Everyday Contacts Research Articles

Conflicting Norms—How Norms of Disconnection and Availability Correlate With Digital Media Use Across Generations

Digital disconnection has emerged as a response to constant connectivity and the perceived harms to well-being that technology overuse may cause in a digital society. Despite the apparent conflict with expectations of constant availability, there has been limited research on the role of social norms in individuals’ regulation of their digital media use. The present study applied a nuanced conceptualization of social norms—by differentiating referent groups (i.e., family, friends, and everyday contacts) as well as injunctive and descriptive norms—and examined the associations of disconnection and availability norms with disconnection behavior across two generations of digital media users. Drawing on an online survey based on a stratified population sample ( N = 1163), we found perceptions of injunctive disconnection norms to differ across generations, with younger digital media users perceiving digital disconnection but also availability to be more important to their social environment. This conflict of contradictory norms was also reflected in an interactional effect on own disconnection behavior in this group, where positive correlations between disconnections norms and behavior were countered by availability norms. Overall, our findings demonstrate the social complexity of the individual decision to (dis)connect and, on the societal level, that social norms of disconnection are in transition with disconnection behavior becoming and being perceived as more and more important.

The interactive organization of every day “talk” of native Kenyan sign language (KSL) users: The case of cohesion

People who are deaf in Kenya operate within a distinct Kenyan deaf culture that uses Kenya Sign Language (KSL) to interact. The focus of this paper is every day “talk” or any signing activities that they engage in during their interaction in everyday contacts. The paper pivots on discourse that is not planned. According to Brazil [1] unplanned discourse is instinctive and happens gradually in time. Therefore, unplanned discourse is spontaneous and impulsive and is heavily reliant on immediate context to make known people’s thoughts and relies less on structure to express meaning, Brazil [2]. An analysis of “Talk” that occurs naturally is conversational analysis. Consistent with Richards et al [3], conversation analysis involves examination of naturally occurring conversations to establish the linguistic attributes of “talk” and how it is used in ordinary life. This is the concern of this paper. It also examines how casual talk achieves cohesion as we investigate the linguistic characteristics of every day “talk” in the context of people who are deaf and users of KSL.

About time: Temporal control and illegality in Nashville, Tennessee

AbstractThis article examines how time creates immigrant il/legality. It centers on a young, undocumented immigrant who was stopped by police following a traffic violation and held in custody pending potential deportation. However, he was ultimately released due to previously filed legal claims. Through the case, I demonstrate how he, his lawyer, the police, and his everyday contacts advance or attempt to thwart his claims to legality through advancing different, and often moralized, notions of time. Specifically, I show how these actors tie legality to specific points in time, or periods of time, including age. A temporal focus reveals the flexibility of il/legality and how non‐state actors—including undocumented immigrants themselves—wrest control over their lives and participate in defining the legal. The limits of temporal control, evidenced in the arbitrary nature of timing itself, also demonstrate the ultimate serendipity of legality.

Everyday Life of the Staff in Koltuban Filtration Camp

The article examines the everyday life of the staff of Koltuban filtration camp. It operated from early 1942 to autumn 1943 in the west of the Chkalov (Orenburg) region. Its task was to filter Soviet soldiers who returned from captivity or who had been in the occupied territory. The article describes the identity of the camp commanders, the sources of recruitment of ordinary employees, their number, educational levels and gender composition. In many respects, the camp staff were close to inmates: forced mobilization for service, harsh material conditions, the desire to go to the front. Strict discipline was maintained among minor staff members, but large-scale theft and embezzlement was regularly carried out mainly by middle-ranking management. Everyday contacts between the guards and inmates primarily centred around trade and barter. Cases of aggression and cruelty are not reflected in the documents, neither are close contacts between the staff and the inmates. This article pays special attention to the tensions among the camp administration due to the uncertain status of the filtration camps. The special department not only maintained its independence in filtration but also claimed to play the main role in the management of the entire camp. The prosecutor sought to go beyond the boundaries of his functions. The commissar wanted to solve all issues on an equal footing with the head of the camp and make changes to the regime for inmates, which would turn the filtration camp into a kind of reserve military unit.

