Excision Wound In Rats Research Articles

Assessment of Wound Healing Potential of Simvastatin Emulgel in Rat Excision Wound Model

Background: Microorganisms can infect wounds and disrupt healing by causing inflammation and tissue injury Objective: Simvastatin (SIM) is reported to have antibacterial activity; therefore, this research is designed to evaluate the efficacy of simvastatin emulgel in wound healing. Methods: The simvastatin emulgel was assessed for physical appearance, rheological behaviour, spreadability, pH, ex vivo drug release and in vivo activity. The wound-healing activity was assessed by percent wound contraction, hydroxyproline estimation and histopathological evidence in wound-induced albino rats. Results: The simvastatin emulgel exhibited viscosity and spreadability of 6875 ± 531.21 mPa.s and 10.15 ± 0.31 g.cm/sec, respectively. The simvastatin emulgel exhibited wound contraction in wound healing studies compared to the reference product (p < 0.05). This activity was statistically significant (p < 0.05) in comparison to the control. The hydroxyproline content supported the wound-healing promoting effect of simvastatin emulgel, and marked improvements in the skin histological architecture were seen in the histopathological study. Conclusion: The study manifested the promising potential of simvastatin emulgel in speeding the healing of rat wounds with epithelization. Therefore, the designed simvastatin emulgel can be used as an option for the conventional topical dosage form.

Wound healing activity of hydromethanolic Dioscorea bulbifera extract on male wistar rat excision wound models

IntroductionWound healing is a complex physiological process that involves a series of coordinated events that recover structural and functional tissue integrity. The desire to promote nature-based solutions has led to the screening of various plants and herbs for their wound healing potentials with results showing the enhancement of various aspects of the wound healing process. Dioscorea bulbifera possesses a wide range of applications in folk remedies. In traditional Chinese medicine, it is used in the treatment of mumps, goitre, sore throat, gastric cancer and carcinoma of the rectum alone or in combination with other plants. The present study evaluated the effect of hydromethanolic extract of Dioscorea bulbifera (HEDB) on wound size, percentage of wound contraction and tissue hydroxyproline in male Wistar rat excision wound models. MethodsTwenty-five (25) male Wistar rats (180–200 g) were used for the study. They were divided into five (5) groups comprising five (5) animals per group. A circular excision wound (1.5–2 cm) was experimentally induced in each animal following ketamine anaesthesia. Groups I and II served as negative and positive controls and were treated with topical administration of distilled water and petroleum jelly respectively. Groups III, IV and V served as the experimental groups and were treated with 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg of HEDB topically. The diameter of the wound was measured and the wound area and percentage of wound contraction were calculated. Tissue hydroxyproline was determined using tissue excised from the healed portion of the dorsal surface of the animals via coulometric standard procedures. ResultsData from the study indicates that animals in the experimental groups (III, IV and V) had an earlier wound closure compared to the control. Animals treated with 200 mg/kg HEDB (Group III) showed complete wound closure by day 17, whereas animals treated with 400 mg/kg (Group IV) and 800 mg/kg HEDB (Group V) groups achieved complete wound closure by the 18th and 20th day of the experiment respectively. Similarly, all the animals in the experimental groups had significantly increased percentage of wound contraction compared to negative control (P < 0.05). Tissue hydroxyproline was significantly raised amongst the animals treated with 200 and 800 mg/kgHEDB compared to the negative control (p < 0.05). DiscussionEvidence from the study has shown that HEDB possesses potent wound healing activity as the present study has demonstrated that it reduced wound area, and increased wound contraction and tissue hydroxyproline on experimentally induced excision wound male Wistar rat models. These findings provide scientific evidence that validates the traditional medicinal application of Dioscorea bulbifera in promoting wound healing.

In Vivo Wound-Healing Efficacy of Insulin-Loaded Strontium-Cross-Linked Alginate-Based Hydrogels in Diabetic Rats.

