Exclusive Position Research Articles

Economic abuse: Coercive debt of Arab-Palestinian women in Israel

This article focuses on coercive debt, a form of economic abuse inflicted on women belonging to an indigenous-national minority by their partners/ex-partners. Coercive debt isolates and controls women, making it difficult for them to build a life free of their abuser even after separation, and impeding their ability to meet basic needs, such as housing, employment and amenities. Through a series of semi-structured in-depth interviews conducted in 2022 with Arab-Palestinian women in Israel, along with an analysis of several legal cases ( n = 21), we uncovered the mechanism, dynamics, and implications of economic abuse manifested as coercive debt from the women’s subjective perspective. Our findings were then examined against the backdrop of these women’s multiple positions of marginality, vulnerability, and civic exclusion due to their belonging to a minority group. This study enhances the understanding of the predicament faced by minority women in coercive debt, shedding light on the specific difficulties and barriers they encounter.

Navigating monolingual language ideologies: Educators’ “Yes, BUT” objections to linguistically sustaining pedagogies in the classroom

Aims: We examine how educators articulate tensions between linguistic pluralism and linguistic normativity in written Linguistic Autobiographies through their metacommentary about student language and their role as educators. We specifically focus on “Yes, BUT” objections articulated by 17 participants that frame monolingualism and adherence to idealized forms of English as necessary, despite rhetorical nods to embracing linguistic diversity. Research questions: (1) How do participating educators construct “Yes, BUT” objections to linguistic pluralism in their written Linguistic Autobiographies? (2) What language ideologies inform these objections? (3) What ideological positions for educators are implicated? Design/methodology/approach: Collaborative emergent qualitative coding and inductive discourse analysis. Data and analysis: We analyzed Linguistic Autobiographies written by 50 educators taking an online master’s class in Sociolinguistics for Bilingual Educators and examined features of “Yes, BUT” objections and their ideological justification using collaborative, emergent coding and inductive discourse analysis. Findings/conclusions: We document how educators’ “Yes, BUT” objections illuminate discursive moves that justify the seeming embrace, yet ultimate rejection of, linguistic diversity. Originality: This study disentangles monolingual language ideologies to address objections inherent to educators’ “Yes, BUT” constructions that arise as common barriers in teacher education. We reframe these objections as emergent degrees of linguistic pluralism, which serve as evidence of the contextual difficulties educators often encounter in schools. We thus acknowledge rather than dismiss the tensions educators face in fostering linguistic pluralism. Significance/implications: This study illuminates how language ideologies shape (and possibly offer insights for undoing) complacency in what is often discussed as a long-standing tension between the seemingly mutually exclusive positions of linguistic pluralism and linguistic normativity. We argue that analyzing and addressing these “Yes, BUT” objections in educators’ narratives is key to the disruption of monolingual language ideologies in educational settings and beyond.

NAC and Zuotin/Hsp70 chaperone systems coexist at the ribosome tunnel exit in vivo.

The area surrounding the tunnel exit of the 60S ribosomal subunit is a hub for proteins involved in maturation and folding of emerging nascent polypeptide chains. How different factors vie for positioning at the tunnel exit in the complex cellular environment is not well understood. We used in vivo site-specific cross-linking to approach this question, focusing on two abundant factors-the nascent chain-associated complex (NAC) and the Hsp70 chaperone system that includes the J-domain protein co-chaperone Zuotin. We found that NAC and Zuotin can cross-link to each other at the ribosome, even when translation initiation is inhibited. Positions yielding NAC-Zuotin cross-links indicate that when both are present the central globular domain of NAC is modestly shifted from the mutually exclusive position observed in cryogenic electron microscopy analysis. Cross-linking results also suggest that, even in NAC's presence, Hsp70 can situate in a manner conducive for productive nascent chain interaction-with the peptide binding site at the tunnel exit and the J-domain of Zuotin appropriately positioned to drive stabilization of nascent chain binding. Overall, our results are consistent with the idea that, in vivo, the NAC and Hsp70 systems can productively position on the ribosome simultaneously.