ЧИСЛІВНИК ЯК ЕЛІТНИЙ КОМПОНЕНТ КОМУНІКАЦІЇ У СУЧАСНОМУ ПРОФЕСІЙНОМУ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНОМУ ПРОСТОРІ

The article is devoted to the problem of normative and use of numerals in the information space (professional communication, communication in the media and everyday contacts). Attention is drawn to the consistently large number of errors in the functioning of this part of speech, analysed violations of the literary norm in numerals at the phonetic, accentual and morphological levels, provides typical errors and recommendations for their correction and prevention. The relevance of the study of this linguistic pathology is that the numerator occupies one of the first places in the register of non-normative use of linguistic units of modern Ukrainian literary language, although it is semantically limited exact lexical unit that expresses such an important conceptual category as quantitative. Violations related to this part of the language distort the content of the message, leading to significant errors in many areas of professional communication, where accuracy and completeness are paramount. In addition, they can cause negative consequences in the real technological process in production. Such non-normative use does not contribute to the establishment and development of normal communication of communicators at the household level, when there is a need for specific dosed information, and sometimes even becomes a lingual tool of fraudulent spheres. Theoretical postulates on the functioning of numerals do not sufficiently regulate the oral aspect of its use. Although these rules are not complicated and can be easily assimilated by native speakers, the number of errors in this part of the language not only does not decrease, but, conversely, increases exponentially. This, of course, requires the immediate intervention of linguists. The article provides brief recommendations for mastering certain grammatical categories that characterize this part of speech and allow you to easily get rid of negative lingual habits. Particular emphasis is placed on the specifics of the functioning of numerals in professional communication, as they are one of the main applicants in the professional field, including special text. Knowledge of language and literary norms is an important element of the linguistic portrait of a specialist, which is an important tool of competition in the modern world.

Interim-Guidelines for COVID-19 Vaccination in Hematological Malignancies and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients

Abstract: Objective: Hematologic malignancies such as Acute Leukemias, Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS), Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (MPNs), Lymphomas and Multiple Myeloma (MM) can be treated with chemotherapy, Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant (HSCT) or Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapies with either a curative intent or to prolong survival. The hematologic malignancy itself or the anti-cancer therapies can result in long-term immunodeficiency; COVID-19 infection in this population is associated with a significantly higher risk of hospitalization and death [1]. Given lack of available data on COVID-19 vaccination from Pakistan, this guidance is based on the review of safety and efficacy of FDA and CDC approved vaccines for the prevention of COVID-19 disease and recommendations of European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplant (EBMT), American Society for Transplantation and Cellular Therapies (ASTCT) and British Society of Hematology (BSH) for the use of COVID vaccination in HSCT recipients and those with hematological malignancies. The American Society of Hematology (ASH), EBMT, ASTCT and BSH recommends the desired access to vaccines for this highly susceptible group along with care takers, family members, and domestic& everyday contacts when vaccine supply is available. Keywords: COVID-19 vaccination, Hematological malignancies, Hematopoietic stem cell transplant, mRNA vaccine, Acute leukemia, Chemotherapy.

Prevalence and Phenomenology of Sensory Experiences of a Deceased Spouse: A Survey of Bereaved Older Adults.

Sensory and quasi-sensory experiences of the deceased (SED), also called bereavement hallucinations, are common in bereavement, but research detailing these experiences is limited. Methods: An in-depth survey of SED was developed based on existing research, and 310 older adults from the general Danish population participated in the study 6-10 months after their spouse died. Results: SED were reported by 42% of the participants with wide-ranging phenomenological features across sensory-modalities. In particular, seeing and hearing the deceased spouse was experienced as very similar to the couple's everyday contacts before death. SED were endorsed as positive by a majority of experiencers, and the experiences were often shared with family and friends. Discussion: SED are conceptualized as social and relational phenomena, which may comfort the surviving spouse in late-life bereavement, but also provide tangible help to some experiencers. In clinical practice, SED may be considered a potential resource for the therapeutic grief process.

