Vehicle Exhaust System Research Articles

Retraction Note: Study on optimization of vehicle exhaust system noise and hook position based on multi-source experimental data analysis

Retraction Note: Study on optimization of vehicle exhaust system noise and hook position based on multi-source experimental data analysis

Utilization and Experimental Use of Stainless Steel Metal Scrap Machinery Waste, St-40 Iron, Copper and Aluminum to Reduce Co, Hc, Co2 Elements in Vehicle Exhaust

Air pollution due to motor vehicle exhaust emissions is increased. Polluted air harms human health dan the environment. Consequently, it is essential to make a sustained effort to reduce air pollution. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of adding aluminum scrap to the exhaust system of a motor vehicle on gas emissions composition. The motor vehicle exhaust system was modified to accommodate aluminum scrap placement. A gas analyzer was utilized to observe exhaust gas composition, such as carbon dioxide, hydrocarbon, and carbon monoxide. Aluminum scrap with different masses was wrapped around the exhaust's inner tube in 50 gr, 70 gr and 90 gr. The engine speed was maintained at 500 rpm throughout the testing process. It was found that the temperature of the outer exhaust tube is in a range of 40 degrees Celsius to 50 degrees Celsius. The results revealed that the most appropriate amount of aluminum scrap was 90 gr n to reduce carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon, and carbon dioxide in an exhausts gas. The surprising outcome was 76.78 % of carbon monoxide content declined, and furthermore hydrocarbon, and carbon dioxide content were deteriorated by 61.63% and 78.37%, respectively.

Experimental Analysis of Diesel Engine Performance and Emissions with the Integration of Cyclonic Separator Device

The high population density and demographic dynamics have triggered a boom in the uptake of larger and more fuel-efficient diesel goods vehicles because diesel is cheaper than gasoline. Nevertheless, availability of diesel engines has lead to an increase of pollution especially in the urban area. This research examines whether a cyclonic separator which is an attachment device mounted on the vehicle exhaust system can sufficiently reduce particulate emissions from diesel engines. Thanks, the cyclonic separator is used to gather particles of size from 1μm to 50μm, to control the emission of diesel exhaust pollutants. Although we find that the utilization of the device decreases the pollution emission, our study shows that the installation of the device causes backpressure leading to a marginal reduction in thermal efficiency of between 0.8% to 1.01%. Nevertheless, the cyclonic separator can be considered one of the possible means to solve the problem of reduction of emissions of diesel engines and protect urban environment from pollution.

Selection of a Particulate Filter for a Gasoline-Powered Vehicle Engine in Static and Dynamic Conditions

Current challenges in terms of exhaust emission limits are related to the reduction of the particle numbers in spark ignition direct injection engines. The article concerns the analysis of the thermodynamic parameters of engine operation, allowing the selection of the particulate filter configuration and its technical parameters. The designed system consisting of an internal combustion engine and an exhaust system with an exhaust gas treatment system should be sufficient to meet ecological requirements in the form of reducing particulate matter emissions. The analysis of particulate matter emissions for the system without a filter and with a filter installed in the engine exhaust system was carried out for the mass, number and dimensional distribution of particulate matter. The result was an assessment of filtration efficiency for the entire spectrum of particulate diameters in the identified engine operating ranges. As a result, it was found that the particulate filter used in the engine exhaust system effectively reduces the particle number due to the greater filtration efficiency of large particles. The summary of the work related to the analysis of the ecological parameters of a spark ignition engine with direct fuel injection was a simulation of road tests of a vehicle with the proposed modified vehicle exhaust system equipped with a particulate filter. For this configuration, the analysis of particulate number emissions in the parameterized engine operating areas showed that it is possible to meet the particulate number emission limits, and the obtained road emission results are fully acceptable in terms of the obtained absolute values.