The wound-healing effect of insulin is well studied and reported. However, prolonged topical application of insulin without compromising its biological activity is still a challenge. In this study, the effect of topically delivered insulin on promoting wound healing in diabetic animals was evaluated. Alginate diamine PEG-g-poly(PEGMA) (ADPM2S2) was the material used for the topical delivery of insulin. ADPM2S2 hydrogels release insulin and strontium ions, and they synergistically act to regulate different phases of wound healing. Insulin was released from the ADPM2S2 hydrogel for a period of 48 h, maintaining its structural stability and biological activity. In vitro studies were performed under high-glucose conditions to evaluate the wound-healing potential of insulin. Insulin-loaded ADPM2S2 hydrogels showed significant improvement in cell migration, proliferation, and collagen deposition, compared to control cells under high-glucose conditions. Immunostaining studies in L929 cells showed a reduction in phospho Akt expression under high-glucose conditions, and in the presence of insulin, the expression increased. The gene expression studies revealed that insulin plays an important role in regulating the inflammatory phase and macrophage polarization, which favors accelerated wound closure. In vivo experiments in diabetic rat excision wounds treated with insulin-loaded ADPM2S2 showed 95% wound closure within 14 days compared with 82% in control groups. Thus, both the in vitro and in vivo results signify the therapeutic potential of topically delivered insulin in wound management under high-glucose conditions.

Proteins extracted from pearl oyster (Pinctada martensii) with efficient accelerated wound healing in vitro through promoting cell proliferation, migration, and collagen formation

Ethnopharmacological relevancePearl oyster (Pinctada martensii) is used in Chinese traditional medicine use in photoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and wound treatment.Aim of the study: This study explored whether the mucus protein of Pearl oyster (protein of Pinctada martensii, PMP) affects human skin fibroblast (HSF) proliferation, migration, collagen-related gene expression related to collagen formation, and in vivo healing effects. Materials and methodsThe PMP component was analyzed by LC-MS/MS. The cell viability was evaluated using a CCK-8 kit. The expression genes were measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. A full-thickness excisional wounding model in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats was used to test the repairing effect of PMP in vivo, and Hematoxylin-Eosin (H&E) and Masson's Trichrome staining were applied to evaluate skin structure. ResultsThe components of PMP were identified using LC-MS/MS proteomics, and a total of 3023 proteins were detected. The results of PMP-treated HSF showed that PMP effectively promoted cell proliferation by 1.6-fold and cell migration by 1.5-fold at a concentration of 1 mg/mL. Additionally, PMP treatment up-regulated the expression levels of collagen-related genes COL1A1, COL3A1, and MMP-1 in fibroblasts. Furthermore, PMP was applied in the therapy of full-thickness excisional wounds in rats. The results demonstrated that PMP significantly accelerated wound healing time, resulted in the recovery of dermal and epithelial thickness, and stimulated collagen regeneration. The regenerated skin closely resembled the structure of normal skin. ConclusionsThese findings provide solid evidence supporting the potential of PMP as a promising candidate for the treatment of skin wounds.

Anti-inflammatory and healing effect of the polysaccharidic extract of Opuntia ficus-indica cladodes in cutaneous excisional wounds in rats.

