Enzymes， as biological catalysts， have garnered significant interest due to their exceptional efficiency and specificity. However， the fragility of natural enzymes under varying temperature and pH conditions significantly restricts their broader utilization. In the past few years， noteworthy advancements have been achieved in creating biomimetic enzyme systems. Scientists have effectively designed artificial enzyme-mimicking systems that exhibit outstanding performance through the integration of various components， including small molecule compounds， deoxyribonucleic acid， and nanomaterials. These systems not only exhibit remarkable catalytic efficiency but also offer considerable benefits， such as adjustable activity， simplicity in modification， and enhanced stability and reusability. Nanomachines， as a new type of enzyme analogues， specifically refer to nanomaterials with enzyme-like catalytic functions. They have played a significant role in the development of biomimetic enzyme systems. Since the first report in 2007 that iron oxide nanoparticles have peroxidase （POD） mimicking activity， hundreds of nanomaterials have been confirmed to have catalytic activities similar to those of natural enzymes such as POD and oxidase （OXD）. These novel enzyme analogues not only exhibit a wide range of enzyme-like activities and structural similarity to natural enzymes， but also possess unique nanomaterial characteristics， making their catalytic activities controllable and stable. As effective substitutes for natural enzymes， nanomachines have been widely applied in fields such as biosensing， medical treatment， and environmental remediation. While every cutting-edge technology presents certain limitations， nanozymes are not an exception. They encounter notable challenges， especially concerning substrate selectivity， which is essential for effective targeted catalysis and widespread applicability. To address the aforementioned imitation， researchers have been investigating effective approaches to improve the catalytic selectivity of nanozymes. Primarily， two methods are utilized to achieve selective bioanalysis based on nanozyme catalysis： the first method involves merging nanozymes with biological recognition factors （such as natural enzymes， antibodies， DNA strands， and aptamers）， while the second focuses on developing nanozymes that possess intrinsic catalytic specificity through techniques like structure-mimetic design， surface modifications， or molecular imprinting. Incorporating external biological recognition elements can undermine both the stability and cost-effectiveness of nanozymes. Additionally， the methods available for the effective conjugation of nanozymes with biological components are still in their infancy. The creation of structure-mimetic nanozymes tends to be intricate and requires meticulous regulation. In contrast， a straightforward and accessible method for generating substrate recognition sites on nanozymes is the application of molecular imprinting technology （MIT）. MIT replicates interactions between enzyme substrates or antibody-antigen pairs to fabricate a cavity that is precisely shaped and sized for a particular template molecule， thus facilitating accurate molecular recognition. Due to its exceptional specificity， stability， and reproducibility， MIT is widely utilized in various fields such as biosensing， medical diagnostics， pharmaceutical assessment， sample preparation， and fluorescent detection. Moreover， the inherent advantages of molecularly imprinted polymers （MIPs）， such as their economical nature， exceptional selectivity， remarkable thermochemical resilience， and the removal of the need for biologically derived techniques， have rendered molecular imprinting a feasible strategy for mimicking the roles of natural enzymes. Natural enzymes exhibit substrate specificity primarily due to the three-dimensional structure of their active sites. These active sites are meticulously shaped to ensure a perfect match with the spatial configuration of the intended substrate. Following this concept， molecular imprinting nanoenzymes cleverly integrate molecular imprinting techniques with the properties of nanoenzymes， allowing biomimetic catalysts to retain catalytic selectivity while also demonstrating remarkable substrate specificity. This paper first summarizes the fundamental characteristics of nanozymes， then elaborates on the conventional preparation processes for molecularly imprinted nanozymes， and thoroughly explores the impact of molecular imprinting on the catalytic performance of nanozymes. Through an analysis of typical cases， the latest research advancements in molecularly imprinted nanozymes biosensing field are introduced. Finally， this paper discusses the challenges encountered and future development directions in this area， aiming to provide theoretical references and practical guidance for the application of molecular imprinting and nanozymes in biosensing.