Analyzing Transition Metal Catalytic Converter Impact on Four-Stroke Motorcycle Fuel Consumption

Increased exhaust emissions from motor vehicles have become a major concern in efforts to reduce air pollution. One developed solution is the use of transition metallic catalytic converter (TMCC) technology in vehicle exhaust systems. This study aims to compare the fuel consumption efficiency of three types of exhaust systems, namely standard exhaust without a catalyst (STD WC), the standard exhaust with Original Equipment Manufacturer catalyst (STD OEM), and an exhaust system equipped with a Copper-Coated Chrome Metallic Catalytic Converter (TMCC CuCr). The data analysis method employed a quantitative approach by collecting fuel consumption data at each rpm and analyzing the mean and standard deviation. The research findings indicate that STD OEM has a lower average fuel consumption (0.80 liters per hour) and smaller standard deviation (0.06) compared to TMCC CuCr (0.83 liters per hour and 0.07). Although TMCC CuCr demonstrates good efficiency, STD OEM remains the best choice in terms of fuel efficiency. However, if the differences in fuel consumption and standard deviation are considered insignificant, TMCC CuCr could be a more economical alternative with its affordable price and greater material availability. Furthermore, its fuel consumption performance is not significantly different from that of STD OEM.

Experimental determination on cleaning the exhaust gas of an automobile muffler by an electric pulse

Nowadays, creating an environmentally reliable car by reducing the volume of harmful gases in it is a global problem of mankind. For this reason, one of the main areas of research is to improve the exhaust gas cleaning system of internal combustion engines. However, to date, there are no universal designs that would improve the performance of the purification system. In this regard, the development of new vehicle exhaust system designs based on an effective cleaning method is an urgent task. The article highlights the results of scientific and experimental research of the authors on the development of new designs of automobile exhaust muffler working on the basis of the method of electro-pulsed cleaning, designed to reduce the concentration of harmful exhaust gases. The developed experimental installation of the electric-pulse muffler performs gas purification by feeding an electric shock discharge to the electrodes installed in the muffler. The experimental data obtained show changes in the gas transparency depending on changes in the distance between the electrodes. Regression-correlation analysis established empirical dependences of gas transparency values on changes in the distance between the electrodes.

Acoustic performance analysis of muffler by varying sound absorption materials

Noise is an unwanted sound which is greatly affecting the human health over the years. The high pressure gases coming out from the exhaust system of automotive vehicle is one such unwanted noise, which is increasing drastically. This lead to increase in health issue and looking into it, various legislative bodies have set limitation on the overall sound level coming from the exhaust system. Muffler is one such device which is used for reducing this exhaust system noise. These mufflers are composed of different acoustic elements such as perforated tube, baffles, sound absorption materials etc. Hybrid muffler is one such muffler which is composed of baffles, uniform tube, and sound absorption materials which dissipates the high pressure gases. In this study, the acoustic performance of hybrid muffler is obtained by implementing different grades of sound absorption materials such as Glasswool, rockwool, melamine etc. Pressure acoustic frequency domain analysis was performed for these mufflers to determine the acoustic performance parameters i.e. transmission loss and sound pressure level using Comsol Multiphysics. The maximum transmission loss value was obtained for the muffler, when Glasswool 701 with flow resistivity of 14000 Pa.s/m2 was used as the sound absorption material. The results obtained through this analysis was validated through experiment performed in impedance tube setup This hybrid muffler helped in reducing maximum exhaust system noise and the overall sound pressure level also decreased at the outlet of the hybrid muffler.

Effects of Fuel and Diesel Particulate Filter on Exhaust Gases Emissions using Ricardo WAVE

Up to one-third of the light mobility vehicles and a considerable amount of heavy mobility vehicles such as trucks utilize engines powered by diesel fuel. Historically and presently, diesel fuel emits more pollutants on combustion than its counterpart, petrol, hence the new emission norms introduced by the governing body hopes to reduce the pollutants generated by these vehicles. The most notable addition to the newly adopted BS6 emissions norms is the addition of a Diesel Particulate Filter to the exhaust system of diesel engine vehicles which aims to cut down on harmful emissions such as NOx, CO and unburnt HC. An unconventional method to reduce emissions is to use biofuel and biodiesel as an alternative to conventional diesel to reduce harmful emissions. This present work will analyse and compare the effect of a DPF and biofuel on exhaust gas emissions. The Kirloskar TV-1 engine model was used for the analysis was produced on Ricardo WAVE and the engine model was validated with experimentally measured data for the same engine in [13]. The addition of a DPF reduced CO, HC and NOx emissions by an average of 10.2%, 14.8% and 63.4% respectively compared to emissions with the use of an unfiltered exhaust. The simulation results showed that an increase in biofuel concentration by 5% in the biodiesel (B5 to B20), reduced the CO by 4.2%, and increased NOx emissions by 3.2% while having identical brake thermal efficiency under ideal combustion conditions. The decrease in HC emissions was minuscule which change in biofuel concentration.

