Examples Of Layouts Research Articles

Development of scientific and technical base for training specialists in the field of marine energy

The implementation of federal programs for the modernization of the transport system of the Russian Federation requires the solution of a set of tasks, the most important of which is the training of highly qualified specialists in the transport industry. A necessary condition for high-quality training of specialists is certainly a modern educational and laboratory base. The Admiral Makarov State University of Maritime and Inland Shipping has been training specialists in the field of marine energy for many decades. In order to continue training specialists in this area at a high level, it is necessary to modernize the material base, create laboratories that meet modern requirements. In order to achieve this goal, a project to create an educational and scientific center “Energy efficiency and reliability of marine machinery and mechanisms” is proposed. The concept of creating a center is presented in the paper, the laboratories that should be part of it are listed, the examples of laboratory layouts and their main equipment are provided. It is proposed to include a laboratory for testing engines in container design and a floating laboratory in the educational and scientific center. The creation of an educational and scientific center equipped with modern equipment will provide conditions for high-quality training of specialists for industry enterprises, as well as provide an opportunity to solve current scientific problems in the field of marine energy. The concept of creating an educational and scientific center is supported by the Board of Trustees of the University

Semantic-driven Graph Transformations in Floor Plan Design

This paper deals with supporting the design of building floor plans. Floor layouts are represented by labelled and attributed graphs. These graphs are generated using graph grammars, i.e., systems for transforming graphs according to specified rules. The key feature of a graph grammar is that graph representations are obtained by successively adding nodes and edges by applying the rules during the generation process with the use of the so-called embedding principle. The existing embedding principles are often not sufficient to create solutions which fulfill the design criteria. The main contribution of this paper is a generative graph grammar with an innovative semantic-driven embedding where graph attribute values are taken into account while creating new edges. The proposed approach enables automatic generation of graphs corresponding to new layout designs with geometrical properties specified by graph attributes. It is illustrated by examples of apartment floor layouts generated by a prototype application implemented in Python.

On the persistence of medieval urban spatial layout: Selected towns on the Pilgrims’ Way to Santiago de Compostela in the Iberian Peninsula

The aim of this article was to analyse selected medieval urban structures in the pilgrimage centres on the route to Santiago de Compostela, and then to examine the processes of their transformation and the phenomenon of spatial continuity. The centres analysed here are examples of early regular street layouts established in a planned manner. Their characterisation was preceded by a brief description of the historical and spatial conditions allowing the phenomena in question to be placed in an appropriate wider context. The study paid particular attention to open spaces, especially squares, as important areas of the urban structure that still exist today performing a variety of important functions for the local community. A literature search was carried out on the subject. Historical, iconographic and cartographic sources were also used. No less important role was played by direct observation and analysis of the towns. The centres analysed have not undergone major spatial transformations since the Middle Ages. In their layout we can distinguish the main pilgrimage-trade route, around which residential and service buildings were erected. In the described settlements, as they developed, a special market space evolved with a regular form. It was usually located by the church. The community of the Franks played a key role in shaping the centres described in the article.

Allées in Landscape Architecture and Garden Art—Types, Preservation, and Renewal of the Living Heritage of Baroque Allées in Hungary

Examining the history of garden art since ancient times, we find many examples of linear tree layouts supporting orientation or being used for the purpose of composition. Allées gained special significance during the Baroque as dynamic and grandiose space-forming garden design elements. They mostly consist of trees of taxonomically similar species planted along a regular line equidistant from each other in single or multiple rows. The two-dimensional compositional elements of the layout form three-dimensional longitudinal space forms. During their evolution, both their proportions and openness constantly change. Analyses of the compositional role and functions of allées of exemplary Hungarian Baroque garden complexes in the 18th century provided a basis for setting up a novel typology. Five compositional types have been defined as the primary result of archival research. The significance of the still-subsisting historic Hungarian allées calls for unique protection similar to European heritage protection. Taking a summary of significant, surviving examples of Hungarian Baroque allées into account, methods for allée renewal are defined along with the core question of whether allées are natural landscape elements or strict architectural compositions where authenticity may be an important criterion. The methodological research is partially based on three plans for the renewal of Baroque allées in Hungary that have been worked out by the Author as the chief landscape architect of the projects.

