectation scores’ between weeks 3 and 4 (p=0.022) and baseline to week 5 (p=0.049). Scores for ‘nausea and vomiting control’ vs prior week were also in the lower range (1= better control) indicating good overall control (highest median score 3.00 [SD 2.580] in week 4). ‘Acid reflux episodes’ median scores were on lower range (1=I have episodes very frequently) through all weeks without significant change. On the other hand, ‘acid reflux control’ showed significant improvement in median scores: 2.50 (SD 2.44), 2.00 (SD 2.76), 3.00 (SD 2.40), 2.00 (SD 2.43) and 1.00 (SD 1.81) (p=0.020). ‘Anxiety levels’ scores were highest on baseline (median 3.00 SD 2.299, p=0.022) then deescalated through subsequent weeks (2.00, 1.00, 2.00 &amp; 1.00 at weeks 2, 3, 4 and 5, respectively), p=NS. Conclusions: During cCRT, EC patients demonstrated significant anxiety at baseline, likely due to ‘perceived expectations. Acid reflux control peaks as an important component of treatment strategy for clinicians during cCRT. This suggests that focused control of these symptoms may improve nausea and vomiting control and treatment compliance.

Feasibility and Implementation Determinants of a Structured Goal Setting and Goal Management System.

There is no evidence-based system to guide occupational therapists in implementing theory-based, client-engaged goal setting and goal management. A new system is needed to support high-quality goal setting and goal management. To determine the acceptability, appropriateness, feasibility, credibility, and expectancy of a new structured theory-based, client-engaged goal setting and goal management system, called MyGoals, for occupational therapists. We explored MyGoals' implementation determinants, potential positive outcomes, and comparative advantages. This was a mixed-methods feasibility study. Community. Occupational therapists (N = 7). Acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility were assessed using the Acceptability of Intervention Measure (AIM), Intervention Appropriateness Measure (IAM), and Feasibility of Intervention Measure (FIM). Credibility and expectancy were assessed with the Credibility and Expectancy Questionnaire (CEQ). Semistructured 1:1 interviews were conducted to explore occupational therapy perspectives on MyGoals and its implementation-related factors. MyGoals had high AIM (M = 18.1, SD = 1.9), IAM (M = 17.9, SD = 2.2), FIM (M = 17.3, SD = 2.1) scores and high CEQ Credibility (M = 22.1, SD = 5.0) and Expectancy (M = 20.6, SD = 4.3) scores. Interview data revealed suggestions to improve MyGoals, implementation determinants across the individuals involved, inner setting, and intervention characteristic domains, client- and clinician-related potential positive outcomes, and comparative advantages. MyGoals is an acceptable, appropriate, feasible, credible, and promising system to guide occupational therapists in implementing theory-based, client-engaged goal setting and goal management for adults with chronic conditions in community-based rehabilitation. What This Article Adds: MyGoals is an easy-to-use, appealing, and helpful system to support occupational therapists in delivering theory-based goal setting and goal management components and to enable adults with chronic conditions to actively engage in their rehabilitation. This study supports the usefulness of MyGoals in community-based rehabilitation to improve goal setting and goal management quality and personally meaningful rehabilitation goal achievement in this population.

Predictors of international Muslim medical tourists' expectations on halal-friendly healthcare services: A hospital-based study.