This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory and wound healing effects of the polysaccharide extract from Opuntia ficus-indica cladodes (TPL-Ofi) using a rat cutaneous wound model. After anaesthesia, four 7-mm-diameter dorsal wounds per animal (n = 6/group for each experimental day of evaluation) were created in female Wistar rats using a surgical punch. The animals were treated topically twice daily with TPL-Ofi (0.01-1%; treated group) or sterile saline (control group) for a period of 21 days. Ulcerated tissue was collected for analysis of histological parameters (inflammation score, number of polymorphonuclear, mononuclear, fibroblast/myofibroblasts and blood vessels), immunohistochemical (fibroblast growth factor 2 [FGF-2]) and oxidative stress markers (myeloperoxidase [MPO] and glutathione [GSH]). After 21 days of treatment, body weight, net organ weight and plasma biochemical levels were measured. TPL-Ofi, containing a total carbohydrate content of 65.5% and uronic acid at 2.8%, reduced oedema on the second day and increased the nociceptive threshold on the second and third days. TPL-Ofi reduced mononuclear infiltrate on the second and MPO activity on the fifth day. TPL-Ofi increased GSH levels on the second day, as well as fibroblast/myofibroblasts counts, neoangiogenesis and FGF-2 levels on the fifth and seventh days. No changes were observed in body weight, net organ weight or toxicology assessment. Topical application of TPL-Ofi exhibited anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects, ultimately improving wound healing in cutaneous wounds.

The Effect of Topical Gel Secretome Hypoxia Mesenchymal Stem Cells (SH-MSCs) on TGF-Β and IL-6 Gene Expression in Wistar Rats Excision Wound Models

Wounds on the skin result in damage to the epithelial tissue and skin structure, hampering wound healing and causing acute wounds to become chronic. Secretome Hypoxia Mesenchymal Stem Cells are capable of secretes cytokines and growth factors, including TGF-β which are useful for wound healing. IL-6 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that is produced in infectious lesions and is also important in wound closure. The aim of the research was to prove the effect of topical SH-MSCs gel on TGF-β and IL-6 gene expression in male Wistar rats with an excision wound model. This study aims to prove the effect of topical gel administration secretome Hypoxia Mesenchymal Stem Cell (SH-MSCs) on TGF-β and IL-6 gene expression in male Wistar rats with an excision wound model. This study is Experimental research with Post-test Only Control Group Design. The number of samples was 18 male Wistar rats with the excision wound model divided into three groups, Group I (K-) was given a basic gel placebo, Group 2 (K+) was given a Clobetasol dose of 0.25g/kg, and Group 3 (P1) was given SH-MSCs gel at a dose of 400 μl/kg BW, treatment for 5 days, on day 6 the skin tissue was examined by RT-PCR to see the expression of the TGF-β and IL-6 genes analyzed by One Way Anova test, continued by Post Hoc LSD test. The average TGF-β gene expression in the P1 group was the highest (1.38) and the mean IL-6 gene expression in the P1 group was the lowest (0.72). One Way Anova test result showed a significant difference in TGF-β gene expression with a value of p=0.056 (p&lt;0.05) and IL-6 p=0.47 (p&lt;0.05). Post Hoc LSD test result on TGF-β gene expression shows that administration of 400μl/kg BW SH-MSCs can increase TGF-β gene expression and reduce IL-6 expression in Wistar rats with an excision wound model. The administration of topical gel SH-MSCs dose of 400 μl/kg BW was proven to significantly increase TGF-β levels in male Wistar rat excision wound model. The administration of topical SH MSCs dose of 400 μl/kg BW can reduce IL-6 levels in male Wistar rat excision wound models.

Development of a membrane and a bilayer of chitosan, gelatin, and polyhydroxybutyrate to be used as wound dressing for the regeneration of rat excisional wounds.

The skin is the largest organ in the human body that acts as a protective barrier from the outside environment. Certain dermatological pathologies or significant skin lesions can result in serious complications. Several studies have focused on the development of tissue-engineered skin substitutes. In this study, a new bilayer scaffold composed of a chitosan-gelatin membrane and a chitosan-polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) porous matrix was synthesized and populated with human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hASCs) to be potentially used for wound dressing applications. By combining this membrane and porous matrix with the stem cells, we aimed to provide immunomodulation and differentiation capabilities for the wound environment, as well as mechanical strength and biocompatibility for the underlying tissue. The membrane was prepared from the mixture of chitosan and gelatin in a 2:1 ratio and the porous matrix was prepared from the mixture of chitosan and PHB, in equal proportions to form a final solution at 2.5% (m/v). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis showed the formation of blends, and micro-computed tomography, scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy images demonstrated membrane roughness and matrix porosity. The MTT assay showed that the scaffolds were biocompatible with hASC. The membrane and the bilayer were used as dressing and support for cell migration in the dorsal excisional wound model in Wistar rats. Histological and gene transcriptional analyses showed that the animals that received the scaffolds regenerated the hair follicles in the deep dermis in the central region of the wound. Our results demonstrate the potential of these new biomaterials as dressings in wound healing studies, favoring tissue regeneration.