Resistance, activism and ordinary life: an editorial introduction

ABSTRACT On the streets, over the internet, in the malls, across neighbourhoods, the Hong Kong resistance grows with the shaping of a consciousness of common identity under oppression. Inscribed in the ‘structure of feeling' of our time, such articulation of the ordinary as local messes up people's everyday trajectory in the unholy partnership between global capitalism and Chinese authoritarianism. This special volume offers a telling account of the embedded politics of affect involved. Challenged by the uncanny facelessness of the present, we examine the dire condition of the cityscape and the livelihood it traces. We analyse substantive tactics of critique ranging from eco-writing of Hong Kong as colony to habits of singing in an erotic Taiwanese teahouse. While local activism of a different sort assimilates unlikely cultural resources in Mainland China, taken together these struggles for identity situate subjects in their roles as consumer, entertainer, freelancer, digital gamer, cultural activist as well as intellectual. The locality of resistance moves from a translocal football stadium to a co-working space in Shanghai, from massive street demonstrations in the postcolony to switched-on enactments of cyber-‘activism'. Performing politics amid multiple relays of quotidian acts, individuals feed their ordinary imagination to alternative critiques. What transpires is a community evolving from fan solidarity to intimacy, erotic narrative to friendship, provincial sex-entertainment to urban self-entrepreneurship. Everyday contacts and lived fantasies link invisible writers to invisible readers, clients with hostesses, and drifting memes to drifting netizens. Despite tyranny, diffuse voices upset the status quo. As people enact their acts of identity, they reframe the given politics of affect by making the crushed ordinary life bearable of a fan, a creative labourer, a queer erotic addict, a teahouse hostess and her frustrated client, a frustrated, agitated intellectual, a desperate street activist, as well as millions of faceless online ‘subjects’.

Typical offences of the law by security and convoy officers on duty

The authors describe the examples of possible offences of the law by temporary detention facilities officers, security and convoy officers, and other internal affairs officers responsible for criminal suspects convoying. Such offences are often connected with the disregard of rules of official duty performance or with the improper execution of duties, which leads to the occurrence of emergency situations, such as: an assault on a police officer by an individual or a group of individuals; hostage taking; escape or self-maiming attempts. Based on personal experience and judicial practice materials and regulating documents analysis, the authors consider the key measures aimed at the reduction of the emergency situations rate in the work of temporary detention facilities and security and convoy units. The professional activity of temporary detention facilities officers, as well as security and convoy officers, involves everyday contacts with  suspects, persons accused of crimes, and persons sentenced to imprisonment. Officers convoy them to courts, medical facilities, etc. Such duties become routine for experienced officers, which can lead to the loss of vigilance and cautiousness in the work with criminal suspects. On the other hand, inexperienced officers, not knowing the peculiarities of their service, can also commit dereliction of duty, or worse - neglect of their official duties. Therefore, the issues of control and preventive measures taken by senior officers aimed at avoiding offences of the law by their subordinates, become particularly significant. 

Sýrlenskir nemendur í íslenskum grunnskólum: Upplifun nemenda, foreldra og kennara

Árið 2016 tók Ísland á móti hópi sýrlenskra kvótaflóttamanna í samstarfi við Flóttamannastofnun Sameinuðu þjóðanna. Í þessari eigindlegu rannsókn er upplifun hluta þessa hóps, kennara hans og foreldra, af grunnskólanámi á Íslandi könnuð. Til gagnaöflunar voru notuð hálfstöðluð viðtöl. Þátttakendur voru alls sautján; foreldrar og börn úr þremur fjölskyldum og fimm kennarar, og voru tekin viðtöl einu sinni, vorið 2018. Einstaklingsviðtöl voru tekin við kennara og foreldra en hópviðtöl tekin við nemendur. Þemagreining var notuð við að greina gögnin. Niðurstöður eru kynntar undir þremur meginþemum: (1) Að skilja ný viðmið um nám og kennslu, (2) Hlutverk samskipta og ábyrgð, og (3) Er Ísland hluti af framtíðinni? Þemun þrjú eiga sér sameiginlegan þráð sem ræddur verður sérstaklega en það er menningarmunur sem birtist þó með ólíkum hætti í máli viðmælenda. Niðurstöður benda til þess að menningarleg gildi hafi haft áhrif á menntunarferlið sem varð til þess að samskipti heimilis og skóla urðu ómarkviss. Það leiddi meðal annars til þess að foreldrar báru ekki fullt traust til íslenskra skóla barna sinna. Kennara virtist skorta viðeigandi stuðning og þjálfun til að takast á við aðstæður þessa tiltekna nemendahóps. Þrátt fyrir þetta sögðust nemendur sjálfir vera ánægðir með skólann sinn og eiga í góðu sambandi við kennara sína

Colonial Justice and the Jews of Venetian Crete. By Rena N. Lauer (Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Press, 2019) 292 pp. $69.95

<i>Colonial Justice and the Jews of Venetian Crete</i>. By Rena N. Lauer (Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Press, 2019) 292 pp. $69.95

The Persian community in Vladikavkaz: preserving ethnic identity in an alien cultural environment