Halal-friendly healthcare services have emerged as an important sector of the overall healthcare service delivery system. This study aimed to examine levels and determinants of expectations on halal-friendly healthcare services from the Muslim medical tourists' perspective. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in four cities, seventeen hospitals, across Iran, with a sample of 365 international Muslim medical tourists. Mean expectation score of the respondents was 3.95 ± 1.43. Being in the 25-34 age group (aOR = 2.65; CI 95%: 2.14-3.16), being married (aOR = 2.09; CI 95%: 1.46-2.72), having completed secondary education (aOR = 2.14; CI 95%: 1.26-3.02), belonging to a high-income socioeconomic background (aOR = 1.69; CI 95%: 1.06-2.33), coming from Iraq (aOR = 3.08; CI 95%: 2.12-4.04), being Shia (aOR = 2.83; CI 95%: 2.00-3.67), receiving information by recommendation as a source for travel decision (aOR = 3.02; CI 95%: 1.82-4.22), traveling with family or relatives (aOR=2.16; CI 95%: 1.42-2.90), receiving medical service of cosmetic surgery (aOR = 1.57; CI 95%: 1.22-1.92) and cardiovascular therapy (aOR = 2.33; CI 95%: 1.23-3.43), and traveling one or two times in the past (aOR = 2.33; CI 95%: 1.00-3.66) significantly increased the expectations on halal-friendly healthcare services. This study will represent an important contribution to the literature concerned with the levels and drivers of expectations on halal-friendly healthcare services.

Wound Infection After Ileostomy Closure: An Interim Analysis of a Prospective Randomized Study Comparing Primary Versus Circumferential Subcuticular Closure Techniques.

Background: Circumferential subcuticular wound approximation (CSWA) of round shaped skin wounds after ileostomy take down is believed to lower the rates of surgical site infection (SSI). We performed this randomized trial to compare the rates of SSI and other short-term outcomes among primary linear skin closure (PC) and CSWA groups of patients. Patients and Methods: All patients undergoing ileostomy reversal during the study period were randomly assigned to either PC or CSWA. The primary outcome was the incidence of SSI as assessed by ASEPSIS scoring system. The secondary outcomes included healing time, length of post-operative hospital stay, and patients' satisfaction regarding cosmetic outcome, expectations, pain, time of healing, wound care, and activity on a five-point Likert scale. Results: Thirty-one patients (PC = 15; CSWA = 16) underwent ileostomy reversal during the study period. There was no SSI in the PC group whereas three patients developed SSI in the CSWA group but the result was not statistically significant (p = 0.23). The scores for time of healing (p < 0.001), wound care (p = 0.007), and activity (p < 0.001) were significantly better for PC compared with CSWA whereas there was no significant difference in the scores for cosmetic outcome, expectations, and pain. Healing time was shorter in the PC group (6.7 vs. 34.2 days; p < 0.001) whereas the post-operative length of stay was comparable (6.3 vs. 7 days; p = 0.27). Conclusions: Although there was no difference in the incidence of SSI among the two groups, the PC group fared better in terms of mean time to healing and requirement of wound care.

Acceptability and Feasibility of Online Support Groups for Mental Health Promotion in Brazilian Graduate Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Longitudinal Observational Study.

The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 aggravated already existing difficulties and added new challenges for students. Owing to the gap between needed and available psychological services, group interventions may offer a helpful strategy for student mental health promotion. This study aimed to investigate the acceptability and feasibility of a 4-week online support group program designed for mental health promotion tailored to graduate students at a Brazilian public university in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic (May 2022 to June 2022). Participants in the program took part in online support groups based on a pilot group facilitated by a trained clinical psychologist. Self-administered, standardized web-based questionnaires were assessed at the baseline (T0; before the intervention), postintervention (T2), and follow-up (T3; after 4-6 weeks) time points. We measured sociodemographic variables, treatment credibility and expectancy (Credibility and Expectancy Questionnaire), satisfaction (Client Satisfaction Questionnaire), negative effects of the intervention (Negative Effects Questionnaire), depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 [PHQ-9]), and participants' quality of life (abbreviated World Health Organization Quality of Life assessment). A 9-answer option questionnaire and open-ended questions also assessed the group's perceived positive and negative outcomes. The total sample comprised 32 participants. Most (23/32, 72%) were doctoral students. Credibility and expectancy scores were high. Participants' satisfaction (Client Satisfaction Questionnaire) with the program was high at the postintervention (T2) and follow-up (T3) evaluations (T2: mean 28.66, SD 3.02; T3: mean 27.91, SD 3.02). Most participants reported that they could learn from other participants' experiences (T2: 29/32, 91%; T3: 27/32, 84%) and felt encouraged to take better care of themselves (T2: 22/32, 69%; T3: 24/32, 75%). None of the participants reported that they had no benefits from the program. The PHQ-9 scores showed mild to moderate depressive symptoms (mean 9.59, SD 6.34), whereas the answers of 9% (3/32) of the participants to the PHQ-9 item 9 indicated suicidality at baseline (T0). Finally, the 4 domains of quality of life (physical: P=.01; psychological: P=.004; social: P=.02; and environmental: P<.001) showed a slight and statistically significant improvement at the postintervention evaluation (T0: mean 57.03, SD 15.39 to 59.64, SD 17.21; T2: mean 64.32, SD 11.97 to 68.75, SD 8.87). Online support groups for the mental health promotion of graduate students are feasible and can be especially useful for universities with students allocated to different cities. They are also satisfactory and may positively influence participants' quality of life. Therefore, they can be considered a helpful mental health promotion strategy in the educational context. Further studies could evaluate these (or similar) programs under nonpandemic circumstances.

