Excess Free Length Research Articles

Investigation of acoustical excess parameters and FTIR studies for binary liquid mixtures of tetrachloroethylene and cyclopentanone at different temperatures.

Abstract Speed of sound (U), Density (ρ), and viscosity (η) values of liquid mixtures of Tetrachloroethylene with Cyclopentanone and pure liquids were determined at regular intervals of molar range at different temperatures (303.15, 308.15, 313.15, 318.15) K. From the experimentally determined values, thermo-acoustic parameters such as excess molar volume (VE) and excess free length (Lf E), excess Gibb’s free energy (ΔGE) and excess enthalpy (HE) have been estimated. The variations of the above parameters discussed based on intermolecular interactions existing in this binary mixture. The computed values of sound speed in the mixture from various theories are compared with experimentally calculated values and have a clear check to validate the theories for the present system, and FTIR studies provide detailed analysis of molecular interactions.

Studying of Acoustical Parameters of Some Binary Liquid Mixture at 303.15 K and 3 M. Hz

The ultrasonic velocity, density and viscosity of 1,4- dioxane with alkanols systems have been measured experimentally at 303.15 K over the frequency 3 M. Hz. From these three values, we have calculated thermodynamic and excess thermodynamic parameters such as adiabatic compressibility, deviation in adiabatic compressibility, molar volume excess molar volume, free length, excess free length, Viscosity, deviation in viscosity, internal pressure ,excess internal pressure, acoustic impedance, excess acoustic impedance, excess sound velocity, Rao,s constant, Wada constant, relaxation time and relaxation strength of binary liquid mixture to interpret the nature of the interactions taking place in the binary liquid mixtures. The results analyzed in the sight of molecular interaction between the components. The interaction resulting in the interstitial accommodation of 1, 4- dioxane into alkanols are the predominant factor over dipole-dipole interaction.

Thermodynamics of ternary mixtures of oxygenated fuel: Diisopropyl ether + ethanol + n-octane

Depleting conventional fossil fuels and growing greenhouse gases have fascinated the researcher’s heed for the use of green and clean fuels. Thereby, such fuels can be obtained by blending gasoline with the oxygenated fuel additives to reduce the toxic gaseous emissions and enhance the fuel efficiency in the motor engine. In this regard, various thermodynamic properties like densities (ρ), speeds of sound (u) and refractive indices (nD) of the ternary mixture of diisopropyl ether (1) + ethanol (2) + n-octane (3) were experimentally measured at different temperatures (298.15 K to 318.15 K) and at 0.1 MPa. The excess molar volume (VmE), deviation in sound speed (Δu), excess isentropic compressibility (κsE), excess available volume (VaE), excess free length (LfE) and refractive index deviation were evaluated using their corresponding experimental data. Different correlations and analytical rules have been used for conceptual assessment of speed of sound and refractive index of mixtures. The effect of temperature on the above stated thermodynamics properties has also been investigated.

Molecular interaction between ester with ethanol at different temperature using ultrasonic technique

In this work, thermodynamic and acoustic properties of binary liquid mixtures of ethyl propionate with ethanol are determined at various temperatures and under ambient pressure. Experimental ultrasonic velocity, density, and viscosity of binary mixtures were measured at different temperatures of 308 K, 313 K, 318 K, 323 K, 328 K, and 333 K. Acoustical parameters such as acoustic impedance (Z), adiabatic compressibility (βa), Intermolecular free length (Lf), relaxation time (τ), internal pressure (π), and thermodynamic parameters like Gibb’s free energy (ΔG) and enthalpy (H) have been computed from the above primary parameters. The excess free length (LfE), excess internal pressure (πE) and excess enthalpy (HE) were derived using experimental data. Negative excess values are obtained for the binary system (ethyl propionate + ethanol). The non-linear variations are found for the thermo -acoustic parameters which imply the presence of complex formation in the binary system. The obtained results have been discussed in detail.

