ObjectiveTo summarise the evidence on long-term and infrequent harms following selected spinal and paraspinal injections and denervation procedures for chronic non-cancer spine pain.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesMEDLINE, EMBASE and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature from inception to October 2023.Study selectionNon-randomised studies reporting on harms of selected interventional procedures administered to adults living with chronic axial or radicular non-cancer spine pain with ≥4 weeks of follow-up.Data extraction and synthesisA parallel guideline panel provided input on the scope, design and interpretation of this systematic review, including selection of adverse events for consideration. Systematic literature screening, data abstraction and risk of bias appraisal were conducted independently and in duplicate by pairs of reviewers. We used random-effects models for all meta-analyses and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach to evaluate the certainty of evidence.ResultsWe included 60 longitudinal studies (56 non-comparative, 4 comparative) that enrolled 4966 patients with chronic non-cancer spine-related pain. 31 studies investigated radiofrequency ablation or denervation, 22 epidural injections and 11 joint injections or nerve blocks. Low certainty evidence suggests that joint targeted steroid injection and epidural steroid injection for chronic spine pain may result in temporary altered level of consciousness (incidence: 2.1%; 95% CI 1.1% to 4.0%), joint radiofrequency nerve ablation, joint targeted steroid injection and epidural injection of local anaesthetic and steroids may result in deep infection (incidence: 0.7%; 95% CI 0.3% to 2.0%), epidural steroid injection, joint radiofrequency nerve ablation and joint targeted injection of local anaesthetic and steroids may result in dural puncture (incidence: 1.4%; 95% CI 0.5% to 4.3%), and dorsal root ganglion radiofrequency and joint radiofrequency nerve ablation with or without joint-targeted injection of steroids may result in prolonged pain or stiffness (incidence: 8.6%; 95% CI 6.3% to 11.6%). Several interventional procedures may result in metabolic complications and prolonged sensory deficits, but the supporting evidence was only very low certainty. Most complications resolved spontaneously or with conservative management.ConclusionsLow certainty evidence suggests that several common interventional procedures for chronic spine pain show risk of deep infection, dural puncture, temporary altered level of consciousness and prolonged pain or stiffness. Other harms are uncertain due to very low certainty evidence, and catastrophic outcomes were not reported in the small studies that contributed to our analyses.

NanoArduSiPM represents a paradigm shift in the ArduSiPM (Architected Detection Unit for Silicon Photomultipliers) roadmap, evolving from a standalone instrument into a high-density modular building block (36 mm × 42 mm × 3 mm, 7 g). This revision does not merely pursue miniaturization; it re-engineers the signal-processing chain to maintain high performance within a scaled-down footprint, enabling the transition from single-unit detection to scalable, distributed multi-detector systems. NanoArduSiPM is based on a three-layer architecture comprising an external scintillator and Silicon Photomultiplier (SiPM) detection module, a dedicated high-speed discrete analog front-end, and a System-on-Chip (SoC) for embedded acquisition and processing. The physical implementation adopts high-integrity PCB routing and rigorous isolation techniques designed to suppress digital–analog coupling, a critical requirement in such a compact form factor. This deterministic layout strategy provides the architectural foundation for time-tagging capabilities, currently under quantitative characterization, by addressing the fundamental sources of signal interference at the hardware level. Beyond hardware integration, NanoArduSiPM introduces the capability for extended firmware functionality, including event tagging via external inputs and the implementation of coincidence and veto logic. This framework supports the acquisition of multiple correlated histograms and allows multiple units to be interconnected on a shared SPI bus. By shifting from standalone operation to a coordinated, hierarchical architecture, NanoArduSiPM enables distributed detection schemes where event selection and correlation are handled natively within the system, reducing the dependency on external data acquisition electronics. The compact modular architecture, together with the high-performance discrete analog front-end and embedded data handling, makes NanoArduSiPM suitable for applications where low mass and low power consumption are critical, targeting applications such as space-based payloads, laboratory instrumentation, remote sensing, and large-scale distributed multi-channel detection systems. While no radiation-tolerance qualification of the complete system has been performed in this work, the microcontroller family used in the design is also available in radiation-tolerant variants, which may support future implementations targeting more demanding radiation environments.