Serious gaming for port development as a learning tool: a case study of port constructor

Ports play an essential role in nation’s economic growth by fostering trade and development. Making a master plan for port development includes several actions that need to be taken before a final master plan is decided. Implementing such actions in a real situation as a try out for port development will result in time and financial loss, not to mention the effect to the environment and availability of space. Port Constructor is introduced last year as the newest tool to simulate all the planning and development process of a port and see the result of every action in relatively short time. Port Constructor is a serious game, it looks like a game, but it also has a learning objective that needs to be achieved. The primary function of this game is that players can take several actions, undertake tasks, and experience situations which would be impossible to be tried in a real life situation. In addition, Port Constructor allows players to have a position as a port planner and developer, which may not be possible in reality, and experience a real situation within a short period of time. By developing their own port scenario (or real-port scenario) in the Port Constructor, the player will have a real experience as a port planner. This study was conducted to assess the Port Constructor game as a learning tool in port planning and development both for student and more experienced port developers. Furthermore, this study also provides a way of developing scenarios inside the Port Constructor game as well as ensuring that the aim of this game can be achieved by doing a game session together with students and professionals participants. The game sessions were held to prove the playability of the game as a single-player and multi-player game. Resulting in a better outcome when the game played as a multi-player game because players can have a discussion before deciding the next actions that they will take. Examples of several port layouts are provided to prove the flexibility of this game that can be used to accommodate uncertainty of port development when using in the future. In conclusion, developers believe that Port Constructor can be a useful instrument for the learning process of people at the educational level as well as for port developers on their port planning course and project.

Автоматизированное распознавание регулярных, радиальных и кольцевых структур в конфигурации улично-дорожной сети населённых пунктов

The article describes the experience of applying various approaches to the recognition of some of the most common settlements planning structures, which include radial, regular and ring elements. At the first stage, it is necessary to identify typical properties and elements of the corresponding figures, then find a way to automate the search for such entities in an arbitrary road network of a settlement. To solve the second problem, well-known algorithms are used that are associated with the analysis of the uniformity of the shape of neighborhoods of a settlement. Modifications of the algorithm for searching for radial structural elements are proposed, and the author’s method of detecting ring elements is tested. The selected approaches are implemented in the form of a script in the Python programming language, which sequentially checks the road network given to the input for the presence of lattice or radial-ring planning structure elements. The technique was tested in fifty cities of the world. Verification of the results was carried out by comparing the response of the algorithm with the expert opinion of the research authors or literature on the topic. The accuracy of the classification was 80 %. The algorithm successfully coped with the reference examples of layouts, but experienced difficulties with their modifications, associated, for example, with the lack of closure of the ring elements of the radial-ring structure. The results can be demanded in problems of cartographic generalization, which require recognition and preservation of typical features of spatial objects.

Development and standardization of methods for promoting products on the example of bakery products

The popularity of products depends not only on its quality, but also on the activities that have been undertaken to promote it in the market. The media plan developed for this purpose should be based on the use of scientific approaches, since the success of an advertising campaign directly depends on the correctness of the selected promotion channels and the level of the developed advertising and information materials. At the same time, it is necessary to optimize the media plan, which makes it possible to ensure the effectiveness of advertising by attracting consumers, advancing competitors and rational use of resources, including material ones. The article gives an example of a developed advertising campaign for the promotion of bakery products: advertising channels in magazines, a radio commercial in shopping centers, advertising stand and distribution of flyers were chosen as channels for promotion. The general concept of this advertising is the promotion of various types of fresh hot products, so the main character is Red Riding Hood. The article gives examples of layouts of printed materials, an approximate scenario of a radio commercial and a description of the layout of magazine advertising. To assess the adequacy of the developed advertising company, the media plan and expenses for creating and conducting an advertising campaign are calculated.. On its basis, a methodology is formulated and an algorithm for performing these marketing activities is constructed. An important step in the application of this technique is its standardization - the creation of an organization standard. The standardization document containing the rules, regulations and requirements will allow optimizing production processes and increasing the competitiveness of the enterprise's products, and also contributes to a common understanding of marketing concepts and advertising policy in the enterprise.

Applicability of Responsive Web of Geo-Spatial Web Services

As a recent dominant web trend, mobile first strategy has been emphasized, and interests with respect to responsive web that provides effective methodology to various mobile devices and their display resolution are also increasing. However, it is an early adoption stage in web mapping for geo-spatial applications. This study is to present some practical examples of layouts using responsive web technologies linked to geo-spatial open platform. Suggestive consideration points for further application of responsive web to geo-spatial services are presented. On test implementing, HTML5, JavaScript, and CSS3 were used, and web mapping processing using OpenLayers was performed. It is expected that responsive web applications for contents derived from geo-spatial information or location data increase.

Phase calculation for image rotation in a nonplanar polarization nulling interferometer

We propose a new matrix method for calculating geometric image rotation, taking into account the effects of the geometric and dynamic phases in a nonplanar optical layout. In order to describe the propagation of light in this system, the algebra of two-dimensional Jones polarization vectors and matrices in two-dimensional space is extended to three-dimensional space. We give practical examples of nonplanar layouts of polarization nulling interferometers for application in astronomy and precision wavefront analysis.