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Study on optimization of vehicle exhaust system noise and hook position based on multi-source experimental data analysis

The exhaust system is one of the main sources of vehicle noise, and the hook position is one of the main factors affecting the exhaust system noise. Therefore, using the data optimization analysis method and optimizing the hook position parameters can improve the acoustic characteristics of the exhaust system and the vehicle ride comfort. In this paper, the method of multi-source test data analysis is proposed to obtain the A-weighted noise data of the exhaust system at different positions of the hook. Then, through preprocessing and regularization calculation and analysis of A-weighted noise characteristic data, the analysis results of multi-source test data with different location parameters are obtained. The noise contribution of multi-source test data analysis of hook C and hook A is 53.4% and 41.2%, while the noise contribution of multi-source test data analysis of hook B and hook D is negligible. Through the analysis and calculation of the multi-source test data of the hook position, the main influence data of the hook position on the noise is obtained, which provides a reference for further optimizing the vehicle exhaust noise characteristic parameters.

CFD Analysis of Exhaust System of a Formula Racing Vehicle

This study investigates about the designing and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis of the exhaust system of a formula student vehicle. Based on FSAE rules KTM Duke 390 engine is used and the noise level is to keep below 110 dB. The main aim of the design is to have a smooth flow exhaust gases without restriction to increase engine efficiency and to keep minimal backpressure. An absorptive type of muffler is finalized to attenuate the sound levels. Based on three different equations, exhaust runner dimensions are calculated and CFD analysis is performed to choose the optimum runner dimensions. Using ASHRAE guidelines muffler dimensions range is calculated. Using Ricardo software based on effective volumetric efficiency analysis, volume of muffler that fits in ASHRAE dimension range was finalized. Both runner and muffler are analyzed and CFD analysis was carried out which resulted in streamline velocity profile of the exhaust gas and acceptable values of pressure, velocity and velocity streamline was found. CFD analysis of the full exhaust system was carried out to understand the flow characteristics of exhaust gases.

Design and Development of Light Motor Vehicle Exhaust System for Emission Control and Noise Reduction

Abstract: The ideal of this work is to develop a silencer that can amend dangerous exhaust discharge and noise produced in this conventional silencer. The health and hygienic policy depend upon the term air pollution. Weakened air causes physical illgoods and decides undesirable aesthetic and physiological goods. Air pollution can be defined as an inclusion to atmosphere of any material solid or gases which will have a various effect on life. The main adulterants contribute by machines are unburned hydrocarbon (UBHC), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), and Lead. This research work is an attempt and contribution in this direction; it's substantially dealing with the comb of emission and noise. This system is fitted to the exhaust pipe of the machine. This type of silencer is used to reduce emission, and Noise and also reduces its dangerous goods with the help of actuated outland, lime water. As the Sound produced under lime water is less audible than it produced in the atmosphere. This is because of small sprockets which are present in water motes, which lower their breadth and lower the sound position. Hence water is used in this silencer. These silencers are used to reduce the noise and control the emissions of dangerous feasts and release much lower weakened feasts to the terrain and it's easy to install.