Haiti's unprecedented sociopolitical upheavals have severely impacted health care services. Limited research exists on HIV clinic operations under such strain. We examined the potential interruptions to antiretroviral treatment (ART) provision through discrete time periods using Haiti's national HIV surveillance system. We analyzed weekly count data from HIV clinics (January 2018-December 2024). Time segments were bounded by the COVID-19 emergency period (April 2020-September 2020), hospital strikes (November 2020), the presidential assassination (July 2021), protests over increases in fuel prices (September 2022), and intensifying gang violence (March 2024). We accounted for autocorrelation in weekly time series and measured immediate, level, and trend changes in new ART enrollment. We triangulated this series with Google's weekly cell phone mobility reports to cross-validate our event selection. In Haiti, ART enrollment declined 25% from 13,304 (CY2018) to 11,773 (CY2024) people per year (mean = 222 people/week in 2024). Only the fuel protests had an immediate impact on ART enrollment (β = -111.1 [95% CI: -179.3, -42.9]) and this was isolated to the largest clinical electronic medical record. Mean weekly ART enrollment in most periods was lower. Trend visualization suggests that historical patterns of disruption followed by numerical rebound may have changed after the gang violence in 2024. ART enrollment declined substantially in Haiti from 2018 to 2024. Future work should discern whether the epidemiology of HIV transmission is changing after accounting for these health systems disruptions.

Abstract The Higgs mechanism is essential for the success of the Standard Model (SM) and can be experimentally verified with the determination of the Higgs self-coupling. As the simplest model of a Higgs potential, the SM provides a clear prediction of the Higgs self-coupling in terms of the Higgs boson mass and the vacuum expectation value. Any deviations would indicate physics beyond the SM and help guide extended Higgs models. At large enough centre-of-mass energies, double-Higgs production provides tree-level sensitivity to the trilinear Higgs self-coupling. At 550 GeV the leading production mode in $${\text {e}}^{+} {\text {e}}^{-}$$ e + e - comes from di-Higgs strahlung with a small contribution from $$\text {W} \text {W}$$ W -fusion. The most up-to-date ILD projections are extrapolated based on a full simulation analysis from 2014 by incorporating expected improvements in flavour tagging and kinematic reconstruction for event selection and are presented in this contribution together with the ongoing re-analysis using fast SGV (Simulation a Grande Vitesse) simulations of the ILD detector concept on a full SM background including the aforementioned state-of-the-art reconstruction and analysis tools.

Atomistic simulations provide essential mechanistic insights into chemical processes, yet many important phenomena in chemistry and materials science occur on time scales that are inaccessible to molecular dynamics. Existing computational approaches force a choice between atomic resolution on relatively short time scales or phenomenological descriptions of long-time behavior. Compounding this difficulty, state-of-the-art hybrid methods inadequately address common phenomena such as spatial heterogeneity and disparate reaction kinetics landscapes. Here, this gap is addressed with the introduction of the Hybrid kinetic Monte Carlo/Molecular Dynamics (HkMCMD) algorithm, which decouples reactive event selection from vibrational dynamics to enable the use of kMC for time evolution. The algorithm incorporates three key components: (1) kMC-based timekeeping that advances time according to reactive events rather than atomic vibrations; (2) dynamic reaction rate scaling that detects and escapes pseudosteady states in which fast reactions dominate; and (3) spatially resolved diffusion calculations that capture heterogeneous transport with a voxel-based analysis. Validation on model systems demonstrates accurate dynamics across nanosecond to second time scales, computational savings of up to 4 orders of magnitude for systems with disparate reaction rates, and a quantitatively accurate treatment of diffusion-limited kinetics. This approach enables atomic-scale investigation of previously inaccessible slow chemical processes while retaining full configurational detail between reactive events.

