Evaluation Of Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Research Articles

Economic evaluation of human papillomavirus vaccination in the Global South: a systematic review.

Many reviews have been conducted on the economic evaluation of the HPV vaccine in global north countries. But there is a dearth of such reviews in the Global South countries. Hence, this systematic review aims to summarize studies done in these countries. Four databases PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar from 2009 to 2019 were searched for economic evaluations on HPV vaccination in the Global South countries. PRISMA guidelines were followed to include full-text articles. 40 original articles were shortlisted for full-text review. Studies had varied models, assumptions, and results according to different scenarios. Most studies concluded HPV vaccination to be cost-effective under varied scenarios and vaccine cost was the most influential parameter affecting the sensitivity analyses, consequently incremental cost-effectiveness ratio. A wide range in the cost-effectiveness ratio was observed in the included studies due to different study settings, populations, and inconsistencies in modeling practices (variations in methodological approaches). This review suggests the introduction of HPV vaccination alone or in combination with screening according to different countries. The price of the vaccine should be economical and funds for the vaccine should be provided by public sector firms.

Evaluation of Human Papillomavirus Vaccination After Pharmacist-Led Intervention: A Pilot Project in an Ambulatory Clinic at a Large Academic Urban Medical Center

ObjectivesDespite the safety and efficacy of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, many persons are still not receiving it. The purpose of this pilot project was to evaluate the number of first doses of the 9-valent HPV (9vHPV) vaccination administered after a pharmacist-led intervention in the Adult Family Planning Clinic at Grady Health System (GHS), a large academic urban medical center in Atlanta, Georgia.MethodsThe pilot project had 3 phases: pre-intervention (November 15, 2016, through March 31, 2017), active intervention (November 15, 2017, through December 29, 2017), and post-intervention (December 30, 2017, through March 31, 2018). The pre-intervention phase was used as a historical control. The active intervention phase consisted of pharmacist interventions in the clinic and patient and health care provider education. The post-intervention phase evaluated the durability of pharmacist-led interventions performed and education provided during the active phase.ResultsEighty-nine first-dose 9vHPV vaccines (of the 3-dose series) were administered to young adults aged 18-26 during the project period (November 15, 2017, through March 31, 2018); none were administered during the pre-intervention phase. Of 89 patients who received a first 9vHPV vaccine dose, 20 patients also received a second 9vHPV vaccine dose. During the project period, 166 doses of 9vHPV vaccine (first, second, or third doses) were administered.ConclusionThis pharmacist-led intervention led to an increase in the number of young adult patients receiving their first dose of the 9vHPV vaccination series. With the support of other health care providers, pharmacist-led initiatives can expand vaccine-related health literacy and facilitate access to immunization services.

Current status of human papillomavirus vaccination in India's cervical cancer prevention efforts.

Efforts are being made to scale up human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination for adolescent girls in India. Bivalent and quadrivalent HPV vaccines were licensed in the country in 2008, and a nonavalent vaccine was licensed in 2018. Demonstration projects initiated in Andhra Pradesh and Gujarat in 2009 introduced HPV vaccination in public health services in India. Following a few deaths in these projects, although subsequently deemed unrelated to vaccination, HPV vaccination in research projects was suspended. This suspension by default resulted in some participants in a trial evaluating two versus three doses receiving only one dose. Since 2016, the successful introduction of HPV vaccination in immunisation programmes in Punjab and Sikkim (with high coverage and safety), government-sponsored opportunistic vaccination in Delhi, prospects of a single dose providing protection, and future availability of an affordable Indian vaccine shows promise for future widespread implementation and evaluation of HPV vaccination in India.

Systematic review and evidence synthesis of non-cervical human papillomavirus-related disease health system costs and quality of life estimates

BackgroundMany economic evaluations of human papillomavirus vaccination should ideally consider multiple disease outcomes, including anogenital warts, respiratory papillomatosis and non-cervical cancers (eg, anal, oropharyngeal, penile, vulvar and vaginal cancers). However,...