Study of molecular interactions between 2-methyl 1-propanol and m-substituted aniline at various temperatures (thermodynamic and acoustic properties)

ABSTRACT Excess molar volumes (V E), excess acoustic impedance (Z E), excess isentropic compressibility (κ s E), deviation in viscosity (Δη), excess Gibbs energy of activation of viscous flow (G *E), excess free length (L f E), excess enthalpy (H E) and excess speed of sound (U E) for binary mixtures of 2-methyl-1-propanol with meta-substituted aniline (3-chloroaniline, 3-methoxyaniline and 3-methylaniline) at selected compositions were determined from the measured values of densities (ρ), viscosities (η) and speeds of sound (u) of pure components and their mixtures in range of 303.15–313.15 K. The results are analysed in terms of interactions arising due to the formation of complex hydrogen bond electron in the binary mixtures. Different theoretical models were applied to check the applicability to the present values of speed of sound and viscosity. Finally, the Prigogine–Flory–Patterson theory is applied to identify the most predominant molecular interaction.

Density and Ultrasonic Study of Benzene Sulphonyl Chloride with Hydrocarbon at 303.15 K.

Experimental values of Ultrasonic velocity and density for the binary mixture of Benzene Sulphonyl Chloride with Hydrocarbons have been measured at 303.15 K over the entire mole fraction range, using these data the excess Adiabatic compressibility (βsE) and excess Free length (Lf E) have been calculated. These parameter were used to study the nature and extent of intermolecular interaction between component molecules, present in binary mixture. excess value of Adiabatic compressibility (βsE), sound velocity (UE ) and free length(Lf E) were plotted against the mole fraction of Benzene Sulphonyl Chloride over the whole composition range the value of βsE, UE, Lf E for these three binary mixture have been found to be negative, the non linear variation of these parameter show the presence of interaction and their excess value is indicative of interaction between the components molecule in all system.

Study on Interaction Capabilities of Ternary Liquid Mixtures by Thermodynamic Parameters at 308.15 K

Thermodynamic properties provide a deep and significant insight of the various interactions taking place multi component liquid mixtures especially in the field of petrochemical and reservoir engineering. The density, viscosity and ultrasonic velocity were measured experimentally for diethylmalonate (DEM) +1,4-dioxane with nitrobenzene (TM-1) and diethylmalonate (DEM) +1,4-dioxane + toluene (TM-2) at the temperature of 308.15K and atmospheric pressure over the entire range of mole fraction. The excess thermodynamic properties such as excess volume (VE), excess adiabatic compressibility (ΔKs), excess viscosity (Δɳ), excess free volume (ΔVF), excess free length (ΔLF), excess isothermal compressibility (ΔβΤ), were calculated from measured values and applied to Redlich - Kister polynomial equation to determine the appropriate coefficients. The excess or deviation properties were found to be either negative or positive depending on the molecular interactions and the nature of liquid mixtures. The deviations of the ternary mixtures from its ideal behaviour were determined in order to investigate the molecular interaction between the components of ternary liquid mixtures.

THERMO PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF TERNARY MIXTURES OF 1-HEXANOL/1- OCTANOL CONTAINING N-N-DIMETHYLFORMAMIDE AND TOLUENE AT 303.15 K

In the present work, ultrasonic velocity (u), viscosity (η) and density (ρ) of ternary mixtures of 1-hexonal and 1-octanol with dimethylformamide in toluene at 303.15 K have been measured over the entire composition range. From the experimental data, acoustical parameters such as adiabatic compressibility (β), intermolecular free length (L ), free volume (V ), acoustic impedance (Z), excess adiabatic compressibility , excess free length , excess free f f E E (b ) (L )f volume and excess acoustic impedance have been computed. The variation of these properties with composition are E E (V ) (Z ) f discussed in terms of molecular interactions between unlike molecules of the mixtures.