Polyacrylic acid/ polyvinylpyrrolidone hydrogel wound dressing containing zinc oxide nanoparticles promote wound healing in a rat model of excision injury

Developing and designing efficient wound dressings have gained increasing attention and shown beneficial results in improved wound healing effects. This study was conducted to improve wound healing properties and introduce a novel potential wound dressing. A novel hydrogel based on polyvinylpyrrolidone/poly acrylic acid containing Zinc oxide nanoparticles was prepared as an antibacterial wound dressing and examined in a rat excisional wound model. This hydrogel prepared by free radical polymerization using potassium persulfate (KPS) as an initiator, N, N-methylene bisacrylamide (MBA) as a cross-linker, poly acrylic acid (PAA) as a monomer in the presence of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs). Analyses such as Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), and Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) were used to study morphology structure. After choosing the optimal sample, in vivo characterization of excisional wound injury on a rat model was done. The healing rate and histological analysis were calculated and compared among the groups. The therapeutic potential of the PAA-PVP-ZnO-%2 was investigated in a rat model of excisional injury compared to the control group. Results showed that the polyacrylic acid/polyvinylpyrrolidone hydrogel wound dressing containing zinc oxide nanoparticles accelerated wound contraction, had antibacterial effects, and promoted wound healing compared to other groups.

Antibacterial Activity of Selected Medicinal Plants and Therapeutic Potential of Bridelia micrantha on Excision Wound Infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Rat

Bridelia micrantha (Hochst.) Baill (Euphorbiaceae) and Smilax krausiana Meisn. (Smilaceae) are traditionally used in tropical Africa to treat various diseases including infectious diseases, stomach pains, skin diseases and wounds. The study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of Bridelia micrantha (Hochst.) Baill (Euphorbiaceae) and Smilax krausiana Meisn. (Smilaceae) extracts and the healing potential of the most active extract in a rat excision wound model infected by Pseudomanas aeruginosa. The crude extracts were prepared by maceration in ethanol. Phytochemical analysis was performed using standard methods. Antibacterial activities of extracts alone and the combinations of extracts with amoxicillin as well as the effect of osmotic stress on their activities were determined by the broth microdilution method against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The therapeutic effect of the B. micrantha extract ointment was evaluated in a rat excision wound model infected by P. aeruginosa. Skin and eye toxicity tests were performed using the Draize method. The ethanol extract of B. micrantha (MIC = 512 - 1024 µg/ml) displayed the largest antibacterial activity compared with that of S. krausiana (MIC = 512 - 2048 µg/ml). The antibacterial activities of plant extracts and amoxicillin increased under osmotic stress conditions ((2.5% and 5% NaCl). B. micrantha extract showed indifference and antagonism effects with amoxicillin against the tested bacteria. The B. micrantha extract ointment yielded the shortest epithelization times, highest wound contraction rates and lowest numbers of colony forming units of P. aeruginosa at the infection site as compared with the standard drug (Baneocin) and blank (palm kernel oil). The antibacterial and wound healing effects observed may be attributed to the presence of polyphenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins, alkaloids, triterpenes, saponines and tannins found in the test plants. The results of this study clearly demonstrate the antibacterial activity of B. micrantha and S. krausiana as well as the wound healing potential of B. micrantha.