In this study, a novel heterogeneous palladium complex stabilized on Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) was synthesized via a three-step procedure involving the functionalization of iron oxide surface with an electrophilic group (C-Cl), subsequent nucleophilic substitution reaction with 2-picolylamine, and final complexation with palladium chloride. The catalytic performance of the resulting magnetic heterostructure was then evaluated in the selective hydrogenation of nitroarenes and N-heteroarenes using NaBH4 as a reducing agent. The reactions proceeded efficiently under mild, green conditions specifically, in water at room temperature to delivering the desired aniline derivatives in good to excellent yields (81-98%) within short reaction times (25-90min). While electronic and steric factors influenced the reaction outcome, this system consistently outperformed previously reported methods in terms of both yield and reaction speed. Moreover, the catalyst exhibited exceptional stability and reusability, maintaining its structural integrity and high catalytic activity over five successive cycles without significant degradation.

ABSTRACT Plasmon‐driven ultrafast nonlinearities hold promise for advanced photonics but remain challenging to harness in two‐dimensional materials at telecommunication wavelengths. Here, we demonstrate few‐layer V 2 C MXenes as a high‐performance saturable absorber by leveraging its tailored surface plasmon resonance. Combining transient absorption spectroscopy and first‐principles calculations, we unveil a plasmon‐driven relaxation mechanism dominated by interfacial high‐energy hot electron generation (∼100 fs), enabling giant ultrafast nonlinearities. Crucially, at the communication band (1550 nm), V 2 C exhibits a high saturable absorption coefficient of −1.35 cm/GW. Integrating this into an erbium‐doped fiber laser, we generate mode‐locked pulses with a duration of 486 fs at 1569 nm, a 39.51 M Hz repetition rate, and exceptional stability (92 dB SNR). This work establishes plasmonic MXenes as a paradigm for tailored ultrafast photonic devices.

Homogenizing the upper surface through posttreatment has made great progress in perovskite solar cells. In contrast to the exposed surface, there are no practical remedies if imperfections form randomly at the hidden buried interface after perovskite film generation. Here, we reveal a severe distribution of residual lead iodide, voids, and grain-surface concavities at the buried interface, which severely trap carriers in inactive regions. To address these challenges, we introduce a potassium dihydrogen phosphate competitive-binding interlayer that systematically reduces residual solvents at the buried interface through strong chemical interactions. Homogenized buried interface along with facilitated perovskite film quality and charge extraction have been achieved, enabling year-round improvements in photovoltaic performance and reproducibility. The resultant devices achieve a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 26.3% (certified at 25.8%) for a 0.07-square centimeter device and 25.17% for a 1.028-square centimeter device. The device also demonstrates exceptional stability, maintaining 97% of its initial PCE after 1000hours of continuous maximum power point tracking.

Recyclable thermosets have emerged as promising candidates to mitigate plastic pollution, yet reconciling high performance with efficient recyclability remains challenging. Here, we report a high-performance, readily recyclable thermoset engineered through a synergistic dynamic covalent and supramolecular network. This design employs a single thiosemicarbazone (TSC) dynamic linkage to intrinsically unify dynamic covalent and noncovalent bonds within one chemical moiety, thereby overcoming conventional performance-recyclability trade-offs. The dual-network architecture endows the TSC-derived polymers (PTSCs) with exceptional thermal stability (glass transition temperature: 217°C), mechanical robustness (tensile strength: 127.1MPa; elongation at break: 16.6%; Young's modulus: 2.1GPa; toughness: 15.1MJ m-3), dimensional stability, and chemical resistance. Critically, the inherent reversibility of TSC bonds enables closed-loop recycling through in situ depolymerization and reconstruction over multiple cycles while retaining performance parity with virgin materials. This efficient recycling route confers genuine circularity, avoiding intermediate purification steps, minimizing solvent consumption, and streamlining the recycling workflow. Furthermore, PTSCs enable selective recovery from complex mixed plastic waste streams and carbon fiber composites without sophisticated separation processes. This work establishes a versatile molecular paradigm for designing readily recyclable thermosets with exceptional performance, advancing sustainable high-performance materials innovation.