DA LI IM JE ZAISTA STALO DO NAS? O GRANICAMA DRŽAVNOG INTERVENCIONIZMA

This paper examines the limits of state intervention through the relationship between freedom and equality, the rule of law and social justice, as well as through two highly contradictory concepts regarding the scope of government action – the concepts of minimal state and paternalistic state. Accordingly, we seek to identify a model capable of outlining the extent to which the state can intervene in the light of socially beneficial goals, but without compromising individual freedom. Since we cannot find such a model within the extreme positions of liberalism and socialism, this paper seeks to offer a satisfactory solution by mitigating some of the ideologically exclusive positions. It embraces Aristotle’s teaching about the middle as a virtue and proposes sophisticated neoliberalism as a potential alternative to the status quo. Still, as insisted, the government should never be allowed to assume uncontrollable powers and create conditions for collectivist doctrines that recognize no individual freedom. Key Words: equality, freedom, rule of law, social justice, state intervention

Nurses job satisfaction identified by personal preferences and perceived saturation divergence: a comparative cross-sectional study in Czech hospitals between 2011 and 2021

BackgroundThe perception of the quality of care provided by the medical institution to patients is directly affected by the job satisfaction of nurses. The feeling of job satisfaction is caused besides other things by the subjective expectations of employees about what their work should provide them with in return. The aim of the study is to evaluate and compare job satisfaction of hospital nurses in the Czech Republic in 2011 and 2021 by identifying differences between their personal preferences and perceived saturation.MethodsThe respondents are hospital nurses in the Czech Republic in 2011 and 2021. A developed questionnaire was used to determine the job satisfaction factors. The order of factors of personal preferences, perceived saturation and differences between them was compiled. For evaluation was used the Euclidean distance model that enables to capture the order and determine the significance given by the distance in which the factors are located.ResultsAt the top of personal preferences of hospital nurses, the factors salary and patient care are in the first two places with a similar distance. The salary factor is the most preferred by hospital nurses in both evaluated periods, and at the same time there is the greatest discrepancy between personal preferences and perceived saturation. By contrast, image of profession and working conditions were sufficiently saturated by the employer in both periods, but nurses do not significantly prefer these factors.ConclusionsThe salary and patient care (i.e. the mission of the nurse’s work itself) are at the top of personal preferences of hospital nurses, with an exclusive position among other factors. We consider it important that the hospital management emphasizes them in the management of hospital nurses. At the same time, the patient care is perceived by the hospital nurses as one of the most saturated factors - in contrast to salary, which is located at the complete opposite pole as the least saturated factor and therefore emerges from the mutual comparison as the factor with the greatest degree of divergence. The stated conclusions are valid for both compared periods. New method of data evaluation was successfully tested.

Women's Morality Education Values in 'Aisyiyah

Aisyiyah is a women's organization that contributes to various fields/assemblies, including education, tabligh, health, social, law and human rights, environment, economics, etc. It has been explained in the history and maps of the women's movement in Indonesia, 'Aisyiyah occupies a very exclusive position. This research is a qualitative method and case study approach. The case study method is a form of research that focuses on examining the background, interactions and conditions of a particular community. Values of women's moral education found in 'Aisyiyah, the first is role of women in the family especially as a wife and mother because in Islam a mother is the first educator for a child. Second, women's position in the public must be based on moral education, so that every activity they carry out is always positive. Third is opportunities for women in education are a preventive step so that women can increase their potential, but this must be balanced with moral education, one of which is so that women have wise character. And the fourth women in fashion, Islam has a great attention to women. Modern women have made fashion an effort to implement religious values.

Woman as the call of being according to Eastern theology and the example of Jadwiga Zamoyska

Man understood as the image of God has an inalienable right and the ability to express his identity as a woman or as a man. This proves the ontological equality of a man and a woman, equally called to overcome the limitations of individual nature. The modern movements of women’s liberation efforts in the pursuit of freedom often lose sight of the basic sense of humanity. The result is sometimes their highly confrontational style of struggle for their own separateness and autonomy, leading to the achievement of an exclusive position and total opposition to the male form of leadership in community life. This seems absolutely strange to Jadwiga Zamoyska’s attitude. Meanwhile, today a woman, like a man, needs to rediscover the lost aspects of Christianity in herself, which would allow her to constantly remain in harmony with herself.

Role ženy a její vývoj v evropském nástupnickém právu

Although the history of European law of succession is colourful, changes in its conception have been continuous, especially in case of transferring the claims. They have not been adopted equally consistently by all states in which the monarchy order is still an integral part of the legal system. We can find out the trend of transition from more rigorous forms (such as Salic or Agnatic law) to the current absolute primogeniture, which is gradually applied across whole continent. In some countries there we can find significant divergence between this successor order and older nobelmen orders. The status of women became over time more equal to the status of men, but at the same time women gradually lost their exclusive position that was reserved for them by previous orders.