Antibacterial and Wound Healing Properties of Selected Cameroonian Medicinal Plants

Emilia coccinea (Sims.) G. Don. (Asteraceae), Erigeron floribundus (Kunth) Sch. Bip. (Asteraceae) and Hibiscus asper Hook.f. (Malvaceae) are used ethnomedicinally in tropical region of Africa to treat various diseases including infectious diseases, abscesses, skin diseases and wounds. The study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of E. coccinea, H. asper and E. floribundus extracts and the healing efficiency of the most active extract in a rat excision wound model infected by Staphylococcus aureus. The plant extracts were prepared by maceration in ethanol. Secondary metabolites were detected in the extracts by using standard methods. Antibacterial activities of extracts alone and the combinations of extracts with amoxicillin as well as the effect of osmotic stress on their activities were determined against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus by using broth micro dilution method. The therapeutic effect of the E. coccinea extract was evaluated in a rat excision wound model infected by S. aureus. E. coccinea extract (MIC = 256 - 512 µg/ml) displayed the largest antibacterial activities followed in decreasing order by the extracts of E. floribundus flowers and leaves (MIC = 256 - 1024 µg/ml), E. floribundus roots (MIC = 512 - 1024 µg/ml) and H. asper (MIC = 1024 µg/ml). The antibacterial activities of plant extracts and amoxicillin increased under osmotic stress conditions. E. coccinea extract showed additive effect with amoxicillin against pathogenic bacteria among which multidrug resistant strains. E. coccinea extract ointment yielded the shortest epithelization times, highest wound contraction rates and lowest numbers of colony forming units of S. aureus at the infection site as compared with the standard drug (Baneocin). Interestingly, this extract ointment is non-irritating to the skin and eyes. The observed biological activities may be attributed to the presence of groups of phytochemical compounds found in the test plants. The results of the present study demonstrate the antibacterial activity of the test plants as well as the healing efficiency of the E. coccinea extract ointment. E. coccinea can be used for the development of phytomedicines to treat wounds and infectious diseases particularly those caused by the tested bacteria. So, further studies are warranted.

Comparison of freeze dried human amniotic membrane and its combination with platelet rich fibrin for the epithelial acceleration in an acute wound excision using Rattus Novergicus study model

Link of Video Abstract: https://youtu.be/FvU45HL3HyE Introduction: Human amniotic membrane and platelet rich fibrin (PRF) are biological materials that can accelerate wound healing through their content of growth factors and cytokines. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of the combination of these two biological agents for wound healing. Methods: This study used an experimental method with a randomized post-test only control group design, to compare the use of human amniotic membrane alone with a combination of human amniotic membrane and PRF in acute full thickness wounds of the skin of Wistar rats. The research subjects were 32 rats which were divided into four groups. Groups 1 and 2 used human amniotic membrane, while groups 3 and 4 used a combination of human amniotic membrane and PRF, then the epithelialization process was observed on the 3rd and 6th day. Result: There was no statistically significant difference in the speed of epithelialization of excision wounds on the backs of rats on the third day (Significance 0.498) and Sixth (Significance 0.9) between the Amnion group and the combination of amnion and PRF because it was greater than α = 0.05. Conclusion: The use of a combination of freeze dried human amniotic membrane and platelet rich fibrin was not significantly more effective than freeze dried human amniotic membrane in accelerating the epithelialization of acute full thickness excision wounds in rats (Rattus novergicus).

3D high-precision melt electro written polycaprolactone modified with yeast derived peptides for wound healing

In this study melt electro written (MEW) scaffolds of poly(ε-caprolactone) PCL are decorated with anti-inflammatory yeast-derived peptide for skin wound healing. Initially, 13 different yeast-derived peptides were screened and analyzed using both in vitro and in vivo assays.The MEW scaffolds are functionalized with the selected peptide VLSTSFPPW (VW-9) with the highest activity in reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines and stimulating fibroblast proliferation, migration, and collagen production. The peptide was conjugated to the MEW scaffolds using carbodiimide (CDI) and thiol chemistry, with and without plasma treatment, as well as by directly mixing the peptide with the polymer before printing. The MEW scaffolds modified using CDI and thiol chemistry with plasma treatment showed improved fibroblast and macrophage penetration and adhesion, as well as increased cell proliferation and superior anti-inflammatory properties, compared to the other groups. When applied to full-thickness excisional wounds in rats, the peptide-modified MEW scaffold significantly enhanced the healing process compared to controls (p < 0.05). This study provides proof of concept for using yeast-derived peptides to functionalize biomaterials for skin wound healing.

