Exercise Habits Research Articles

Association Between Physical Activity and Performance in Skill Learning Among Older Adults Based on Cognitive Function.

Most older adults experience cognitive and physical functioning problems; however, they require the ability to learn skills in response to age-related or social environmental changes for independent living. This study aimed to clarify the associations between age-related physical activity and performance in skill learning tasks based on cognitive function. Fifty-eight adults participated in this study and were divided into two groups: the control group (aged under 65years) and older adult group (aged over 65). All the participants performed two-skill learning exercises based on cognitive function. Habitual exercise was measured using an accelerometer and a self-reported questionnaire. At baseline, the scores on skill tasks were lower in the older adult group than in the control group and were associated with habitual exercise and motor performance. Skill acquisition, observed in both groups, was associated with age and self-reported physical activity. Retention of the acquired skill was not associated with habitual exercise, and it declined significantly in the older group. Skill acquisition was maintained regardless of age; however, the ability to retain the acquired skills decreased among the older adults. Habitual physical activity was associated with skill acquisition but not the retention of the acquired skill. Significance/Implications: The study findings highlight the association between habitual exercise and motor skill learning in older adults, providing insight for practitioners in the rehabilitation and health care fields.

Effects of Year Long Aerobic Exercise on Left Atrial Size in Patients With Left Ventricular Hypertrophy.

Effects of Year Long Aerobic Exercise on Left Atrial Size in Patients With Left Ventricular Hypertrophy.

Treatment for the central sensitization component of lower back pain using systemic manual therapy.

Treatment for the central sensitization component of lower back pain using systemic manual therapy.

Relationship between the G Tolerance, Physical Performance, and Cardiac Force Index in Male Aircrew: A Prospective Observational Study.

Whether G tolerance is correlated physical performances and cardiac force index (CFI) in male aircrew. One month before the high G training, military flight cadets provided demographic data and details about their exercise habits. They wore BioPatch™ HP devices to track cardiac data, including walking CFI (WCFI), and during the 100-meter sprint tests. Jump performance was assessed on the training day by measuring peak power output, peak power output normalized to total body mass, the product of force and time at the moment of the jump, and vertical jump height. Relaxed G tolerance (RGT) and straining G tolerance (SGT) were evaluated using a gradual onset rate. Logistic regression was used to analyze the relationships between G tolerance, physical performance, and CFI. There were 53 male trainees classified in the low tolerance group and 29 ones in the high tolerance group. The finish time for the sprint in the high tolerance group averaged 14.1 ± 1.0 seconds, which was shorter than the 14.4 ± 1.1 seconds recorded for the low tolerance group. A higher WCFI (>0.15 vs. ≤0.15) before the sprint was consistently associated with enhanced G tolerance performance, with an adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of 3.72 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.10-12.60]. Conversely, the sprint completion time was negatively associated with G tolerance (aOR: 0.38, 95% CI: 0.15-0.95). Our findings indicate that a higher WCFI and shorter sprint times prior to the high G training are positively correlated with the G tolerance. Aircrew training centers may integrate sprint and jump tests alongside cardiovascular monitoring to classify cadets into high or low G tolerance groups for further personalized training regimens.

Living with Type 2 Diabetes and Kidney Failure: Lifestyle Strategies

Type 2 diabetes, a chronic condition characterized by elevated blood sugar levels, can lead to severe complications, including kidney failure, if left unmanaged. This study explores the connection between type 2 diabetes and kidney failure, aiming to enhance patient care, prevention strategies, and early intervention. Lifestyle factors such as physical activity, smoking, and dietary habits play a significant role in the onset and progression of both conditions. This cross-sectional descriptive study collected data from 100 participants across hospitals and private and public clinics in Tripoli. The sample included individuals both under and over 50 years of age. A questionnaire-based survey was used, divided into three sections: (1) demographic and biodemographic data, (2) clinical features, and (3) behavioral attributes. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26, with correlation tests identifying relationships between key variables. Findings revealed that 73% of participants were middle-income, and 46% had a high school diploma. Significant correlations were found between smoking, exercise habits, and the frequency of weekly dialysis sessions. The study also highlighted a high incidence of chronic kidney failure among diabetic patients in Libya, emphasizing the role of modifiable lifestyle factors in disease progression. These results underscore the need for an interdisciplinary approach to kidney disease prevention, particularly in early-stage diabetes management, to reduce the risk of end-stage renal disease (ESRD).