On the basis of archival sources and materials taken from periodical press, the authors investigate the history of the Persian diaspora in Ossetia. The article discusses the causes of Persian migration to Ossetia, which began in the second half of the 19th century; their settlement and adaptation processes; and mechanisms of intra-ethnic consolidation. The authors identify the means Persians used to adapt to the economy of the host society, in particular by fi nding economic niches in industry, craft, trade, and domestic services, and analyze their integration into new economic forms of urban lifestyle. Ethnic entrepreneurship emerges as the foundation of Persian community life. The article investigates the diaspora’s infrastructure, including the Persian Consulate, a Shiite mosque, the Persian school Navruz , the charitable society Himmat , and several other institutions. In general, for most minority communities the place of worship becomes the focus point of intraethnic consolidation and preservation of national identity, especially when the community is not simply ethnic but rather ethno-confessional. In the Persian community, however, the main regulatory and communicative functions were performed by the Consulate. The authors argue that the prominence of the Consulate resulted from the uncertain status of the mosque, from the fact that Shiite worshippers came from various nationalities, and from the confl icts among them. The authors examine the degree of preservation of traditional Persian culture in festive and ceremonial life, community behavior, and relations with the motherland. They identify how the Persian community integrated into the socio-cultural environment of poly-ethnic Vladikavkaz through trade relations, everyday contacts, and other means.

In Search of the Supracultural: American Missionaries in the Gulf in 1920s–1930s

ABSTRACTThis article examines the dynamics of cultural encounters, with reference to the concept of Gustav Warneck (1834–1910) of the connections between mission and culture. It introduces the reader to the personal experience of the missionaries of the Arabian Mission, which was launched in 1889 and operated until 1973 in Basra, Amara, Bahrain, Kuwait and Muscat. While the Mission did not bring about the mass conversion of Muslims, its activities resulted in numerous everyday contacts with the local population. The article stresses that missionaries were a diverse group of individuals with different methods and aspirations, and explores how these diversities challenge a narrative on missions that usually reduces them to a homogenized missiology. Much of the content focuses on the 1920s–1930s, a very unique period in the Middle East, and seeks to show the way that the historical and local context shaped the diversities of missiology. Findings suggest that missionaries, as outsiders in the process of contacting the alien culture, often crossed cultural borders, and that these cultural encounters exhibited contrasting dynamics: the exclusion and rejection of local culture was accompanied by the ‘discovery’ of Islam and the search for ‘supracultural’ components of Islamic culture.

THE (DE)FRAGMENTED JEWISH WORLD IN THE SHORT STORIES OF SYLVESTER YARYCHEVSKYI

The article is devoted to the Jewish literary image fragmentary represented in short stories of the West Ukrainian writer Sylvester Yarychevskyi (1871–1918). It is emphasized that the author mostly deals with the following imagological models: the Jewish as real, the Jewish as treacherous, the Jewish as Alien. Ethnonational stereotypes still retain their potential, however, more and more inferior to real, impartial observation. Therefore, a Jew in a tavern, Jew an exploiter, Jew an usurper, a rich Jew and others coexist with a prudent Jew, Jew a bridegroom of a Ukrainian woman, and the Jews, neighbors in a town, in Yarichevsky’s stories. Despite the typical literary images of Jews, I argue the writer sufficiently represent the national Others in terms of personal relationships and everyday contacts between Ukrainians and Jews, which is the key to weakening stereotypes and for improving the international relationships.

Nickel and cobalt release from earrings and piercing jewellery - analytical results of a German survey in 2014.

Nickel and cobalt are important metal allergens, and more knowledge on the levels of exposure to these from everyday contacts is needed. To report the results of a repeat routine surveillance scheme in the Federal Republic of Germany on the release of nickel and cobalt. Fifteen laboratories assessed earrings and piercing jewellery items from 12 of the states in 2014, complying with EN 1811:2011 + AC:2012 and using atomic absorption spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry for quantification. Kaplan-Meier analysis for left-censored data was employed to account for measurements below the limit of quantification. Nickel release exceeded 0.35 µg/cm2 per week in 26 of 160 piercing posts (16.2%), and 0.88 µg/cm2 per week in 2.0-5.9% of other parts, that is, the current respective 'pass' thresholds, with no change from the previous 2008 survey. The level of cobalt release was lower than that of nickel release, and also significantly lower than in the previous survey. The finding of the highest level of nickel release from piercing posts, with their deliberately lower threshold of acceptability, is worrying, as is the largely unchanged overall level of nickel release. A regulation on cobalt release is currently lacking; risk assessment and management based on dose-elicitation data are needed.