The article attempts to systematize the markers of an unreliable narrative. Based on Bakhtin's understanding of the event's actor as a "witness and judge", the narrative functions of an unreliable narrator are revealed: an unreliable witness, an unreliable "speaker" (an unreliable witness and an unreliable interpreter), and an unreliable judge. It is shown that the markers of narrative unreliability are distinguished by the levels of narrative identified by V.I. Tyupa: verbalization of narration, narrative, and narrative history. The fourth level will be the narrative structure of the text, since the construction of discourses may indicate the unreliability of the narrator. At the level of narrative verbalization, the personality traits of an unreliable narrator as a personalized witness are revealed, reflected and therefore named in his narrative: deceitfulness, forgetfulness, manipulativeness, bias, emotionality. At the narrative level, such markers are omissions of narrative episodes, the absence of a narrative episode boundary, modeling and acting out "possible" plots, and metanarrativity. At the level of narrative history, the principle of event selection may indicate the unreliability of the narrator. At the level of the narrative structure, polysubjectivity and paratextuality become markers. These markers force the reader to reconsider the reliability of the narrator and lead to the need for a reinterpretation of the text, which becomes the leading strategy for reading the text in conditions of the narrator's unreliability.

The headline of a news agency (NA) is often the only thing that allows the agency to distinguish its material against the backdrop of similar content publications from other NAs. The researcher’s interest was sparked by the contradiction that exists between the traditions of "telegraphic style," which does not assume expressive means, and the constructive principle of media language, which, on the contrary, assumes a combination of standard and expressive elements and is applied in conditions of “competition” among news headlines from IAs. The article examines the techniques of expressivization used in news agencies to attract the attention of subscriber publications to the headlines of their messages. A scheme for analyzing the expressivization of news agency headlines, which almost do not contain traditional elements of expression: marked vocabulary or figurative syntax, has been developed. It includes parameters such as the presence or absence of evaluative meaning in the headline and the informational volume. Journalists expressivize the headline, formally not violating the editorial standards for impartial and objective information presentation, while also trying to include more details in the headline to make it more informative. For the study of the concepts of informational saturation and evaluativity of the NA headline, the communicative grammar developed by G.A. Zolotova and her co-authors N.K. Onipenko and M.Yu. Sidorova was used, specifically their concepts about the possibility of measuring the informativeness of a sentence through the notions of proposition and polypropositionality, and the evaluativity through the notion of the subjective perspective of the sentence. The volume of the news agency headline was calculated by identifying predicative units within a single sentence. Methods for identifying evaluativity in headlines of news agencies have been developed. It has been determined that expressivization occurs through: the selection of events as the substantive basis of the news, placing the facts that make up the event in different components/"nodes" of the news text, and increasing the informational saturation of the text, which editors measure in facts (according to O.R. Lashyuk). As indicated in the style guides of many editorial offices, journalists should present as many facts as possible in the headline and clarify the essence of the event to the reader through the interpretation and evaluation of these facts. The assumption that information-rich headlines in semi-predicative constructions help attract the attention of subscribers has been disproven. The common belief that the headlines of NA news do not express an evaluation of the depicted event has also been disproven.

Liquid xenon time projection chambers offer a homogeneous detection medium with excellent intrinsic energy resolution, fast scintillation, and true three-dimensional position sensitivity, making them an attractive alternative to crystal-based detectors for positron emission tomography (PET). In this work, we present a new single-phase liquid xenon time projection chamber (TPC) concept optimized for medical imaging, employing combined scintillation and electroluminescence-based ionization readout to enable low-noise signal amplification and intrinsic depth-of-interaction measurement.We evaluate the system-level performance of this detector concept using Monte Carlo simulations based on OpenGATE and Geant4, with direct comparison to conventional LYSO-based PET systems. The study focuses on detection sensitivity, energy-based event selection efficiency, and reconstructed spatial resolution. While LYSO detectors provide higher absolute stopping efficiency due to their higher density, liquid xenon detectors exhibit improved photopeak purity as a result of superior intrinsic energy resolution, leading to enhanced rejection of scattered events.Point-source reconstruction studies demonstrate that the intrinsic three-dimensional position sensitivity of the liquid xenon TPC translates into a reconstructed spatial resolution of approximately 1 mm full width at half maximum (FWHM) at the system level, compared to approximately 4 mm for LYSO-based systems under comparable conditions. These results indicate that liquid-xenon-based PET detectors can achieve competitive or superior imaging performance, particularly for applications requiring high spatial resolution, large axial acceptance, and scalable detector geometries.