Grip Strength as an Indicator of Health in Elderly Females.

A total of 541 elderly women aged 60-95 years (mean age: 79.87 ± 6.64) participated in the study. Physical function was assessed using HGS, 10 m walk test, figure-of-8 walk test, and 30-s chair stand test. Among the participants, 400 (76.8%) were classified as obese, and 137 (26.3%) had sarcopenia. Results showed that HGS was significantly lower in the sarcopenic group (16.58 ± 2.86 kg) than in the normal group (24.31 ± 3.33 kg, p < 0.001). HGS was negatively correlated with body fat (r = -0.146, p = 0.001) and positively correlated with physical performance. Additionally, exercise habits were significantly associated with reduced obesity risk (OR = 0.592, p = 0.027). This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Chonnam National University (IRB No. 1040198-220210-BR-009-03). The significance of hand grip strength was comparable to that of gait speed, walking capacity, coordination, and balance function. These findings suggest that grip strength can serve as a physical indicator of healthy condition and physical function with or without sarcopenia or obesity in older women.

The Attitude Toward Seasonal Influenza Vaccine Among Workers of Community Healthcare Centers in Zhejiang Province, China: Barriers and Facilitators.

Background: This study was aimed at understanding the attitude on influenza and influenza vaccination among workers of community healthcare centers (CHCs) and investigating the barriers and facilitators for influenza vaccination. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted through an anonymous questionnaire to all workers of CHCs in 22 CHCs. Socio-demographic characteristics, reasons for acceptance or refusal of influenza vaccination, influenza vaccination status, and attitude toward influenza vaccination were collected. Suggested strategies for improving influenza vaccine uptake were also surveyed. Descriptive analyses were conducted depending on the distributions of variables. A logistic regression analysis was implemented to examine the association between influenza vaccination status in the 2022/2023 season and the potential predictors. The adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated. Results: In total, 2205 workers of CHCs participated in this study. Influenza vaccination coverage in the 2022/2023 season was 1.36%. The reason "To avoid influenza" met with the highest level of agreement for acceptance of influenza vaccination (median = 4.36 for 1-5-point Likert scale), while the reason "Not a high-risk group of influenza and possible complications" met with the highest level of agreement for refusal of influenza vaccination (median = 3.72 for 1-5-point Likert scale). The influenza vaccination status was significantly related to professional categories, regular exercise habits, sources of information on influenza vaccination, and attitude on recommending influenza vaccination to patients. The free influenza vaccination and mandatory vaccination policies were the most frequent suggestions for improving influenza vaccination coverage. Conclusions: A lower influenza vaccination coverage was observed in workers of CHCs, and it might be attributed to several risk factors. It was urgent to take actions on improving their understanding of, awareness of, and confidence in influenza vaccination. Free influenza vaccination and vaccination requirement policies might be helpful for enhancing vaccine uptake, especially for physicians and other healthcare workers.

The psychological need development model influences students’ intentions to physical activity

Objective. This study aims to construct a comprehensive model that can explain and predict Chinese college students' intentions to engage in physical activity based on Self-Determination Theory (SDT) and the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). Methods. This study selected four colleges from Chengdu, China for random sampling, with a total of 512 college students completing the questionnaire. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to examine the research hypotheses. Result. Psychological need, which includes autonomy, relatedness and competence facilitates intrinsic motivation to to exercise among students. Furthermore, psychological need and intrinsic motivation also play important role in influencing student attitude and behaviour on physical activities. Conclusions. Students who experience greater autonomy in choosing their workouts, competence in their abilities, and relatedness through peer support are more likely to develop long-term exercise habits. This study contributes theoretically by extending TPB with SDT components, providing a more comprehensive understanding of exercise motivation. It offers insights for universities, fitness professionals, and health organizations to design interventions that foster motivation, social engagement, and accessibility in exercise programs.