Faster and Protective Wound Healing Mechanistic of Para‐Coumaric Acid Loaded Liver ECM Scaffold Cross‐linked with Acellular Marine Kelp

AbstractDecellularized liver‐derived extracellular matrix is a unique combination of a complex milieu of growth factors and proteins that stimulate biochemical, physical, and mechanical cues to the cells. However, the lack of mechanical strength hindering the applicability of extracellular matrix (ECM) is an outstanding challenge. Herein, to deal with this problem, decellularized kelp is introduced as a crosslinking material thereby strengthening the physical structure of ECM for its utilization as a wound‐healing material. Consequently, a significant architectural change is observed in the ECM by forming a solid‐shaped scaffold. Nevertheless, the hindrance of high pH is addressed by incorporating the acidic drug p‐coumaric acid. To evaluate the innate regenerative abilities, the scaffolds are applied to rat excisional wounds. A remarkable wound healing capability is demonstrated by both the EK scaffolds, but a faster regeneration is achieved with only EK‐20@cou. The speculated hypothesis is that the incorporation of p‐coumaric acid can offer many additional bioactive benefits to the scaffold such as remarkable biocompatibility, antioxidant, and anti‐bacterial properties that are deliberately supported by the in vitro results. In silico molecular simulations (MS) validated that p‐Cou released from the EK‐20@Cou scaffold is accountable for the observed extraordinary regenerative behavior as compared to EK‐20(PW).

Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles from Aqueous Extract of Tinospora crispa Stems Accelerate Wound Healing in Rats.

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Partial healing effects of St. John’s wort oil on the rat excisional wound model

Objective: St. John’s wort (SJW) oil (Hypericum perforatum) has been used for its immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects. Several studies have shown the efficacy of SJW on wound healing. The aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness of SJW using a combination of biochemical, histopathological and laser Doppler evaluations. Materials and Methods: Sixteen young Wistar albino rats were used as case and control groups (having 8 in each group). After anesthesia protocol, 6 mm punch biopsy was taken from six separate sites on the rats’ dorsal skin. Three wounds were stitched (closed wounds); three wounds were left as they were (open wounds). SJW oil was administered topically to case group once a day for 14 days. Controls did not receive any treatment. Results: There was no statistical difference in blood perfusion between the groups. No statistical difference was present between the groups in GPx (glutathione peroxidase)values. Rat MDA (malonyldialdehyde) values were higher in the case group compared to the control group. SJW oil was found to be beneficial and effective within some histological parameters. Conclusion: SJW may be an effective salve within some parameters. Nevertheless, this judgment is uncertain due to the low sample size. We encourage further studies on this promising natural medicine.

Studying the Formulation of Shallot (Allium Ascalonicum L.) Ethanol Extract Gel as Treatment of Excision Wounds in Rats