Patient expectations impact patient-reported outcomes and satisfaction after lumbar fusion

BACKGROUND CONTEXTPrior studies suggest that patient expectations impact postoperative patient-reported outcomes (PROMs). However, no consensus exists on an appropriate expectations tool. PURPOSETo examine the impact of patient expectations using a modified version of the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) on clinical outcomes and patient satisfaction 1 year after lumbar fusion for degenerative pathologies. STUDY DESIGNProspective longitudinal cohort. PATIENT SAMPLEAdults undergoing 1 to 2 level lumbar fusion were identified from four tertiaty spine centers. OUTCOME MEASURESODI, EuroQol-5D, Numeric rating scales for back and leg pain. METHODSPreoperatively, patients completed the ODI, as well as a modified ODI reflecting their expected improvement across the 10 ODI items. For example, item 1 in the ODI asks about Pain Intensity at the moment whereas the Expectations ODI asks “One year after surgery, I expect to have…” The difference between this modified ODI score and the baseline ODI score (Baseine ODI minus Expectations ODI) was defined as the Patient Expectation Score. Patients were stratified into tertiles based on their Expectations score into High (HE), Moderate (ME), and Low (LE) Expectations and compared. RESULTSThere were 30 patients in the HE, 35 in the ME, and 26 in the LE Group, with similar demographics and surgical parameters. Patients in the HE group had worse ODI scores preoperatively (54.96 vs 41.42, p<.001) and were expecting a greater improvement in ODI (43.8 vs 13.5, p<.001). There were fewer patients in the HE group (13, 43%) who reported that they were satisfied with the results compared to either the ME (20, 71%) or LE group (22, 85%, p=.041) despite having similar ODI scores and change in ODI scores 1 year postoperatively. CONCLUSIONAn expectations tool, linked to a disease-specific measure may provide the clinician with a practical method of assessing a patient's expectation of results after treatment and aid in the shared decision-making during the preoperative surgical process.

Development and Validation of the Sources of Research Self-Efficacy Scale

Research self-efficacy is a key component of college students’ career development. This study’s purpose was to develop and begin to construct a validity argument for scores from the Sources of Research Self-Efficacy (SRSE) scale in college students. We explored validity evidence for SRSE scores from 719 undergraduate and graduate students based on test content, response processes, internal structure, relations to related variables, and consequences of testing. We present evidence from our development process for test content and response processes. Our statistical analyses suggest that a 20-item four-factor model is appropriate, with subscales representing Mastery Experiences, Vicarious Experiences, Social Persuasion, and Negative Emotional States. Subscale scores showed good internal consistency and correlated with both global research self-efficacy and research outcome expectancy scores. The SRSE shows promise as a measure of the various learning experiences that lead to students’ research self-efficacy in university settings.