Health economic evaluation of Human Papillomavirus vaccines in women from Venezuela by a lifetime Markov cohort model

BackgroundCervical cancer (CC) and genital warts (GW) are a significant public health issue in Venezuela. Our objective was to assess the cost-effectiveness of the two available vaccines, bivalent and quadrivalent, against Human Papillomavirus (HPV) in Venezuelan girls in order to inform decision-makers.MethodsA previously published Markov cohort model, informed by the best available evidence, was adapted to the Venezuelan context to evaluate the effects of vaccination on health and healthcare costs from the perspective of the healthcare payer in an 11-year-old girls cohort of 264,489. Costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) were discounted at 5%. Eight scenarios were analyzed to depict the cost-effectiveness under alternative vaccine prices, exchange rates and dosing schemes. Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed.ResultsCompared to screening only, the bivalent and quadrivalent vaccines were cost-saving in all scenarios, avoiding 2,310 and 2,143 deaths, 4,781 and 4,431 CCs up to 18,459 GW for the quadrivalent vaccine and gaining 4,486 and 4,395 discounted QALYs respectively. For both vaccines, the main determinants of variations in the incremental costs-effectiveness ratio after running deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were transition probabilities, vaccine and cancer-treatment costs and HPV 16 and 18 distribution in CC cases. When comparing vaccines, none of them was consistently more cost-effective than the other. In sensitivity analyses, for these comparisons, the main determinants were GW incidence, the level of cross-protection and, for some scenarios, vaccines costs.ConclusionsImmunization with the bivalent or quadrivalent HPV vaccines showed to be cost-saving or cost-effective in Venezuela, falling below the threshold of one Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita (104,404 VEF) per QALY gained. Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of these results.

Progress in clinical immunology of human papillomavirus vaccines

Persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infections have been identified as the main causes of cervical cancer. HPV vaccination has become the preferred option for the prevention of cervical cancer and pre-cancerous lesions. The effectiveness of vaccination could be indirectly reflected in the level of anti-HPV antibody. Therefore, immunogenicity analysis plays an important role in the clinical evaluation of HPV vaccines. Up to now, three HPV vaccines including Cervarix®, Gardasil® and Gardasil® 9 have been licensed in many countries, but a standard assay for assessing the immunogenicity of HPV vaccines has not been established. Currently, pseudovirion-based neutralization assay (PBNA), ELISA and competitive luminex immunoassay(cLIA) are the three major assays widely used in clinical trials of HPV vaccines. This study reviewed the traits of the three assays, the immunogenicity and durability of the three HPV vaccines, as well as the immune responses induced in different populations. Key words: Human papillomavirus; Vaccine; Immunogenicity; Cervical cancer

Health economic evaluation of human papillomavirus vaccines in the developing countries: systematic reviews

Cervical carcinoma has brought huge burden on patients, especially in developing countries. Preventive vaccines could effectively reduce the incidence of cervical carcinoma. The high prices were one of the most difficult problem in introducing the vaccine in developing countries, so the cost-effectiveness and health financing of the vaccines should be carefully studied before incorporated into the national immunization program. Thus, researchers used mathematical models to predict the effects of HPV vaccines and to study the cost- effectiveness. In order to understand the current situation on the cost-effectiveness of HPV vaccines in the developing countries, a systematic searching of literature from PubMed, Elsevier Science Direct, Medline, ProQuest, CNKI and Wangfang Data was performed, this study aims to conduct a systematic review from aspects of project source, first author, research areas, research perspectives, prevention strategies, vaccine characteristics, cost-effectiveness.

The impact of genital warts: loss of quality of life and cost of treatment in eight sexual health clinics in the UK

ObjectivesTo estimate the loss of quality of life and cost of treatment associated with genital warts seen in sexual health clinics.MethodsA cross-sectional questionnaire study and case note review of individuals...

Systemic Review for Efficacy of Human Papillomavirus Vaccines

Two human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines (Gardasil ® and Cevarix TM ) were launched between 2006~2007. Clinical trials have been performed in several countries. However, it takes few decades to measure HPV vaccine efficacy for the protection of cervical cancer. Therefore, several surrogate markers such as seroconversion rate, presence of HPV DNA, and cytological/ histological abnormalities have been evaluated. Until now, long-term follow-up data for 5 years (Gardasil) and for 8.4 years (Cevarix) were available from international trials. However, only seroconversion rate at 4 weeks after vaccination and safety were evaluated in Korea. It is necessary to establish a reference laboratory and long-term follow-up monitoring system for the proper evaluation of HPV vaccines in Korea.

Economic evaluation of human papillomavirus vaccination in the United Kingdom

Objective To assess the cost effectiveness of routine vaccination of 12 year old schoolgirls against human papillomavirus infection in the United Kingdom.Design Economic evaluation.Setting UK.Population Schoolgirls aged 12 or older.Main...