Onion bulbs (Allium ascalonicum L.) contain alkaloid compounds and saponins which can accelerate the wound healing process. Therefore, a study was conducted on the wound healing effect of excision of ethanol extract of onion bulbs (Allium ascalonicum L.) in the form of a gel against mice (Rattus novergicus). The purpose of this research was to study the stability of the preparation as well as the effectiveness and optimum concentration in excision wound healing from the ethanolic extract of shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) in gel dosage form. The concentration variants used were 5%, 10%, and 20%. The method used was sample extraction by maceration and wound gel was made in 3 concentrations, namely 5%, 10%, and 20% then a stability test was carried out on the preparation by cycling test method at 4⁰C and 40⁰C for 6 cycles. Besides that, gel base was also used as a negative control and octadine® gel as a positive control, then the back skin of a rat (Rattus novergicus) was injured using a surgical knife. The results of the observation of the stability of the wound gel preparation were stable both at 4⁰C and at 40⁰C. Reduction of the length of the wound at the beginning of the treatment until the wound was completely closed showed that the ethanol extract gel preparation of shallot bulbs (Allium ascalonicum L.) could reduce and heal cuts in rats with a concentration of 20% which showed the most effective wound healing effect.Onion bulbs (Allium ascalonicum L.) contain alkaloid compounds and saponins which can accelerate the wound healing process. Therefore, a study was conducted on the wound healing effect of excision of ethanol extract of onion bulbs (Allium ascalonicum L.) in the form of a gel against mice (Rattus novergicus). The purpose of this research was to study the stability of the preparation as well as the effectiveness and optimum concentration in excision wound healing from the ethanolic extract of shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) in gel dosage form. The concentration variants used were 5%, 10%, and 20%. The method used was sample extraction by maceration and wound gel was made in 3 concentrations, namely 5%, 10%, and 20% then a stability test was carried out on the preparation by cycling test method at 4⁰C and 40⁰C for 6 cycles. Besides that, gel base was also used as a negative control and octadine® gel as a positive control, then the back skin of a rat (Rattus novergicus) was injured using a surgical knife. The results of the observation of the stability of the wound gel preparation were stable both at 4⁰C and at 40⁰C. Reduction of the length of the wound at the beginning of the treatment until the wound was completely closed showed that the ethanol extract gel preparation of shallot bulbs (Allium ascalonicum L.) could reduce and heal cuts in rats with a concentration of 20% which showed the most effective wound healing effect.

Characterization of Polyphenolic Compounds from Bacopa procumbens and Their Effects on Wound-Healing Process.

Wounds represent a medical problem that contributes importantly to patient morbidity and to healthcare costs in several pathologies. In Hidalgo, Mexico, the Bacopa procumbens plant has been traditionally used for wound-healing care for several generations; in vitro and in vivo experiments were designed to evaluate the effects of bioactive compounds obtained from a B. procumbens aqueous fraction and to determine the key pathways involved in wound regeneration. Bioactive compounds were characterized by HPLC/QTOF-MS, and proliferation, migration, adhesion, and differentiation studies were conducted on NIH/3T3 fibroblasts. Polyphenolic compounds from Bacopa procumbens (PB) regulated proliferation and cell adhesion; enhanced migration, reducing the artificial scratch area; and modulated cell differentiation. PB compounds were included in a hydrogel for topical administration in a rat excision wound model. Histological, histochemical, and mechanical analyses showed that PB treatment accelerates wound closure in at least 48 h and reduces inflammation, increasing cell proliferation and deposition and organization of collagen at earlier times. These changes resulted in the formation of a scar with better tensile properties. Immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR molecular analyses demonstrated that treatment induces (i) overexpression of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and (ii) the phosphorylation of Smad2/3 and ERK1/2, suggesting the central role of some PB compounds to enhance wound healing, modulating TGF-β activation.

Wound Healing Properties and Antimicrobial Effects of Parkia clappertoniana Keay Fruit Husk Extract in a Rat Excisional Wound Model.