Diet, nutraceuticals, and lifestyle interventions for the treatment and management of irritable bowel syndrome.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the most common gastrointestinal (GI) disorder of the gut-brain interaction and causes significant GI distress. The etiology of IBS is multifactorial, with food intolerances being a frequent contributing factor to IBS symptoms. Diet and lifestyle interventions are key components in comprehensive IBS care. In this review, we examine the current evidence-based dietary approaches for treating IBS. The low-FODMAP diet has the most robust data for improving overall symptom burden. In conjunction with guidance from a registered dietitian, certain patients may benefit from targeted dietary elimination of specific carbohydrates such as lactose or fructose or gluten. Among the nutraceuticals used to treat IBS, peppermint oil has sufficient evidence and appropriate safety data to recommend adjunctive use to reduce IBS symptoms. Although prebiotic and probiotic food sources may be beneficial to the microbiome, there is not enough evidence to support the routine use of prebiotic or probiotic supplements. Given the complexity of IBS, a holistic approach in which clinicians address a patients' diet, culture, sleep hygiene, exercise habits, and mental health may improve patients' overall quality of life.

The Relationship Between Nutrition and Exercise Habits and Biochemical Parameters in Non-Smoking Elderly Individuals

Aim: The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between nutrition, physical activity and biochemical parameters in non-smokers aged 65 and over. Material and Method: The study was completed with 180 participants in the cardiovascular surgery outpatient clinic of a public hospital located in Central Anatolia, Türkiye. Data were collected using a questionnaire form prepared by the researchers. Independent sample t-test and Pearson correlation test were used in the analysis of the data. Results: The mean age of the participants was 72.36±5.65 years, 56.7% were illiterate, 60% had less income than expenses, and 73.3% had chronic diseases. It was determined that individuals who consumed at least one serving of fruit/vegetables per day had significantly lower glucose (p

Exercise habits and activity levels in an international sample of people with PCOS

Exercise habits and activity levels in an international sample of people with PCOS

Which Exercise Patterns Are Most Effective for Reducing Severe Headache/Migraine in Adults? Evidence From a Nationally Representative U.S. Sample.

Headaches and migraines are disabling, costly conditions. While physical activity shows benefits, specific exercise patterns' effects on headaches in the U.S. remain underexplored. This study aims to examine the cross-sectional relationship between different exercise patterns and the occurrence of severe headaches or migraines in adults using data from a nationally representative U.S. sample. Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cycles 1999-2004 were analyzed. The study included adults aged 20-65years who reported their exercise habits and severe headache or migraine status. Logistic regression models were used to assess the predictive relationships between vigorous, moderate, and muscle-strengthening exercise, as well as combinations of these activities, and the occurrence of migraines. The final sample comprised 2011 participants representing a weighted population of about 32 million U.S. adults. Combining vigorous and muscle-strengthening activities showed the most significant reduction in headache/migraine occurrence (OR: .48, 95% CI: 0.26-0.90), indicating a 52% reduction. Other exercise combinations were also associated with lower odds ratios compared to no exercise, but they were not statistically significant in the fully adjusted model. Regular physical activity, especially the combination of vigorous and muscle-strengthening exercise, is linked to a lower risk of severe headaches/migraines.

Body Composition Benefits Diminish One Year After a Resistance Training Regimen in Breast Cancer Patients, Although Improvements in Strength, Balance, and Mobility Persist

Objectives: Resistance training can improve body composition and physical function during and after breast cancer treatment and improve quality of life. It is unclear whether these changes persist once a person is no longer actively enrolled in a structured exercise regimen. Thus, we analyzed participants from the EXERT-BC protocol, assessing an intense exercise regimen in women with breast cancer at one year. Methods: All the participants were asked to undergo reassessment at one year. Current exercise habits, injuries, changes in medical history, body composition, handgrip strength, functional mobility and balance, and patient-reported quality of life were assessed. Pairwise comparison was performed via the paired t test. Results: Out of 40 initial participants, 33 returned for reevaluation, with 6 lost to follow-up and 1 with unrelated hospitalization. The median age was 57.8 years, and stage at diagnosis was 1. Weekly exercise was reported by 16 participants (48.5%), with 14 of the 16 following structured resistance training. Between completion of the EXERT-BC and one year follow-up, five women (15.2%) experienced musculoskeletal injuries, which inhibited their ability to exercise. Three women (9%), who were no longer exercising experienced orthopedic injuries requiring medical intervention. The significant reduction in percent body fat, total body fat, excess fat, and increases in muscle mass, resting metabolic rate, and whole-body phase angle dissipated at 1 year. Activity levels and quality of life were no longer significantly improved. However, strength, mobility, and balance remained significantly improved versus pre-exercise measurements, whether a participant was still engaged in exercise or not. Conclusion: After a 3-month dose-escalated resistance training regimen, exercise compliance was poor at one year. The anthropomorphic benefits of the regimen regressed by one year; however, the improvements in strength, balance, and mobility persisted.