ABSTRACT This study develops a nano-toughened swelling resin plugging agent by integrating water-soluble phenolic resin, acrylamide monomers, and nano-silica to address cementing quality deterioration during well workover. The agent resolves traditional resin limitations of brittleness and volumetric shrinkage through dual mechanisms: nano-silica enhances toughness via physical crosslinking and crack deflection, while acrylamide hydrolyzes into polyacrylic acid to induce osmotic pressure-driven expansion (5.0–10.0% volume increase). Key properties include ultra-low initial viscosity ( < 42.0 mPa·s), tunable curing time (8.0–72.0 hours, temperature-dependent), and exceptional stability under harsh conditions (60-day immersion in 60,000 mg·L−1 brine or 5.0% HCl reduces strength by < 30%). Physical simulations confirm outstanding injectivity (injection pressure < 0.10 MPa in micro-fractures) and interfacial bonding integrity: zero leakage at 35.0 MPa for casing bonds, > 20.0 MPa for cement sheath (leakage < 3.8 mL), and > 15.0 MPa for formations (leakage < 4.8 mL), with phenolic resin concentration directly enhancing pressure-bearing capacity. These results demonstrate that the nano-toughened swelling resin offers a reliable and adaptable solution for enhancing wellbore integrity in challenging downhole environments, thereby improving the success rate of workover operations.

Phage ZH4 rescues murine mastitis infected with hypervirulent multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae through pathogen elimination and mammary barrier restoration.

The utility of lanthanide-based circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) probes in biological systems is frequently limited by kinetic lability and excitation-related toxicity. To overcome these barriers, we have engineered rigid chiral Ir(III)-Eu(III) dyads (Ir-Eu-R and Ir-Eu-S) using a stereoselective ″complex-as-ligand″ strategy. This architecture features a kinetically inert DO3A macrocycle (1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7-triacetic acid) that effectively preserves the stereochemical environment, yielding intense CPL (|glum| = 0.12) with substantial brightness (BCPL ≈ 8 M-1 cm-1). Simultaneously, the integrated Ir(III) antenna enables benign visible-light sensitization (λex = 425 nm), facilitating low-phototoxicity confocal imaging in HeLa cells. Crucially, the probe's structural rigidity ensures exceptional stability against biological interferents; spectroscopic titration with ct-DNA confirms the preservation of chiroptical signals without conformational distortion. This work presents a general coordination strategy for constructing robust, bright, and visible-light-excitable rare-earth chiroptical materials, opening new avenues for specific chiroptical bioimaging and enantioselective sensing applications.

Well-defined high-molecular-weight acceptors have recently emerged as promising materials for organic solar cells (OSCs), offering high power conversion efficiency (PCE), long-term stability, and intrinsic stretchability. However, the limited synthetic accessibility of these materials hampers their large-scale application. Herein, we propose an efficient "brush-like" synthetic strategy to construct high-molecular-weight acceptors (diYCl, teYCl, and pYCl) with precisely controlled molecular structures. Our results reveal that the well-defined molecular architecture and enlarged molecular sizes effectively suppress molecular diffusion, thereby improving thermodynamic stability. Among them, teYCl achieves the optimal balance between efficiency and stability, affording a PCE of 18.02% in D18/teYCl-based quasiplanar heterojunction (Q-PHJ) OSCs. The device also exhibits remarkable operational durability, with T80 lifetimes of 5000h at 65°C and 61600h under dark storage. Moreover, when teYCl is employed as a coacceptor in Q-PHJ architectures, the PCE further rises to 20.19%, representing the highest efficiency reported for such bilayer-dominated Q-PHJ devices. The enlarged molecular size also endows the OSCs with enhanced mechanical robustness, with teYCl- and pYCl-based stretchable devices maintaining 80% of their initial PCEs at 31% and 40% strain, respectively. This study offers a practical molecular design strategy for developing high-efficiency, stable, and intrinsically stretchable acceptors toward next-generation OSCs.