Background Parkia clappertoniana Keay (Family: Fabaceae) (P. clappertoniana) fruit husk is commonly used in northern Ghana for wound treatment. However, this folk claim remains to be confirmed scientifically. Objective This study investigated wound healing and antimicrobial effects of P. clappertoniana fruit husk extract (PCFHE) by using excision wound model in rats. Materials and Methods After preparation and phytochemical analysis of PCFHE, it was reconstituted in purified water and emulsifying ointment yielding a wound healing formula (0.3, 1, and 3%). Excision wounds were established in healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats (aged 8-10 weeks; weighing 150–200 g). Rats were randomly assigned into six groups (model, 1% silver sulfadiazine [SSD], vehicle, and PCFHE [0.3, 1, and 3%, respectively]) and topically treated daily until complete wound healing. The endpoints (period of epithelialization, wound contraction, collagen content, erythema index, oedema index, inflammatory cell infiltration, and antimicrobial activity) were assessed for all groups. Minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC), minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and time-kill were assessed. Results Quercetin and catechin were detected in PCFHE. Compared to model and vehicle groups, PCFHE-treatment groups improved wound healing and antimicrobial (MBC, MFC, and MIC) endpoints. PCFHE demonstrated bacteriostatic and fungicidal effects against identified wound contaminants (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans). Conclusion P. clappertoniana fruit husk possesses wound healing and antimicrobial effects in excisional wounds in rats that confirms its folk use, and the reported pharmacological properties of PCFHE are attributable to its quercetin and catechin phyto-constituents.

Evaluation of wound healing effect of colostrum and curcumin cream in rat excision wound model

Background: Proper wound healing is very crucial for the reconstruction of injured tissues. Compared to the conventional dressings, currently there are many novel biological wound dressings and healing agents containing colostrum which has many advantages. Aim &amp; Objective: This experimental study was done to evaluate the effect of colostrum and curcumin cream dressing and compare it with that of conventional Povidone iodine dressing. Methods: The rats were anesthetized and excision wounds were created. Wounds were then measured with a standard measuring scale on the day of wounding and then subsequently at a time interval of 4 days till day 20, then on alternate days. After tracing the wound area was treated with the Test and Standard drugs on Day 1,4,8,12,16 and 20. The data was then analysed using Chi square, one-way ANOVA and two tailed t test using Graph pad prism software version 5.0. Results: Efficacy of Colostrum 10% &amp;Curcumin 1% cream (test) was equal to that of povidone iodine 10% (standard) cream with respect to wound contraction and wound healing. But, with respect to the rate of wound healing, Colostrum 10% &amp; Curcumin 1% cream treated group was better compared to the povidone iodine 10% cream treated group. Conclusion: Colostrum plus Curcumin cream has shown a better wound healing at a short time span in excisional wound model in rats, when compared to the conventional povidone iodine cream. Thus, the Colostrum plus curcumin cream appear to be an economical and safe alternative to costly therapies like growth factors for wound healing

Influence of the Oil Phase on the Wound Healing Activity of Sea Cucumber Extract-Based Cream Formulations

Sea cucumbers are attractive marine natural sources as they are enriched with functional biomaterials that can contribute in accelerating wound healing. The present study was carried out to prepare cream formulations comprising extract of sea cucumber with different type of oil phase, namely F1 (olive oil), F2 (tea tree oil) and F3 (lemongrass oil) to assess the influence of the oil on the physicochemical properties and the wound healing efficacy of the creams. The formulated creams showed satisfactory physicochemical characteristics such as homogeneity, spreadability, rheology, pH, and showed no evidence of phase separation even when the creams were kept at extreme conditions. The ex vivorelease profile of sea cucumber extract from the formulated creams was determined by using a Franz diffusion cells. F3 demonstrated a constant and yield the highest release percentage of sea cucumber extract, followed by F2 and F1. Topical application of the formulated creams on the excision wound in rats showed a significant wound healing efficacy compared to the control group. Among the creams formulation, F1 demonstrated a significantly higher rate of wound closure compared to F2, F3, and positive control. The wound healing efficacy of the formulated creams were not dependent on the ability of the oils in promoting skin permeation for the release of sea cucumber extract. This study depicted that lemongrass oil acted as a good skin permeation enhancer for the release of sea cucumber extract while olive oil worked in a more synergistic manner with sea cucumber extract in promoting wound healing.