This study demonstrates the applicability of $$^{52}$$Mn and $$^{55}$$Co radionuclides for positronium imaging. Positronium Lifetime Imaging (PLI) extends positron emission tomography by using the lifetime of positronium atoms as a probe of tissue molecular architecture. However, its practical use requires $$\beta ^{+}$$ emitters that also provide an additional prompt $$\gamma$$ ray to mark the positron creation time. In this work, we report the first PLI measurements performed with $$^{52}$$Mn and $$^{55}$$Co using the modular J-PET. Four samples were studied in each experiment: two Certified Reference Materials (polycarbonate and fused silica) and two human tissues (cardiac myxoma and adipose). The selection of PLI events was based on the registration of two 511 keV annihilation photons and one prompt gamma in triple coincidence. From the resulting lifetime spectra we extracted the mean ortho-positronium lifetime $$\tau _{\text {oPs}}$$ and the mean positron lifetime $$\Delta T_{\text {mean}}$$ for each sample. The measured values of $$\tau _{\text {oPs}}$$ in polycarbonate using both isotopes matches well with the certified reference values. Furthermore, $$^{55}$$Co reproduced identical results for fused-silica measurements at their respective uncertainty levels. In contrast, measurements with $$^{52}$$Mn in fused silica show a minor deviation, which could be caused by the Parafilm spacer. In myxoma and adipose tissue, the reduced $$\tau _{\text {oPs}}$$ values are mainly linked to the long storage history of the samples rather than to the choice of isotope. Comparing peak-to-background ratios and spectral purity, $$^{55}$$Co provides cleaner PLI data under the same experimental conditions. Although $$^{52}$$Mn offers a longer half-life and a multi gamma cascade enhancing $$\beta ^{+}$$ + $$\gamma$$ coincidences, but at the expense of higher background. In this study, we demonstrate that the applied selection criteria on the data measured with the modular J-PET can be used for PLI studies even with radionuclides with complex decay patterns.

Sport tourism has experienced significant growth within the tourism industry, driven by the increasing demand of special interest tourists to watch or participate in sports events with local sightseeing. However, the massive volume of available information related to sport events may cause challenges to existing recommendation systems, which struggle to provide tailored suggestions for these niche tourists. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel, context-aware recommender framework that utilises the ontology-driven approach with unsupervised machine learning techniques to deliver personalised event matches for running tourists. Using an ontology-driven approach, the framework establishes a knowledge base of user profiles and running events. Furthermore, K-modes clustering was also applied to categorise participants based on their event participation characteristics, while the Apriori algorithm was used to uncover hidden relationships influencing event selection. To ensure the statistical integrity of the discovered association rule, permutation testing was implemented to mitigate bias inherent in small sample sizes. By integrating refined association rules with Jena rules, the resulting prototype offers adaptive, personalised, and contextually relevant running event recommendations that evolve with shifting user preferences and trends. The effectiveness of the prototype is confirmed through rigorous validation and evaluation across various sport tourism scenarios.

The simplified RUBY represents an efficient reporter for monitoring plant transformation and, when combined with hairy-root system in grapevine, can facilitate the application of novel CRISPR technologies and gene functional study. Monitoring successful transformation events is essential for plant transformation and genome editing. The development and application of the RUBY reporter enable effective selection of transformation events based solely on distinct red pigmentation. Here, we report that a simplified version of RUBY (siRUBY), lacking the glucosyltransferase gene, also functions effectively as a visual selection marker for plant transformation. Furthermore, the siRUBY-assisted hairy-root system was established as a rapid and efficient platform for evaluating activity of adenine base editor (ABE) in grapevine. Targeted A-to-G base editing was achieved using ABE8e, with an average efficiency of approximately 14%. Moreover, this platform is also suitable for functional investigation of genes of interest. Knockout of the MYB4a gene promoted lignin deposition, likely through upregulating key lignin biosynthesis genes while repressing transcription of downstream flavonoid biosynthesis genes. Collectively, these results demonstrate that siRUBY coupled with grapevine hairy roots provides a robust platform for rapid and efficient genome editing in grapevine.