Pedestrian-Aware Supervisory Control System Interactive Optimization of Connected Hybrid Electric Vehicles via Fuzzy Adaptive Cost Map and Bees Algorithm

Electrified vehicles are increasingly being seen as a means of mitigating the pressing concerns of traffic-related pollution. Due to the nature of engine-assisted vehicle exhaust systems, pedestrians in close proximity to these vehicles may experience events where specific emission concentrations are high enough to cause health effects. To minimize pedestrians’ exposure to vehicle emissions and pollutants nearby, we present a pedestrian-aware supervisory control system for connected hybrid electric vehicles by proposing an interactive optimization methodology. This optimization methodology combines a novel fuzzy adaptive cost map and the bees algorithm to optimize power-split control parameters. It enables the self-regulation of interobjective weights of fuel and exhaust emissions based on the real-time pedestrian density information during the optimization process. The evaluation of the vehicle performance by using the proposed methodology is conducted on the realistic trip map involving pedestrian density information collected from the University College Dublin campus. Moreover, two bootstrap sampling techniques and effect of communication quality are both investigated in order to examine the robustness of the improved vehicle system. The results demonstrate that 14.42% mass of exhaust emissions can be reduced for the involved pedestrians, by using the developed fuzzy adaptive cost map.

Waste Heat Energy Recovering to Increase The Efficiency of Automotive Internal Combustion Engines Using Thermoelectric Generators

The waste heat energy discharged into the atmosphere by a car engine's fuel consumption provides more than 70% of the energy. We can utilise waste heat energy in a car's exhaust system if a thermoelectric generator is used to convert the lost thermal energy into electricity. A thermoelectric generator is a device that uses the Seebeck effect to turn temperature differences into electricity. A thermoelectric generator is a device that uses the Seebeck effect to transform temperature differences into electrical energy. Because the thermoelectric generator requires a temperature difference on both sides to produce electrical energy, the ability to generate electrical power by thermoelectric generation using the missing thermal energy from the vehicle's exhaust system and relatively cool surrounding air temperature has been tested at various air velocity and speeds. On the other hand, we examine the feasibility of installing thermoelectric generation on the engine's front radiator, as well as the differences between utilizing lost thermal energy in the exhaust system and the automobile radiator. The goal of this article is to look at whether a thermoelectric generator could convert waste heat from a vehicle's exhaust system and radiator into usable electrical energy. As a result, laboratory equipment was constructed to mimic a car's exhaust system and radiator in this investigation. Changes in speed, vehicle load, and surrounding environmental variables affect the surface temperature of the exhaust pipe and radiator. The thermoelectric generator's other side will be cooled by air passing over the fins. These factors will result in a temperature difference on both sides of the thermoelectric generator, which will have a direct impact on the quantity of electrical power the device can generate. After the thermoelectric generator has undergone different operating conditions by changing the velocity of the air passing on one side to cool it down, the temperature of the other side will rise when exposed to the heat flux that represents the exhaust surface temperature and radiator surface temperature at those operating conditions. We predict that at 20°C, the output power for each thermoelectric generator device is 1.18 watts in the best environmental conditions that produce the highest temperature difference. Using ANSYS FLUENT SOFTWARE, it was determined that at a high-temperature difference of 45 and above, an increase in the temperature difference by 3°C increases the electrical output energy from As a result, we can anticipate how much electrical energy the thermoelectric generator gadget will produce under various climatic conditions.

Development of calculation procedure for research and refinement of suspended design natural frequencies by example of vehicle exhaust system

The article presents a finite element model exhaust system developed in the ANSA software package. Experimental research of the dynamic characteristics mounts exhaust system. and developed calculation procedure for improvement of the suspended design natural frequencies based on the experimental definition of boundary conditions by the example of the vehicle exhaust system. Requirements for natural frequencies of the exhaust system are developed; finite element models of the exhaust system are developed; physical and mechanical characteristics of mounts are defined; natural frequencies and oscillation modes of the exhaust system taking into account physical and mechanical characteristics of mounts are calculated.