Intermolecular Interaction Studies of Brompheniramine with 1-Propanol at 303 K, 308 K and 313 K

A binary liquid mixture of brompheniramine and 1-propanol has been prepared. Various parameters such as viscosity (η), density (ρ), and ultrasonic velocity (U) are measured at 303 K, 308 K and 313 K. Using these experimental data, adiabatic compressibility (β), free length (Lf), free volume (Vf), viscous relaxation time (τ) and Gibbs free energy (ΔG) are calculated. Furthermore, excess molar volume (VmE), excess viscosity (ηE), excess sound velocity (UE), excess adiabatic compressibility (βE), excess free length (LfE), excess free volume (VfE), excess viscous relaxation time (τE) and excess Gibbs free energy (ΔGE) are also deduced. Deviations of these parameters from the ideal values are interpreted in terms of intermolecular interactions. The Redlich–Kister polynomial coefficients and standard deviations have been calculated by using those excess parameters. These observations confirm that the presence of intermolecular interactions in the liquid mixtures. Consequently, the strength of the interaction is found in the order of 303 K > 308 K > 313 K.

Ultrasonic studies on ternary liquid mixtures of some 1-alkanols with meta methoxy phenol and n hexane at 313 K

Abstract The thermo-physical parameters like density (ρ), ultrasonic velocity (U) and viscosity (η) have been experimentally measured for the Ternary Liquid Mixtures of Meta Methoxy Phenol (MMP) in n Hexane with 1 alkanols such as 1 propanol or 1 butanol or 1 pentanol at constant temperature 313 K and fixed frequency of 2 MHz. The thermodynamic and acoustical parameters such as adiabatic compressibility(β), absorption coefficient (α/f2), internal pressure(πi), cohesive energy(CE), free volume(Vf), free length(Lf), acoustic impedance(z), available volume(Va), viscous relaxation time, ∆G value, Lenard Jones potential, Degree of intermolecular interaction(χ) and K value were calculated from the experimental data. The various excess properties including excess acoustic impedance(ZE), excess free length(Lf)E, excess adiabatic compressibility(βE), excess free volume(VfE), excess ultrasonic velocity (UE) and excess internal pressure(πiE) were also computed from the calculated values. The values of UE, ZE, and LfE for each mixture have been fitted to the Redlich –Kister polynomial equation. The variation of these parameters with respect to different concentration at constant temperature for the three systems namely MMP+ 1 Propanol+n Hexane, MMP+ 1 Butanol+n Hexane and MMP+ 1 Pentanol+n Hexane have been discussed in the light of molecular interaction. Further, theoretical studies like Van Dael Ideal Mixing Relation, Impedance Dependant Relation, Junjie's and Nomoto's relation are validated with respect to experimental velocities at 313 K for all the different concentrations ranging from 0.001 M to 0.01 M of all the three systems and the Chi-square test for the goodness of fit is applied to check the validity of the theories.

Studies On Molecular Interactions In Ternary Liquid Mixture Of Ortho Methoxy Phenol And 1 Propanol In n- Hexane At Various Temperatures Using Ultrasonic Technique

The thermo-physical parameters like density (ρ), ultrasonic velocity (U) and viscosity (η) have been experimentally measured for the Ternary Liquid Mixture of Ortho Methoxy Phenol (OMP)and 1 propanol in n hexaneat different temperatures viz. 303 K, 308 K, 313 K. The thermodynamic and acoustical parameters such as adiabatic compressibility(β), Rao (R), absorption coefficient (α/f2), internal pressure(πi), cohesive energy(CE), free volume(Vf), free length(Lf), acoustic impedance(z), available volume(Va), viscous relaxation time and Lenard Jones potential were calculated from the experimental data. The various excess properties including excess Ultrasonic velocity, excess acoustic impedance, excess free length, excess adiabatic compressibility, excess free volume and excess internal pressure were also computed. The variation of these parameters with respect to concentration and temperatures have been discussed in the light of molecular interaction

Excess Acoustical Properties and Molecular Interactions in Ternary Liquid Mixtures of 3(Meta)Methoxy Phenol, 1 Propanol and n- Hexane at 303 K, 308 K & 313 K using Ultrasonic Techniques