The influence of kinematic constraints and event selection on the emergence of the alignment phenomenon observed in cosmic-ray experiments is studied within the HYDJET++ model, which is widely used for simulating heavy-ion collisions. It is demonstrated that the high degree of alignment, previously identified for realistic values of the transverse momentum disbalance of the most energetic particles, is also observed at the level of the most energetic clusters. In high-multiplicity heavy-ion collision events, the clustering procedure plays a crucial role in resolving individual particle groups on the detection plane, allowing a more accurate characterization of alignment patterns. These results highlight the combined effects of cluster formation and momentum conservation in shaping the observed azimuthal correlations.

Jet flavor tagging plays an important role in precise Standard Model measurement enabling the extraction of mass dependence in jet-quark interaction and quark-gluon plasma (QGP) interactions. They also enable inferring the nature of particles produced in high-energy particle collisions that contain heavy quarks. The classification of bottom jets is vital for exploring new Physics scenarios in the √s = 13 TeV proton-proton collisions. In this research, we present a hybrid deep learning architecture that integrates edge convolutions with transformer self-attention mechanisms, into one single architecture called the Edge Convolution Transformer (ECT) model for bottom-quark jet tagging. ECT processes track-level features (impact parameters, momentum, and their significances) alongside jet-level observables (vertex information and kinematics) to achieve state-of-the-art performance. The study utilizes the ATLAS simulation dataset [1]. We demonstrate that ECT achieves 0.9333 AUC for b-jet versus combined charm and light jet discrimination, surpassing ParticleNet (0.8904 AUC) and the pure transformer baseline (0.9216 AUC). The model maintains inference latency below 0.060 ms per jet on modern GPUs, meeting the stringent requirements for real-time event selection at the LHC. Our results demonstrate that hybrid architectures combining local and global features offer superior performance for challenging jet classification tasks. The proposed architecture achieves good results in b-jet tagging, particularly excelling in charm jet rejection (the most challenging task), while maintaining competitive light-jet discrimination comparable to pure transformer models.

The production of heavy quarks (charm and beauty) in high-energy hadronic and nuclear collisions provides an excellent testing ground for the theory of strong interactions and validates models based on quantum chromodynamics (QCD). In this work, prompt and nonprompt production of <a:math xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <a:mrow> <a:mi mathvariant="normal">J</a:mi> <a:mo>/</a:mo> </a:mrow> <a:mi>ψ</a:mi> </a:math> in <d:math xmlns:d="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <d:mi>p</d:mi> <d:mi>p</d:mi> </d:math> collisions at <f:math xmlns:f="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <f:msqrt> <f:mi>s</f:mi> </f:msqrt> <f:mo>=</f:mo> <f:mn>13</f:mn> <f:mtext> </f:mtext> <f:mtext> </f:mtext> <f:mi>TeV</f:mi> </f:math> are studied as a function of the transverse spherocity using 8. <h:math xmlns:h="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <h:mrow> <h:mi mathvariant="normal">J</h:mi> <h:mo>/</h:mo> </h:mrow> <h:mi>ψ</h:mi> </h:math> is reconstructed via its electromagnetic decay to dielectrons and dimuons, in mid- and forward rapidity, respectively. Transverse spherocity, an event-shape observable, is used to distinguish hard-QCD events from the softer, isotropic ones. In 8, the production of <k:math xmlns:k="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <k:mrow> <k:mi mathvariant="normal">J</k:mi> <k:mo>/</k:mo> </k:mrow> <k:mi>ψ</k:mi> </k:math> can be influenced by the average number of multiple parton interactions ( <n:math xmlns:n="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <n:mo stretchy="false">⟨</n:mo> <n:msub> <n:mi>N</n:mi> <n:mrow> <n:mi>mpi</n:mi> </n:mrow> </n:msub> <n:mo stretchy="false">⟩</n:mo> </n:math> ), owing to the underlying events, which have a dominant contribution to particle production at lower transverse momentum. Since transverse spherocity is correlated to <r:math xmlns:r="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <r:mo stretchy="false">⟨</r:mo> <r:msub> <r:mi>N</r:mi> <r:mrow> <r:mi>mpi</r:mi> </r:mrow> </r:msub> <r:mo stretchy="false">⟩</r:mo> </r:math> , this can serve as an experimentally accessible tool for event selection to study the underlying QCD processes influencing the prompt and nonprompt <v:math xmlns:v="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <v:mrow> <v:mi mathvariant="normal">J</v:mi> <v:mo>/</v:mo> </v:mrow> <v:mi>ψ</v:mi> </v:math> production. This study reveals the correlation between heavy-flavor production dynamics and topological event selection in <y:math xmlns:y="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <y:mi>p</y:mi> <y:mi>p</y:mi> </y:math> collisions using 8, whose relevance awaits experimental validation.