Kant, Hegel and Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi: Salto mortale and the noble tone in philosophy

In his writings, Hegel positioned himself clearly on Jacobi’s philosophizing, revealing the weight and limits of a philosophy of direct knowledge. The complaint of the idea of immediacy also occurs with Jacobi with “exclusion of mediation”. Immediate knowledge is given a totally exclusive position and this exclusively immediate knowledge is merely asserted or asserted as a fact of consciousness. Since this “feeling”, this fact of consciousness, is considered the criterion of truth, the merely subjective knowledge and the assurance of finding a content in my consciousness, pure subjectivity without any objectivity, becomes the foundation. In the philosophies of the immediate, according to Kant and Hegel, legitimation is shifted to the gates of thinking, comprehensible thinking only provides second-hand knowledge, first-hand is only belief or belief. Only immediate certainty is not the same as knowledge. Hegel’s phenomenology attempts to satisfy Kant’s demand for testing in the form of a gradual progression from certainty to knowledge in the form of a self-fulfilling skepticism. The encyclopedia chapter on immediate knowledge, of which Jacobi is one of the more recent representatives, then also consistently concludes with the reference to skepticism as a negative science carried out through all forms of knowledge without exception, which proves the nullity of all these mere assurances. This passage follows directly after the exposition of the claims of exclusive-immediate knowledge. Although Kant warned against dilapidated hypotheses as forbidden goods, assurances are given today and speak of facts of consciousness, of the “immediate revelation of the subject”. Jacobi formulates weighty objections to the reflective mind. Against understanding thinking, against reason, they have no power.

A Catholic Pope and a Rawlsian Statesman: War and Peace through the Lens of Non-Public and Public Reason

A Catholic pope and a Rawlsian statesman respectively represent religious and political leaders who confront the reality of war and face the challenge of responding to it. A political decision during conflict based exclusively on religious or secular justifications will be unconvincing in a contemporary plural public space. John Rawls’s solution to this dilemma was to offer justifications based on public reason grounded on political values and not on religious or secular values that support non-public reason. However, restraining religious arguments can ignite passionate religious objections when the decisions of government contradict the demands of their religious values. Hence, this paper argues against an exclusive position and highlights the importance of a nuanced approach that engages religious and political perspectives. The arguments are presented by engaging both Catholic and Rawlsian responses to war by focusing on just war theory and the role of a statesman.

Teacher, Gatekeeper, or Team Member: supervisor positioning in programmatic assessment.

Competency-based assessment is undergoing an evolution with the popularisation of programmatic assessment. Fundamental to programmatic assessment are the attributes and buy-in of the people participating in the system. Our previous research revealed unspoken, yet influential, cultural and relationship dynamics that interact with programmatic assessment to influence success. Pulling at this thread, we conducted secondary analysis of focus groups and interviews (n = 44 supervisors) using the critical lens of Positioning Theory to explore how workplace supervisors experienced and perceived their positioning within programmatic assessment. We found that supervisors positioned themselves in two of three ways. First, supervisors universally positioned themselves as a Teacher, describing an inherent duty to educate students. Enactment of this position was dichotomous, with some supervisors ascribing a passive and disempowered position onto students while others empowered students by cultivating an egalitarian teaching relationship. Second, two mutually exclusive positions were described-either Gatekeeper or Team Member. Supervisors positioning themselves as Gatekeepers had a duty to protect the community and were vigilant to the detection of inadequate student performance. Programmatic assessment challenged this positioning by reorientating supervisor rights and duties which diminished their perceived authority and led to frustration and resistance. In contrast, Team Members enacted a right to make a valuable contribution to programmatic assessment and felt liberated from the burden of assessment, enabling them to assent power shifts towards students and the university. Identifying supervisor positions revealed how programmatic assessment challenged traditional structures and ideologies, impeding success, and provides insights into supporting supervisors in programmatic assessment.

Characterization of an Exceptional Fungal Mutant Enables the Discovery of the Specific Regulator of a Silent PKS-NRPS Hybrid Biosynthetic Pathway.