ABSTRACT Well‐defined high‐molecular‐weight acceptors have recently emerged as promising materials for organic solar cells (OSCs), offering high power conversion efficiency (PCE), long‐term stability, and intrinsic stretchability. However, the limited synthetic accessibility of these materials hampers their large‐scale application. Herein, we propose an efficient “brush‐like” synthetic strategy to construct high‐molecular‐weight acceptors (diYCl, teYCl, and pYCl) with precisely controlled molecular structures. Our results reveal that the well‐defined molecular architecture and enlarged molecular sizes effectively suppress molecular diffusion, thereby improving thermodynamic stability. Among them, teYCl achieves the optimal balance between efficiency and stability, affording a PCE of 18.02% in D18/teYCl‐based quasiplanar heterojunction (Q‐PHJ) OSCs. The device also exhibits remarkable operational durability, with T 80 lifetimes of 5000 h at 65°C and 61 600 h under dark storage. Moreover, when teYCl is employed as a coacceptor in Q‐PHJ architectures, the PCE further rises to 20.19%, representing the highest efficiency reported for such bilayer‐dominated Q‐PHJ devices. The enlarged molecular size also endows the OSCs with enhanced mechanical robustness, with teYCl‐ and pYCl‐based stretchable devices maintaining 80% of their initial PCEs at 31% and 40% strain, respectively. This study offers a practical molecular design strategy for developing high‐efficiency, stable, and intrinsically stretchable acceptors toward next‐generation OSCs.

Hydrovoltaic technologies face challenges of low conversion efficiency and narrow operational temperature ranges, limiting their practical applications in extreme environments. Here, we propose a molecular clustering strategy that leverages organic molecules to interact with organic salt anions, forming stable composite clusters. These clusters enhance water's phase change energy barrier and thermal stability while mitigating electrostatic shielding effects, effectively overcoming ion transport bottlenecks across a wide temperature range. The hydrogel achieves an operational temperature range from -35 °C to 80 °C and increases power density by an order of magnitude compared to existing technologies. Furthermore, the hydrogel demonstrates exceptional thermal and mechanical stability, maintaining stretchability above 1000% and stable performance under harsh conditions such as freezing and high heat. These advancements enable hydrovoltaic systems to operate reliably in flexible electronics, environmental monitoring, and self-powered devices across extreme environments, providing sustainable energy solutions for diverse and demanding scenarios.

Molecular photoswitching in the red and near-infrared (NIR) region is highly sought after for applications in biological systems, optoelectronic devices, and functional materials where low-energy light minimizes photodamage and enables deep-tissue penetration. However, developing photoswitches that simultaneously achieve long-wavelength responsiveness with robust thermal bistability and high quantum efficiency remains a formidable challenge. Here, we report an intrinsic thermo-bistable, red-light-responsive (605 nm/730 nm) photochromic motif based on a perylene bisimide (PBI) scaffold, which further enables an unprecedented sensitized NIR (808 nm/730 nm) photoisomerization through a triplet pathway. Rational side-chain engineering with aryl substituents of distinct aromaticity and electronic character finely tunes the transition-state energy barrier (ΔG‡ = 45.07 kcal mol-1), leading to exceptional thermal stability and a long-lived closed isomer. Further molecular engineering of PBI-based photoswitches also delivers high photoisomerization quantum yield, bright fluorescence, and near-quantitative photoconversion efficiency. This work provides a new photochromic motif that boosts the overall photochemical/thermal performances of molecular photoswitching at the red-light end, thereby enriching the structural and functional landscape of a high-performance photoswitching system. Demonstrations in dynamic cell-membrane imaging further highlight the potential of these PBI-based photoswitches as powerful photochemical platforms for advanced biomedical and optoelectronic applications.

Membrane-based pervaporation offers an energy-efficient route for azeotrope separation, yet fabricating membranes that combine structural integrity with precise molecular sieving remains challenging. This work introduces a biomineralization-inspired strategy to synergistically engineer metal-organic framework MIL-100 membranes across micro-, nano-, and molecular scales by using a readily accessible and metastable CuBTC template membrane. The template-anchored point-by-point nucleation directs spatially precise assembly of MIL-100 nanocrystals into a dense, defect-free membrane. Concurrently, a dynamic competition between template "sacrifice" and preservation generates a hierarchical "ship-in-bottle" structure, where encapsulated CuBTC nanoclusters effectively narrow MIL-100 mesocages to molecular dimensions, enabling sharp water/organic discrimination. For a 90 wt % ethanol/water feed, it achieves a separation factor of 3200 with a flux of 2.58 kg m-2 h-1, outperforming state-of-the-art membranes. This bioinspired mineralization strategy provides a universal route for designing crystalline porous membranes with exceptional selectivity and stability for energy-efficient molecular separations.