Abstract. Fat ray travel time tomography was used to obtain reliable high-resolution subsurface images in the geothermal testbed of the Bedretto Underground Laboratory for Geosciences and Geoenergies (BedrettoLab). The aim of the research was to better understand the relationship between structural features and the seismicity induced by hydraulic stimulation tests. Eight boreholes were used to provide a large data set comprising 41 881 manually picked first breaks. Our results demonstrate that the fat ray approach offers improved image quality compared to traditional ray-based methods. The 3D model was further validated using ground-truth information from wireline logs and geological observations. We successfully imaged a major fault zone (MFZ) that exhibits a complex structure including considerable heterogeneity. Relocation of passive seismic events generated during hydraulic stimulations indicates that the 3D velocity model has only a minor influence on hypocentral parameters. However, comparing a selection of well-constrained seismic events with the velocity structures revealed a remarkable spatial correlation. Most events occurred in regions of intermediate and slightly decreased seismic velocities, thereby avoiding both high- and very low-velocity zones. Based on small-scale laboratory studies, we speculate that these observations can be explained by the presence of stress gradients in the intermediate-velocity zones.

Event cameras provide microsecond-level temporal resolution, low latency, and high dynamic range, enabling robust perception under fast motion and challenging lighting conditions. Nevertheless, event streams are susceptible to background activity, thermal noise, and hot pixels. Their sparse and irregular patterns can corrupt event structures and degrade downstream tasks. We propose MSF, a multi-level spatiotemporal filtering framework that couples motion-compensated aggregation with neighborhood-level verification. In each temporal window, MSF estimates a constant 2D optical flow by maximizing a robust, density-normalized contrast objective on the image of warped events (IWE). We further incorporate polarity-gradient decorrelation to suppress mixed-polarity noise and an explicit peak-suppression regularizer to avoid hot-pixel-induced degeneracy. The motion parameters are optimized via coarse grid initialization followed by gradient-ascent refinement. Based on the estimated motion, MSF performs hierarchical event selection: central events are extracted from high-confidence aggregated regions, local events are recovered through joint spatial-temporal-directional-polarity consistency, and weak border events are identified using a density-normalized probabilistic support model that rewards support from reliable structures while penalizing self-clustering. Experiments on four public benchmarks (DVSNOISE20, DVSMOTION20, DVSCLEAN, and E-MLB) show that MSF consistently improves the Event Structural Ratio (ESR) and outperforms representative baselines across diverse motion regimes and severe low-light noise.

Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is one of the most serious complications of deep brain stimulation (DBS). Reported incidence varies widely due to differences in surgical technique, patient selection, and definitions of hemorrhagic events. This meta-analysis provides an updated estimation of ICH risk in modern DBS practice, focusing on data from high-volume centers published within the last decade. Following PRISMA 2020 principles, we searched PubMed/MEDLINE and Scopus for studies published between June 30, 2014, and June 30, 2024. Eligible studies were single-center cohorts or case series including more than 100 patients undergoing DBS for neurological, movement, or psychiatric disorders. Thirty studies comprising 9634 patients and 17,517 implanted electrodes met inclusion criteria. Pooled proportions were calculated using random-effects models. Subgroup analyses examined the effect of surgical technique (MER vs. non-MER), hemorrhage laterality, and symptomatic versus asymptomatic events. Meta-regression assessed the association between annual electrode volume and ICH risk. The pooled incidence of ICH was 2.74% per patient, 1.49% per electrode, and 2.35% per procedure. MER-based procedures showed a slightly higher ICH rate (2.89%) than non-MER (2.16%), although the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.706). Unilateral hemorrhages accounted for 83% of all ICHs, and symptomatic events represented 54.4% of cases. Higher annual electrode volume was significantly associated with lower hemorrhage rates (p < 0.001). Modern DBS is associated with a relatively low risk of intracranial hemorrhage, particularly in experienced, high-volume centers. The predominance of unilateral and symptomatic events highlights the importance of careful perioperative monitoring.