The Ultrasonic velocity(U), density(ρ), and viscosity(η) have been measured experimentally for the ternary liquid mixtures of 3(meta) methoxy phenol(MMP), 1 propanol and n hexane at various temperatures viz., 303 K, 308 K and 313 K at constant frequency of 2 MHz. for different concentrations ranges from 0.001M to 0.01M. The thermodynamic and acoustical parameters such as adiabatic compressibility(β), Rao constant(R), absorption coefficient (α/f2 ), internal pressure(πi), cohesive energy(CE), free volume(Vf), free length(Lf), acoustic impedence(z), available volume(Va), viscous relaxation time and Lenard Jones potential were calculated from the experimental data. The various excess properties including excess Ultrasonic velocity, excess acoustic impedence, excess free length, excess adiabatic compressibility, excess free volume and excess internal pressure were also computed. The variation of these excess parameters with respect to concentration and temperatures have been discussed in the light of molecular interaction. The molecular interactions were predicted based on the results obtained for ultrasonic velocities of different concentrations of the ternary mixtures at different temperatures.

Thermo physical, optical and spectroscopic perspectives of molecular interactions in binary mixtures of Ethyl Lactate and Dimethyl Adipate at T = 303.15–318.15 K and atmospheric pressure

ABSTRACTMolecular interactions are evaluated in the binaries of Ethyl Lactate and Dimethyl Adipate using experimental values of density, ultrasonic velocity and refractive index over entire composition range as a function of temperature from 303.15 to 318.15 K at atmospheric pressure. Excess thermodynamic properties: excess molar volume, excess isentropic compressibility, excess isothermal compressibility, excess free length, excess isobaric thermal expansion coefficient, excess ultrasonic velocity and refractive index deviations are computed and fitted with Redlich-Kister polynomial equation to obtain the binary coefficients and the standard deviations. The existence of specific interactions in the mixture is revealed by excess properties, and further supported by partial molar properties. FTIR analysis ascertains the dominance of packing effect in the studied mixtures. Prediction of refractive index for the mixtures and pure components is done by several mixing rules with the estimation of relative errors. In addition, data are analysed by the Prigogine–Flory–Patterson theoretical model.

Thermophysical properties for the binary mixtures of tert-amyl methyl ether with n-hexane, cyclopentane, benzene and m-xylene at different temperatures

Densities (ρ), viscosities (η), refractive indices (nD) and speeds of sound (u) for binary mixtures of tert-amyl methyl ether (TAME) with n-hexane, cyclopentane, benzene and m-xylene were measured over entire range of composition at atmospheric pressure and several temperatures (293.15, 303.15 and 313.15K). Excess molar volume (VE), deviation in refractive index (∆nD), excess isentropic compressibility (κsE), partial molar volume (V¯), excess speed of sound (uE), excess free length (LfE), isentropic compressibility (κs) and deviation in viscosity (∆lnη) were calculated from the experimental data. The speeds of sound in present mixtures were estimated using Jacobson free length theory (FLT) and Schaffs collision factor theory (CFT) to determine the precision for their predicting ability relative to experimentally determined values of speed of sound. The viscosity data has been analyzed on the basis of corresponding states approach. A Redlich–Kister type polynomial equation was used to fit the excess/deviation parameters to derive the binary coefficients and standard deviations. A qualitative analysis of these parameters reveals the presence of specific molecular interactions and predicts the mixing behavior of solution components.

Excess thermodynamic and acoustic properties for equimolar mixtures of benzyl benzoate with 1-butanol at different temperatures

Density (), viscosity () and speed of sound (U) values for the liquid mixture of benzylbenzoate with 1-butanol including those of pure liquids were measured over the entire mole fraction range at T= 303.15 K, 308.15 K and 313.15 K. From these experimentally determined values, various thermo-acoustic parameters such as excess isentropic compressibility (KsE), excess molar volume (VE) and excess free length (LfE), excess gibb’s free energy (G∗E) and excess enthalpy (HE) have been calculated. The excess functions of excess molar volume (VE) and excess free length (LfE) have been fitted to the Redlich–Kister type polynomial equation. The deviations for excess thermo-acoustic parameters have been explained on the basis of the intermolecular interactions.