ABSTRACT Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were homogeneously deposited on the surface of silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ) and then encapsulated by an outer titanium oxide (TiO 2 ) layer. This SiO 2 /Ag/TiO 2 geometry (denoted as SiO 2 ‐Ag@TiO 2 nanoreactor, where “@” denotes a gap) composite was successfully developed via a conventional sacrificial method followed by partial etching. This special SiO 2 , Ag, TiO 2 bearing‐construction (BC) catalyst exhibits superior catalytic and exceptional stability performance when used in the degradation of methylene blue (MB) under ultraviolet light (UV light) and visible light, compared with pure TiO 2 shell and traditional Ag/TiO 2 yolk–shell (Ag‐TiO 2 ). This enhanced catalytic efficiency is primarily attributed to synergistic effects derived from Ag NPs “locking and guarding” mechanism in the presence of amino‐SiO 2 and outer TiO 2 . In this regard, our rational BC design concept proposed a state‐of‐the‐art strategy and provided an opportunity to shorten the distance between theory and practical applications in solar conversion, such as water splitting technology, photovoltaic, and solar cells.

The rational design and synthesis of efficient and durable bifunctional electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is of great significance and challenging for rechargeable zinc–air batteries. While much attention has been devoted to enhancing ORR performance in recent studies, the effectiveness of OER is equally crucial for charging performance of Zn–air batteries. In this work, NH2-MIL-101(Fe) is employed as a precursor to derive Fe-NC through a straightforward pyrolysis method. Subsequently, NiFe-LDH is synthesized on the surface of Fe-NC via a wet-chemical process to obtain Fe-NC@NiFe-LDH. Capitalizing on the synergistic interplay between Fe-NC, serving as the ORR active site, and NiFe-LDH, acting as the OER active site, Fe-NC@NiFe-LDH demonstrates remarkable bifunctional electrocatalytic performance, boasting a positive half-wave potential of 0.83 V for ORR and a low potential of 1.68 V for OER at a current density of 10 mA cm−2, alongside exceptional stability in alkaline environments. Furthermore, the Fe-NC@NiFe-LDH-based Zn–air battery exhibits outstanding discharge and charge performance, maintaining excellent cycling stability over 600 h (3600 cycles).

Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries are regarded as a representative next-generation energy storage technology due to their high energy density, low cost, and environmental friendliness. Nevertheless, their widespread application is hindered by challenges such as the insulating nature of sulfur and Li2S, the larger volume expansion during cycling, and the serious side effects caused by the soluble lithium polysulfide (LiPSs), all of which collectively lead to severe capacity decay and poor cycling stability. Furthermore, the high flammability of sulfur is another critical safety concern, which has hindered its further application. To effectively address these limitations, this study designed and developed a flame-retardant sulfur cathode (CS@Al/APP) by encapsulating carbon-sulfur composites with aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)3) and employing ammonium polyphosphate (APP) as a binder to enhance electrode stability and flame retardancy. Experimental results demonstrate that Al(OH)3 and APP synergistically improve the flame resistance by releasing inert gases and forming a protective char layer. Additionally, they enhance sulfur redox kinetics by efficiently trapping LiPSs. As a result, the CS@Al/APP cathode exhibits exceptional electrochemical stability, maintaining a reversible capacity of 1025.04 mAh g-1 after 100 cycles at 0.1C and delivering a discharge capacity of 744.2 mAh g-1 after 500 cycles at 1C. This study provides a feasible technical pathway for achieving lithium-sulfur batteries with high safety and high energy density.