Recent developments in electrokinetically driven analysis on microfabricated devices.

This review is devoted to the rapid developments in the field of microfluidic separation devices in which the flow is electrokinetically driven, and where the separation element forms the heart of the system, in order to give an overview of the trends of the last three years. Examples of microchip layouts that were designed for various application areas are given. Optimization of mixing and injection strategies, designs for the handling of multiple samples, and capillary array systems show the enormous progress made since the first proof-of-concept papers about lab-on-a-chip devices. Examples of functional elements for on-chip preconcentration, filtering, DNA amplification and on-chip detection indicate that the real integration of various analytical tasks on a single microchip is coming into reach. The use of materials other than glass, such as poly(dimethylsiloxane) and polymethylmethacrylate, for chip fabrication and detection methods other than laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) detection, such as mass spectrometry and electrochemical detection, are described. Furthermore, it can be observed that the separation modes known from capillary electrophoresis (CE) in fused-silica capillaries can be easily transferred to the microchip platform. The review concludes with an overview of applications of microchip CE and with a brief outlook.

Construction monitoring of urban tunnels and subway stations

Abstract Monitoring of tunnels and subway stations during construction using in-situ geotechnical instruments plays multiple essential technical roles. During early construction stages, it provides a factual basis for quantitative assessment of the proposed design and selected construction technology. If needed, such field measurements also can be used to guide modifications or refinement of the construction procedures, particularly at critical portions of the underground project. On the other hand, systematic instrumentation measurements taken at reasonably spaced control sections along the proposed alignment of a project can be utilized to document the overall performance. Such valuable records also can be used in a database for the design of similar future tunnels and for subway development. From the point of view of applied research, field measurements gathered during construction monitoring provide badly needed records for reviewing and improving the existing design procedures and validating new analytical tools, as well as for formulating effective directions of future research needs to match the mounting development of underground space. This paper outlines the basic requirements of successful construction monitoring program for urban underground projects, based on 15 years of experience in the design and implementation of more than 10 instrumentation test sections, mainly for tunnels and subway stations in Egypt and Canada. Some details of the most reliable in-situ instruments are also given. Finally, examples of different layouts of the monitoring programs implemented at different underground projects are presented, with some typical results.

KOAN/ANAGRAM II: new tools for device-level analog placement and routing

The authors describe KOAN and ANAGRAM II, new tools for device-level analog placement and routing. Analog layout tools that merely apply known digital macrocell techniques fall short of achieving the density and performance of handcrafted analog cells. KOAN and ANAGRAM II differ from previous approaches by using general algorithmic techniques to find critical device-level layout optimizations rather than relying on a large library of fixed-topology module generators. New placement algorithms implemented in KOAN handle complex layout symmetries, dynamic merging and abutment of individual devices, and flexible generation of wells and bulk constants. New routing algorithms implemented in ANAGRAM II handle arbitrary gridless design rules in addition to over-the-device, crosstalk-avoiding, mirror-symmetric, and self-symmetric wiring. Examples of CMOS and BiCMOS analog cell layouts produced by these tools are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

Official Landscapes in Traditional China

AbstractThis article is arranged in seven sections. In the first section, attention is drawn to the remarkable and extremely extensive rectilinear land layouts which can be deduced from large-scale topographical maps of northern China, to the likelihood of their having been constructed in periods of official land allocation schemes, and to various problems of procedure which arise in the attempt to study them systematically. The second section surveys the chün-t'ien land management systems, as they are known from the traditional historic sources, and a number of special features of these systems, especially the relations between changes in land allocations and changes in the official units in which they were measured. It is argued that the rectilinear forms indicated by the maps could not easily have been set up in chün-t'ien times, because the land was then already closely settled, and that the prominent strip systems which can be found on most of the maps, not always clearly an outcome of the chun-t'ien systems, suggest an earlier origin for these basic rectilinear forms. This reasoning, and even more the study of the dimensions used in the strip systems, leads back to the tradition of ching-t'ien. In the third section, examples are given of military farm layouts, which are a special and local feature of some of the maps. In the fourth section, two examples of contrasting rectilinear layouts are described and analysed as types-one from Anhwei, the other from Shensi. Both appear to be T'ang reconstructions of much older formal layouts, and both are thought to lead back to ching-t'ien through detectable steps in Ch'in or Han time. The fifth section gives three examples of layouts from Shantung, all apparently rebuilt under Northern Ch'i, but all based upon ching-t'ien foundations. The sixth section illustrates and analyses a layout from Honan, apparently reconstructed in Sui times but also apparently built upon ching-t'ien foundations. In the seventh and last section, the salient features of the argument and the interpretations are summarised.