Exhaust system of commercial vehicle: a review

In Automobiles like Truck, Bus, Car, and other commercial vehicles, various exhaust emission norms like Euro IV and Euro VI are considered for a non-polluted environment. This paper focuses on increasing engine and vehicle performance of commercial vehicle by reducing back-pressure and noise due to after treatment systems, considering exhaust emission norms. Back-pressure in exhaust systems is calculated with advanced Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) technologies like ANSYS Fluent, GT Power. Backpressure in the exhaust pipe is reduced by varying length, diameter, number of bends, exhaust mass flow rate and bending angle of exhaust pipe. Narrow band noise in vehicles is predicted by Large Eddy Simulation (LES). Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) converts harmful NOx to harmless N2. SCR non-linearities are calculated by CFD code CONVERGE and TRIZ method. SCR urea deposit is minimized by proper nozzle position of urea spray. Diesel and gasoline particulate filter is used to filter particulate matter in diesel and gasoline engine respectively. This research focuses on the optimization of commercial vehicle exhaust systems.

Planning an experiment for cleaning exhaust gases with ultrasound

Introduction. The article deals with the protection of the environment from harmful components of the exhaust gases of a motor vehicle. In order to solve this problem, it is proposed to develop an additional device to the exhaust system of an internal combustion engine, based on the ultrasonic coagulation cleaning method.Materials and methods. Due to the need for an environmentally friendly vehicle exhaust system, an experiment is planned to determine the particle gas settling rate on the ultrasonic stand. The correct setting of the experiment requires a preliminary theoretical analysis and a reduction in the number of parameters influencing the experiment. At the time of the experiment, the number of parameters considered should reflect the main processes and their interactions fairly accurately. However, ultrasonic coagulation depends on most parameters, such as particle settling velocity, ultrasonic wave pressure, oscillation amplitude, ultrasonic frequency, particle radius, dynamic viscosity, gravity acceleration and particle mass, which can complicate and increase the time for experimentation. The method of similarity theory and dimensional analysis was used to reduce the set of variables. This method reduces the number of experiments and saves time, costs and other resources spent on the experiment with a large number of parameters.Results. As a result, a minimum number of dimensional criteria were obtained to improve the efficiency of the ultrasonic screen processing of experimental data.Conclusion. Thus, the dimensionless criteria obtained make it possible to draw up a plan for an experiment to determine the settling rate of car exhaust gas particles on an ultrasonic stand and confirm the applicability of the ultrasonic coagulation treatment method.

Reproducing Corrosion State and Predicting Corrosion Transition of Stainless Steel used in Exhaust System of Vehicles pooled in Coastal Area.

Reproducing Corrosion State and Predicting Corrosion Transition of Stainless Steel used in Exhaust System of Vehicles pooled in Coastal Area.

Application of the Integrated Acoustic Efficiency Indicator to Optimize a Combined Silencer for a Vehicle Exhaust System

A practical solution to the problem of determining the configuration of a combined muffler for exhaust noise of a vehicle with maximum acoustic efficiency for a given volume is presented using an integral indicator of acoustic efficiency. Optimization of the geometric parameters of noise mufflers based on the integral indicator of acoustic efficiency makes it possible to reduce the time spent on the selection of the main spatial parameters and characteristics of the applied sound-absorbing materials before starting numerical calculations.

Influence of the Hook Position on the Vertical Vibrations of an Automobile Exhaust System: Application of the Robust Optimization Design

A robust optimization design method is proposed to investigate the influence of the hook position on the vertical vibration (bending) of an automobile exhaust system. A block diagram for the robustness analysis of the exhaust system is initially constructed from the major affecting factors. Secondly, the second-order inertia force is set as the vibration excitation source of the exhaust system and the displacement of four hooks of the exhaust system is selected as the variable factor. Then tests are carried out to investigate the resulting vertical bending considering four influencing factors and three levels of analysis. Finally, a variance analysis of the vertical bending is performed. The present study provides a set of guidelines to control the key factors affecting the vibration of vehicle exhaust systems while proposing an effective method to reduce vehicle vibration and improve noise analysis.

Vibroacoustic debugging technique for vehicle exhaust systems

Influence of the exhaust system on the vibroacoustic comfort of a passenger car with a transverse power unit is considered. The methodology is presented which, when using road tests and calculating the exhaust system on the finite element model, allows to reduce the levels of vibration and noise from the exhaust system when changing to more powerful engines in serial passenger cars.