Abstract In this study, we investigated the structural, optical, concentration, and temperature-sensitive luminescence properties of praseodymium (Pr 3 ⁺)-doped Ca 2 Al 2 SiO 7 phosphors synthesised via a urea-assisted combustion method. Rietveld refinement and XRD analyses confirmed the formation of a tetragonal phase with a P͞ 42 1 m space group. The energy band gap was 4.430 $$\pm$$ ± 0.124 eV, and DRS analysis confirmed different transitions of Pr 3+ ions. The concentration dependency of the emission was explored using room-temperature PL, where the optimum performance was observed for a dopant concentration of 4 mol%. The UVC emission of Pr 3+ ions is associated with the 4f 1 5d 1 → 3 H J and 3 F 2 energy levels, and the decay lifetime is in the range of 7.3–8 μs. The emission intensity decreased with increasing temperature, indicating temperature quenching. A high quenching temperature (412 K) and a high activation energy of 0.258 $$\pm$$ ± 0.016 eV were obtained for the CASO-4 Pr phosphor, confirming its exceptional thermal stability. The applicability in the field of temperature sensing was explored based on the FIR approach, estimating S A as 2.562 $$\times$$ × 10 –4 K −1 and S R as 0.02% K −1 at 473 K.

Porous carbon (PC) is widely recognized as a promising anode material for zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitors (ZiHSCs), but its practical deployment is hindered by sluggish ion diffusion kinetics and poor rate performance. In this study, a stepwise de-solvation of hydrated Zn-ion is observed during migration within the hierarchical micropore channels characterized by dominated dimension of 0.74 and 1.54nm. This phenomenon mitigates the free energy dissipation of hydrated Zn-ion diffusion, accelerates charge transfer kinetics, and substantially enhances the EDLC generation. In situ Raman, ex situ FT-IR and XPS analysis reveal an intensive removal of bound water from [Zn (H2O)6]2+ and rapid micropore filling at the discharge state. The optimized anode delivers a specific capacitance of 224.1 mAh/g at 0.2 A/g, an impressive energy density of 179.6Wh/kg (active materials basis), and exceptional cycling stability (99.1% capacity retention over 100,000 cycles). This dimension design paradigm establishes a generalizable framework for optimizing porous carbons in energy storage, bridging the gap between fundamental ion-solvent-pore interactions.

In the pursuit of a technological breakthrough in zinc-air batteries, it is critical to find economical, durable, and high-performance catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) to accelerate the slow reaction kinetics. Herein, a one-pot method was employed to synthesize the polymer within a mixed solvent of CHCl3 and CH3OH (v/v = 2:1). The resulting polymer can be well-dispersed in deionized water to form an aqueous metal-organic gel (MOG). Testing has revealed that Co-MOG exhibits dual catalytic properties for both the OER and ORR, a characteristic that is notably rare in original MOG materials. Furthermore, it demonstrates exceptional long-term charge-discharge cycling stability in zinc-air batteries, outperforming several reported Co-based catalysts for the OER and ORR. X-ray absorption spectroscopy and density-functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate that the CoN3 configuration serves as the catalytically active site of the material. In conclusion, this work supports the application of MOGs as unique bifunctional electrocatalysts for the OER and ORR in metal-air batteries.

Reversible solid oxide cells (RSOCs) are promising for their highly efficient power-fuel interconversion and serve as a critical technology for building a carbon-neutral energy ecosystem. However, their widespread implementation is impeded by insufficient electrocatalytic activity and stability of conventional oxygen electrodes. Here, we design a high-entropy single-phase perovskite, Pr0.2Nd0.2Sm0.2Ba0.2Sr0.2CoO3-δ (PNSBSC), engineered from Sm0.6Sr0.4CoO3-δ (SSC), to overcome the classic activity-stability trade-off in perovskite oxides. A PNSBSC-based button cell delivers a peak power density of 2.06 W cm-2 in fuel cell mode and a high current density of 2.54 A cm-2 at 1.3 V in electrolysis mode (50% H2O) at 800 °C. The cell also demonstrates exceptional stability, sustaining 120 h of continuous operation in both modes and three reversible cycles at 700 °C without performance degradation. Its scalability and robustness are further verified using a large-area cell (30 W output, >80 h stability) and by sustaining a notable 40 A electrolysis current at 1.3 V (80% H2O, 750 °C). First-principles calculations corroborate the enhanced activity and stability, which are attributed to the high-configurational-entropy design. This work establishes entropy engineering as a viable paradigm for developing high-performance and durable electrodes for advanced RSOCs.