MYTHOLOGICAL MEANINGS OF COSMOLOGY AND ANTHROPOGONY IN MACEDONIAN FOLK CULTURE

This paper has analysed and established the basic mythic codes related tothe creation of the World, and in the process two basic codes that constitute the mythic foundation of creation have been emphasised: code no. 1 - primordial elements: air, water, fire/light, earth, soul and code no. 2 - movement. This is followed by an analysis of the mythic ideas about Man, and in this context it is interesting to mention that the process of cultural familiarization of his own body was/is experienced and was/is carried out through the forms of the everyday contacts with the outside world. Thus, the complex symbolic systems, in which the body is allocated the roles and the function of a medium, are created by means of two mutually linked relations:- the body as a unique entity, structure, micro-world, microcosm;- the World, the macro-world or the macrocosm, according to the parametersof the human body as a micro-world, or microcosm.The mythic beliefs related to the interpretation of the spatial structure of the Earth and the Cosmos contain the most archaic, initial codes of structuring human thought.

Bureaucratic resistance, acceptance, or enthusiasm in Sweden and elsewhere

To many Swedish citizens, their everyday contacts with the Church of Sweden in matters of civil registration and impediments of marriage created their strongest im pressions of the Church. Thus, as an example of ecclesiastical history of everyday life (Alltagsgeschichte), my study is of great interest from the point of view of Church history. It illustrates how the performance of the civil duties by the Church of Sweden was directed by Swedish governmental policies, often applied from an administrative level only, and handled without theological considerations. Towards the application of the Nuremberg Laws according to the Hague Convention of 1902, the Swedish clergy and laymen showed varied attitudes of bureaucratic resistance, reluctance, or acceptance. (Less)

Do “they” threaten “us” or do “we” disrespect “them”: Majority perceptions of intergroup relations and everyday contacts with immigrant minorities

The present study examined how majority perceptions of intergroup relations afford different contact experiences with immigrant minorities. Majority students attending culturally diverse high schools first completed a survey that measured the extent to which they perceived immigrant minorities as either threatening to the majority or discriminated by the majority. Two weeks later, the same majority students kept a 1-week diary of their contacts with immigrant minorities. As expected, perceived threat at premeasurement was positively associated with situated threat-related appraisals and emotions (e.g., fear) during everyday contacts with immigrant minorities 2–3 weeks later. In contrast, acknowledgment of discrimination at premeasurement was positively associated with perspective taking and enrichment-related appraisals and emotions (e.g., admiration). These findings suggest that generalized threat perceptions can become self-enforcing through repeated threatening contact experiences; but also that an alternative perception of minorities as disrespected by the majority may underlie more positive contact experiences.

Senzibilisanje zdravstvenih radnika u tretmanu osoba sa invaliditetom

Due to specificity of people with disabilities, special approach of medical workers is required: individualized and sensible for each patient at all stages of treatment. By means of personal experience and knowledge from everyday contacts with people with disabilities, perceived a need for additional support to health care providers and their empowerment for better understanding of specific problems of people with disabilities. Through actual experience from a dental practice, we bring closer techniques and methods of treatment of persons with disabilities. Presented experiences aimed at overcoming prejudices and fears in work with such patients. Through research work involving people with disabilities and their families, we have come to practical and concrete solutions, transformed into precise instructions. The study included three groups: persons affected by Poliomyelitis and Cerebral Palsy, the blind and visually impaired, deaf and persons with hearing difficulties. By following these specific instructions, all health care workers would significantly raise the level of quality of service delivered to people with disabilities and reduce personal confusion, uncertainty and doubts in dealing with such persons.

Interactions between players in the field of pasture renewal

The Pasture Renewal Leadership Group (PRLG) has undertaken four surveys among its members, dairy farmers, seed retailers and contractors to assess the effectiveness of the PRLG's communication around the topic of pasture renewal. This paper reviews these surveys and focusses on the interactions between the different respondent groups and the influence of the interactions on farmers' pasture renewal practices, based on the information sources each respondent group used and the credibility they attribute to them. The main information sources for farmers are farm consultants and scientists, whereas the other respondent groups mainly use their everyday contacts. Perceived credibility of the information sources by the information users, as well as the confidence level of the information user in decisionmaking about pasture renewal, influenced which information sources were used. However, consistency and clarity of the information itself remains an issue, due to competition amongst the information sources and the increased complexity of the knowledge behind pasture renewal. Keywords: pasture renewal, communication, interaction, information sources, survey