Prevalence and risk factors of adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in university students: A study from the United Arab Emirates

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), once considered primarily a childhood condition, is now increasingly recognized as a disorder that persists into adulthood and significantly impacts academic and professional success. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of ADHD and identify associated risk factors among university students. A cross-sectional study was conducted over a period of six months at Ras Al Khaimah Medical and Health Sciences University, United Arab Emirates. Data were collected through a self-report questionnaire addressing sociodemographic, lifestyle, and family environment factors. ADHD symptoms were assessed using the World Health Organization Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale version 1.1, based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders - Fifth Edition criteria. The study sample included 472 students, with a mean age of 19.9±1.85 years. The overall prevalence of ADHD was 13.6% (n=64). Logistic regression analysis revealed significant associations between the mother's smoking status (odds ratio (OR): 2.35; 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 1.949–5.862, p=0.050) and living in shared housing (OR: 3.35; 95%CI: 1.674–6.723, p=0.001) with increased odds of ADHD. Conversely, being male (OR: 0.4; 95%CI: 0.216–0.891, p=0.02) and being born full-term (OR: 0.331; 95%CI: 0.138–0.794, p=0.013) were associated with decreased odds of ADHD. Other factors, such as college affiliation, smoking status, exercise habits, maternal employment, mode of delivery, and pregnancy complications, were not significant risk factors. These findings highlight the need for targeted interventions in university settings, including early screening, tailored support services, and increased staff awareness, to support students with ADHD and enhance their academic success and well-being.

Lower total cholesterol and HDL-C levels are associated with increased risk of Behçet’s disease in a prospective nationwide Korean study

This study explores the relationship between Behçet’s disease (BD) and serum lipid levels, focusing on a large cohort to understand the correlation between lipid profile variations and BD. Utilizing data from the Korean National Healthcare Insurance Service, it encompasses 9,914,049 individuals who participated in health screenings in 2009. The research identifies patients diagnosed with BD during a follow-up period and analyzes their lipid profiles, categorized into quartiles of total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglycerides (TG). The study calculates adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) considering age, gender, smoking history, alcohol consumption, exercise habits, income, body mass index, hypertension, and diabetes, to evaluate the impact of lipid concentrations on BD development. Results show a significant increase in BD incidence among those with lower TC and HDL-C levels (aHR for lowest vs. highest TC quartile: 1.57, 95% CI 1.40–1.76, p < 0.0001; aHR for lowest vs. highest HDL-C quartile: 1.66, 95% CI 1.48–1.86, p < 0.0001), while LDL-C and TG levels did not exhibit a statistically significant association with BD risk. Additionally, the risk of BD does not escalate in the low HDL group using lipid-lowering agents (aHR: 1.33, 95% CI 0.93–1.90, p = 0.8496). The study concludes that lower TC and HDL-C levels are associated with an increased risk of developing BD.

Association of Reversible Frailty with All-Cause Mortality Risk in Community-Dwelling Older Adults and Analysis of Factors Affecting Frailty Reversal in Older Adults.

Association of Reversible Frailty with All-Cause Mortality Risk in Community-Dwelling Older Adults and Analysis of Factors Affecting Frailty Reversal in Older Adults.

Awareness, Attitudes, and Practices of the Exercise Buddy System Among Overweight and Obese Individuals in India: A Cross‐Sectional Study