Abstract In the IceCube Neutrino Observatory, a signal of astrophysical neutrinos is obscured by backgrounds from atmospheric neutrinos and muons produced in cosmic-ray interactions. IceCube event selections used to isolate the astrophysical neutrino signal often focus on the morphology of the light patterns recorded by the detector. The analyses presented here use the new IceCube Enhanced Starting Track Event Selection (ESTES), which identifies events likely generated by muon–neutrino interactions within the detector geometry, focusing on neutrino energies of 1–500 TeV with a median angular resolution of 1.4 ° . Selecting for starting-track events filters out not only the atmospheric-muon background but also the atmospheric-neutrino background in the southern sky. This improves IceCube’s muon–neutrino sensitivity to southern-sky neutrino sources, especially for Galactic sources that are not expected to produce a substantial flux of neutrinos above 100 TeV. In this work, the ESTES sample was applied for the first time to search for astrophysical sources of neutrinos, including a search for diffuse neutrino emission from the Galactic plane. No significant excesses were identified from any of the analyses; however, constraining limits are set on the hadronic emission from TeV gamma-ray Galactic plane objects and models of the diffuse Galactic plane neutrino flux.

This study investigated the influence of guidance and counseling strategies on sports talent identification and event selection among young athletes in tertiary institutions in Niger State, Nigeria. The purpose of the study was to examine athletes’ awareness, attitude, participation, and the challenges associated with the use of guidance and counseling in sports talent development. A descriptive survey research design was adopted. The population of the study comprised young athletes drawn from selected tertiary institutions. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection, and its validity was established through expert review, while reliability was determined using the split-half method, yielding a coefficient of 0.60. Data collected were analyzed using mean and standard deviation. The findings revealed high awareness and positive attitudes toward guidance and counseling strategies among young athletes. Participation in counseling activities was moderate to high, although several challenges such as inadequate trained counselors and weak collaboration between coaches and counselors were identified. The study concluded that guidance and counseling are essential for effective sports talent identification and event selection. It was recommended that counseling services be strengthened and fully integrated into institutional sports programmes to enhance athlete development and reduce wrong placement in sports events.

Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided drainage is widely used for postoperative pancreatic fluid collections (PO-PFCs). However, concerns regarding adverse events persist. We aimed to assess clinical outcomes and identify risk factors for adverse events following endoscopic ultrasound-guided drainage of postoperative pancreatic fluid collections after distal pancreatectomy. We retrospectively analyzed 124 patients who underwent EUS-guided drainage for PO-PFCs following distal pancreatectomy. The clinical and procedural data were also evaluated. Risk factors for adverse events and post-procedural bleeding were identified using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Subgroup analyses were performed before and after the introduction of the electrocautery-enhanced lumen-apposing metal stent (EC-LAMS). Technical and clinical success rates were 100% and 92.7%, respectively. Adverse events occurred in 25.8% (32/124) of patients. Moderate-to-severe bleeding occurred in 11 patients, of whom 10 required embolization or emergency surgery. Paracolic gutter extension was an independent risk factor for adverse events. Factors associated with post-procedural bleeding included paracolic extension, longer procedure time, antiplatelet or anticoagulant use, and the combined use of electrocautery and mechanical dilators. In the subgroup analysis before and after EC-LAMS introduction, adverse events were less frequent (31.9% vs. 18.2%), but the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.10). EUS-guided drainage of PO-PFCs is effective but carries the risk of adverse events. Ongoing refinements in the technique and device design appear to have improved safety over time. Careful case selection and early recognition of adverse events are essential for optimizing patient outcomes.