Comparative study of binary liquid mixtures containing aniline and formamide at different temperatures

The viscosity (η), ultrasonic velocity (U) and density (ρ) have been measured for the binary liquid mixtures containing aniline and formamide at 303.15 K, 308.15K and 313.15K. The experimental data have been used for a comparative study of the molecular interaction in the binary mixture using the parameters molar volume (Vm), acoustical impedance (Z), free length (Lf), enthalpy (H), internal pressure (πi), and excess values of some parameter’s such as excess isentropic compressibility (KsE), excess Enthalpy (HE), excess molar volume(VE), excess Gibb’s free energy (ΔG*E) and excess free length (LfE)explained on the basis of the intermolecular interactions present in these liquid mixtures. The excess functions have been fitted to the Redlich-Kister type polynomial equation.

Understanding the behavior of binary system contains N, N-dimethylformamide and N-methylanlinine in terms of thermo-acoustic parameters at different temperatures

Thermodynamic elementary parameters such asdensity (ρ), viscosity (η), and speed of sound(U) values of the binary mixture system containsN,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) with N-Methylaniline (NMA)and for pure liquids were calibrated over the whole combinations at different temperatures (303.15, 308.15 and 313.15) K. From these experimentaldata, various excess thermo-acoustic parameters such as excess isentropic compressibility (KsE), excess molar volume (VE) and excess free length (LfE), excess Gibb’s free energy (ΔG*E), and excess enthalpy (HE) have been calculated. The variations of these properties with composition for these binary mixtures suggest loss of dipolar association, difference in size and shape of the component molecules, dipole-dipole interactions and hydrogen bonding between unlike molecules. The excess parameters have been fitted to the Redlich-Kister polynomial equation using multi-parametric linear regression analysis to derive the binary coefficients and to estimate the standard deviation. Experimental ultrasonic velocities were correlated with various theories such as Nomoto’s relation (UNOM), Junjie’s method (UJM), Impedance relation(UIMP) and Free length theory (UFLT) at all temperatures.

Studies on liquid–liquid interactions of some ternary mixtures by density, viscosity and ultrasonic speed measurements

The density, viscosity and ultrasonic velocity have been measured for the ternary mixtures of Methyl benzoate, cyclohexane with primary alcohol (1-propanol, 1-butanol, 1-pentanol and 1-hexanol) at 303.15, 308.15 and 313.15K. From the measured values, the acoustical parameters such as adiabatic compressibility (β), free length (Lf), free volume (Vf) have been computed. The excess parameters like excess adiabatic compressibility (βE), excess free length (LfE), excess free volume (VfE) and excess internal pressure (πiE) were also calculated in order to investigate the molecular interaction between the components of liquid mixtures.

Excess Thermodynamical Studies of Dextrin with α-Amylase

Ultrasonic velocity (U), density (ρ), and viscosity (η) measurements have been carried out in three ternary mixtures of dextrin with α-amylase in aqueous medium at 298.15 K. The experimental data have been used to calculate some derived parameters such as acoustical impedance (Z), relative association (Ra), Rao’s costant (R), Wada’s constant (W), relaxation time (τ), relaxation amplitude (α/f2), relaxation strength (r), and some excess thermodynamical properties like excess adiabatic compressibility (βE), excess free length (LfE) excess free volume (VfE), excess internal pressure (πiE), and excess acoustical impedance (ZE). The above parameters have been evaluated and discussed in light of intermolecular interactions in these mixtures.

Excess Parameter Studies on Tetrahydropyran with 1-Hexanol at T = 298.15 to 318.15 K Using Anton Paar

Sound velocity, densities of binary mixture of Tetrahydropyran (THP) with 1-hexanol has been measured over the entire range of composition at T = 298.15 to 318.15 K. The excess parameters viz., excess sound velocity, deviations in isentropic compressibility, excess molar volume, excess free length and excess acoustic impedance are deduced from experimental values and discussed intermolecular interactions present in the mixture. At the end all the parameters have been fitted to Redlich-Kister equation and their coefficients are obtained.