Filamentous fungi produce a great variety of bioactive secondary metabolites essential for their biotic interactions. Here, we characterized an exceptional Trichoderma mutant overproducing harzianic acids (HAs) with exclusively highly antifungal activity against numerous fungi from different ecological groups. Interestingly, two transcription factors (TFs) were identified in this HA biosynthetic gene cluster (hac BGC), with HacI regulating the biosynthetic genes and HacF being likely responsible for the product transportation essential for the self-detoxification of the fungus from the produced HAs. Evolutionary analysis suggested that the sparse distribution of hac BGC in many environmental opportunistic fungi including several species from Trichoderma, Penicillium, and Aspergillus could result from lateral gene transfers and pervasive gene losses in different lineages of Pezizomycotina. Taken together, we propose that the production of HAs by fungi is to inhibit the growth of the surrounding partners to secure an exclusive position in a competitive community.

Research on the diversification strategy of Clothing brands in the Chinese market-basis on the proper sub-brand marketing benefits the main-brand

This paper starts with the current development of the clothing industry in China and uses a research method of literature analysis and case comparison. The problems of uneven categories, vacant style diversity, and vague brand positioning in the Chinese clothing market are identified. Based on the case study summarises the three characteristics that sub-brands should have multi-category development, diversified styles, and exclusive positioning. It is also concluded that proper sub-brand establishment will benefit the main brand.

Fabrication of organobentonite by microwave‐assisted heating and its adsorption property for phenol

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe adsorption removal of phenol onto bentonite that was prepared by the traditional hydrothermal method has been widely studied; especially, surfactant‐modified bentonite has achieved an exclusive position on effective removal to phenol. However, the adsorption performance of the bentonite functionalized by double‐carbon chain surfactants in a microwave field for phenol is relatively low. The study on the fabrication of organobentonite by microwave‐assistance to remove organic pollutants still needs to be investigated.RESULTSThe adsorption performance of bentonite was enhanced after functionalizing with Dihexadecyldimethylammonium Bromide (D1621). FTIR and XRD patterns revealed that D1621 was successfully intercalated into bentonite, and the interval space was increased by 1.54 to 1.84 nm. The optimized preparation condition was obtained at a molar ratio (D1621: Bentonite) of 0.36, solid–liquid ratio (D1621 + Bent: water) of 0.12, microwave mode of Med, and thermal radiation for 6 min based on the indicator of phenol adsorption uptake. An excellent removal rate for phenol was observed at pH 2 to 7 and room temperature in adsorption tests. The adsorption process was spontaneous at room temperature according to thermodynamic parameters, and it agrees with Freundlich (R2 = 0.9781) and pseudo‐second‐order (R2 = 0.9999) models, validating a chemisorption process.CONCLUSIONThe D1621‐Bent perpetrated by using the microwave‐assisted heating method was proven to be a reliable adsorbent for phenol in water. The adsorption performance of bentonite on phenol was remarkably enhanced after the introduction of organic modifiers. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).

Editing a Scholarly Persona in the New Field of Women’s History – Gerda Lerner’s Integrations and Taboos

Gerda Lerner (1920–2013) was one of the most influential figures in the development of women’s and gender history. She knew the power of auto/biography and very consciously controlled her image through autobiographical writing. In this paper I want to analyze how Lerner built her scholarly persona to a large part on her autobiographical practices and how she kept on ‘editing’ this persona during her career and after it ended, aiming to integrate her various positions of exclusion and taboos as well as her diverse pioneering achievements. Looking more closely at three of Lerner’s autobiographical representations and inquiring into the gendered nature of the scholarly persona (with special regard to domestic arrangements), I want to illustrate how she was grappling with the integration of feminist consciousness into her scholarly selfhood in the late 1970s. At the same time, she made sure that her care work for her dying husband would not be visible to the scientific community. Other identities also remained taboo and could only be revealed after her career had ended – these include not only her well-known autobiographical outing as a Communist, but also her twenty-year identification as a housewife, which could only be related after leaving academia.

Melatonin as the Cornerstone of Neuroimmunoendocrinology.