Background: Overweight and obesity are growing health problems in India due to city living and lifestyle changes. Regular exercise helps prevent chronic diseases, but many people struggle to stick with it. The exercise buddy system, where two people exercise together, may improve motivation and consistency. However, few studies explore how well-known this method is. This study examined awareness, opinions, and use of the buddy system among overweight and obese adults in India. Methods: We conducted a study with 80 adults (aged 18–60 years; BMI ≥ 24.9 kg/m²). Participants were recruited through online surveys on social media and in-person interviews at a hospital clinic. A questionnaire collected data on demographics, exercise habits, and awareness and opinions of the buddy system using an eight-item scale. We ensured data quality with strict checks. Data were analyzed using SPSS v21 with descriptive, chi-square, and regression analyses. Results: Participants’ average age was 45 years; 56.3% were women. Most (92.5%) exercised regularly, but 72.5% did so alone. Only 11.3% knew about the buddy system before the study. After learning about it, most had positive views (Cronbach’s α = 0.82). Higher positive opinions increased willingness to try the buddy system by 35% (OR = 1.35, p = 0.004). Conclusion: While baseline awareness of the exercise buddy system is low among overweight and obese individuals in India, the generally positive attitudes indicate significant potential for its integration into physical activity interventions. Future research should focus on educational strategies to enhance awareness and overcome barriers to adoption.

The Influences of Adolescent and Current Exercise Habits on Clinical Profiles of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

The Influences of Adolescent and Current Exercise Habits on Clinical Profiles of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Integration of Wearables Into a Cardiac Rehabilitation Program and Its Impact on Physical Activity and Exercise Capacity in Older Patients With Cardiovascular Disease

Background: Cardiac rehabilitation using mobile health is increasingly being described as effective in improving exercise habits and physical function. However, the effectiveness of combined mobile health and hospital-based cardiac rehabilitation in older patients with cardiovascular disease is unknown. Objective: To investigate the effect of a wearable watch device combined with hospital-based cardiac rehabilitation in older patients with cardiovascular disease compared with those with usual care. Methods: A randomized, controlled trial was conducted in patients with cardiovascular disease aged ⩾60 years who underwent hospital-based cardiac rehabilitation. The patients were randomized 1:1 in those with a wearable watch (Fitbit Versa 3) or usual care. During out-of-hospital cardiac rehabilitation, patients with a wearable watch were advised to check their heart rate with a wearable watch and to target their physical activity at the heart rate determined by cardiopulmonary exercise testing. The primary endpoint was a change in physical activity obtained from the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (metabolic equivalents [METs]-minute/week) between the 2 groups during 12 weeks. Results: Among 39 patients (median age = 73 years, 82% men), the change in physical activity was significantly greater in patients with a wearable watch than in those with usual care (median: 2073 [1155-4400] vs 148 [−1261-899] METs-minute/week; analysis of covariance; P &lt; .001). In patients with a wearable watch, 6-minute walk distance, the peak oxygen uptake, peak METs, and anaerobic threshold were significantly improved, whereas no significant increase was observed in patients with usual care from baseline to 12 weeks. Conclusions: In older patients with cardiovascular disease, a wearable watch device combined with hospital-based cardiac rehabilitation increases physical activity and improves exercise capacity outside of hospital.

Nutritional Status, Fluid Intake, and Exercise Habits on the Incidence of Dehydration in Adolescents at SMP Negeri 1 Indralaya, Ogan Ilir Regency

Dehydration is a condition that can reduce stamina, concentration, memory, and increase the risk of serious physical disorders. Adolescents are at higher risk of dehydration due to intense physical activity and fluid consumption patterns that are often insufficient. Fluid requirements in adolescents depend on various factors, including age, gender, level of physical activity, environmental conditions, and nutritional status. so special attention to hydration is needed. This study aims to analyze the relationship between nutritional status, fluid intake, and exercise habits with the incidence of dehydration in adolescents at SMP Negeri 1 Indralaya, Ogan Ilir Regency. This study used an analytical observational design with a cross-sectional approach. Data analysis used the chi-square statistical test with a 95% confidence level (? = 0.05). The sample consisted of 110 students. Data was collected through interviews, anthropometric measurements, and assessment of hydration levels using urine color check cards. The results of the study showed that 3.6% of adolescents were malnourished, 40.9 were overweight, 40.9% had an insufficient fluid intake, 80.9% exercised, and 79.1% were dehydrated. The results of statistical tests showed that there was no significant relationship between nutritional status (p=0.266), fluid intake (p=0.845), and exercise habits (p=0.816) with the hydration status of adolescents. Adolescents are advised to get used to routinely consuming water every day, especially before and after physical activity as an effort to prevent dehydration. In addition, it is necessary to avoid consuming sweet or caffeinated drinks that can increase the risk of dehydration. Schools can play an active role by providing easy access to drinking water, as well as providing education about the importance of good hydration for body health and supporting daily activities.