Much attention has been recently drawn to studying melatonin – a hormone whose synthesis was first found in the epiphysis (pineal gland). This interest can be due to discovering the role of melatonin in numerous physiological processes. It was the discovery of melatonin synthesis in endocrine organs (pineal gland), neural structures (Purkinje cells in the cerebellum, retinal photoreceptors), and immunocompetent cells (T lymphocytes, NK cells, mast cells) that triggered the evolution of new approaches to the unifield signal regulation of homeostasis, which, at the turn of the 21st century, lead to the creation of a new integral biomedical discipline — neuroimmunoendocrinology. While numerous hormones have been verified over the last decade outside the “classical” locations of their formation, melatonin occupies an exclusive position with regard to the diversity of locations where it is synthesized and secreted. This review provides an overview and discussion of the major data regarding the role of melatonin in various physiological and pathological processes, which affords grounds for considering melatonin as the “cornerstone” on which neuroimmunoendocrinology has been built as an integral concept of homeostasis regulation.

Imperialism after empire? Britain and Qatar in the aftermath of the withdrawal from East of Suez

The existing historiography on relations between Britain and the states of Lower Gulf after British withdrawal from ‘East of Suez’ in 1971 suggests that the former imperial power successfully established an informal role in the 1970s and beyond which amounted to empire in all but name. While Britain certainly sought to retain as much of its influence and as many of its interests in the economically important Lower Gulf as possible, an analysis of Anglo-Qatari relations after 1971 demonstrates that Britain’s former exclusive position was substantially eroded. British economic weakness, fierce competition from Britain’s industrial rivals, and the encroachment of the Arab world into the affairs of Qatar all militated still further against the preservation of British influence and interests, let alone the establishment of an informal imperial relationship with Qatar.

Evolution of the accommodation situation among women living homeless in Madrid, Spain: A longitudinal study.

Women constitute a particularly vulnerable subgroup of people living homeless, with their own set of circumstances and life histories that are different from men in the same situation. In this paper, we present the results of a longitudinal study on the situation, needs, characteristics, and process of change among women in a homeless situation in Madrid (Spain). This study involved 136 homeless women who were spending the night at shelters, drop-in centers, on the street, or in public spaces. Data was collected through structured interviews conducted every 6 months for a total of 3 years. Throughout that period of time approximately half of the interviewed leaves the most extreme situation of homelessness. One in four interviewees gained access to independent accommodation, although in most cases this did not mean that they were no longer in a position of residential exclusion. The logistic regression analyses performed suggested that the variables with the closest correlation to improved accommodation were: receiving stable government economic benefits, obtaining income from work, not having Spanish nationality, not having a disability and having suffered fewer stressful life events at baseline, as well as a better perceived state of health. However, with regard to access to independent accommodation, the most closely-related variables were receiving stable government economic benefits and obtaining an income from work. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

A Greener Approach for Synthesis of Quinoline-3-carboxylate Building Block and their Biological Screening

The analogs of nitrogen-based heterocycles occupy an exclusive position as a value of more than 75% of drugs approved by the FDA and currently available in the market are nitrogen-containing heterocyclic moieties. Among many N-containing heterocycles, quinolines have become important due to their variety of applications in medicinal, synthetic organic chemistry as well as in the field of industrial chemistry. Present work gives information about the green and clean synthesis using multicomponent reactions (MCRs) methods and L-proline and ammonium acetate as a catalyst for the synthesis of quinoline derivatives. Synthesized quinoline derivatives undergo spectroscopic analysis and their biological evaluation.

Symbiosis of art studies and business

The purpose of the article is devoted to the characterization of the interaction and intersection of art practices and business, the analysis of artistic activities in existing business structures, and the expansion of tools for building a new paradigm in the system of "art-business". The methodology is based on structural-functional and system analysis, statistical method, which consists in finding and studying new knowledge, interdisciplinary approach, which involves the study of issues in the interaction of art practices and existing business systems. The scientific novelty of the work is that for the first time a practical study was conducted on the impact of art practices on the business structure and analyzed the artistic properties that can form new economic and artistic values and interests. Conclusions. The issue of interaction between art and business is quite new and is just beginning to develop. However, the existing stereotypes that art and business are mutually exclusive positions have already begun to shift and outline new spaces for their interaction. Art in modern society is trying to return to a secularized space because it has properties that are able to strengthen and transform the modern business system, which in global consequences may be reflected in improving the economic condition of Ukraine. Also, a deep and meaningful look at art practices once again convinces the effectiveness not only in the aesthetic and artistic context but also reveals its pragmatic and applied potential in business. Key words: art history practices, interaction, business systems, symbiosis, corporate culture.