Performance Evaluation Of Detection Research Articles

AMTSO: the test of time?

The Anti-Malware Testing Standards Organisation (AMTSO) was formally founded in May 2008. 1 Since then, the organisation has generated some serious documentation and even, from time to time, managed some (often controversial) press coverage. 2,3 That in itself is something of an achievement, considering that the eyes of many journalists glaze over at the very mention of testing. They often don't perceive it as difficult or challenging: there is a whole school of quick-and-dirty product reviews in generalist computer magazines where non-specialists attempt some evaluation of detection performance.

Sparse Occlusion Detection with Optical Flow

We tackle the problem of detecting occluded regions in a video stream. Under assumptions of Lambertian reflection and static illumination, the task can be posed as a variational optimization problem, and its solution approximated using convex minimization. We describe efficient numerical schemes that reach the global optimum of the relaxed cost functional, for any number of independently moving objects, and any number of occlusion layers. We test the proposed algorithm on benchmark datasets, expanded to enable evaluation of occlusion detection performance, in addition to optical flow.

Evaluation of Detection Performance of Turbidity Analysis for Alcohol–extracted Hydrocarbons by Comparison with Other Analytical Methods for Petroleum in Soil Samples

Petroleum hydrocarbons scattering over the surface and the subsurface environment give degradation of the quality of soil and water resources, resulting in substantial health risks to the human beings, plants and animals. To remove petroleum from the ground, it is supposed that the petroleum be extracted directly from the site or the ground be remediated by decomposing petroleum using oxidizing agents. However, a problem involved in the work is to know how large and deep it is in the ground when taking care of petroleum as a pollutant in the ground. It is important to effectively track petroleum leaked into the environment in a simple and quick manner. On–site screening methods have been desired, therefore, across the world for wide application to the inspection of hydrocarbon contaminants in soil. We already reported an easy method based on a turbidity analytical technique to quickly and semi–quantitatively detect organic compounds through a simple procedure using ordinary chemicals and common equipment at a site (Sakai et al., 2011). Organic compounds can be detected at concentration levels of 2,000 to 15,000 mg kg –1 . The indication of the presence of petroleum suggests that the ground be polluted with the pollutant at the site. But the performance could be influenced by a variety of factors such as soil properties or texture, water contents and chemical characteristics of petroleum in soil samples. In this study, we compared the performance of the turbidity analysis with that of two other methods commonly used in laboratories or gravimetry and gas chromatography–flame ionization detection (GC–FID). We also evaluated the ability of a turbidity analysis–based screening method using a typically available test–kit in the market based on the turbidimetry analytical principle.

차량감지를 위한 이방성 자기저항센서 모듈의 설계

This paper is about the design of 3-axis magnetic sensor module which detects parking and moving vehicle. For the sensor module, MR Sensor from Honeywell of which maximum measurement range is ±2[G] is used. It also consisted of amplifier and sensor filter and fabricated 30×50[㎜] PCB. Fabricated sensor module produced helmholtz coil of which the length is 1.2[m] of 3-axis to know the performance. It installed sensor module at the center and measured the detected magnetic field. In result, 3-axis were detected as 0.2∼0.3[mG] and the drift of the fluctuation of magnetic field was stabilized at 0.03[mG] unit. For the performance evaluation of the vehicle detection, after the entry and parking of the vehicle, variation of magnetic field was measured as 0.323∼0.695[G] which the average 0.5[G] of the earth magnetic field was the center and the range of variation was confirmed as 0.37[G]. Therefore, the designed magnetic sensor can be used as the vehicle detection sensor module.

Thallous chalcogenide (Tl6I4Se) for radiation detection at X-ray and γ-ray energies

Abstract The optical and charge transport properties of the thallous chalcogenide compound Tl 6 I 4 Se were characterized. The semiconductor crystals are grown by the modified Bridgman method. We have measured the refractive index, and absorption coefficient of the compound ranging from 300 to 1500 nm by analysis of the UV–vis–near IR transmission and reflection spectra. The band gap is 1.8 eV. For the evaluation of detector performance, the mobility-lifetime products for both the electron and hole carriers were measured. Tl 6 I 4 Se has mobility-lifetime products of 7.1×10 −3 and 5.9×10 −4 cm 2 /V for electron and hole carriers, respectively, which are comparable to those of Cd 0.9 Zn 0.1 Te. The γ-ray spectrum for a Tl 6 I 4 Se detector was measured. Its response to the 122 keV of 57 Co source is comparable to that of Cd 0.9 Zn 0.1 Te.

Performance Evaluation of Iris Region Detection and Localization for Biometric Identification System

Performance Evaluation of Iris Region Detection and Localization for Biometric Identification System

Kalman-based strategies for Fault Detection and Identification (FDI): Extensions and critical evaluation for a buffer tank system

Abstract This paper is concerned with the application of Kalman filter based methods for Fault Detection and Identification (FDI). The original Kalman based method, formulated for bias faults only, is extended for three more fault types, namely the actuator or sensor being stuck, sticky or drifting. To benchmark the proposed method, a nonlinear buffer tank system is simulated as well as its linearized version. This method based on the Kalman filter delivers good results for the linear version of the system and much worse for the nonlinear version, as expected. To alleviate this problem, the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) is investigated as a better alternative to the Kalman filter. Next to the evaluation of detection and diagnosis performance for several faults, the effect of dynamics on fault identification and diagnosis as well as the effect of including the time of fault occurrence as a parameter in the diagnosis task are investigated.

天基可见光相机探测距离仿真分析

The range of detection is one important specification for expressing the ability of detection and recognition of space-based optical camera.According to the principles of photometry and radiometry,through analysis of the target luminosity characteristics,the sky background characteristics and the CCD SNR characteristics,SNR model was established.According to the connection between the pixel numbers and the detection result,the relationship among SNR,detection distance and detection result was obtained.At last,taking the SBV sensor developed by American,the simulation and calculation were made through Matlab.All of this can provide reference for performance evaluation of the space-based optical detection and the sensor design.

HFSW Radar Model: Simulation and Measurement

High-frequency surface-wave (HFSW) radars are usually used to remotely measure oceanographic parameters. These systems can also potentially detect targets beyond the conventional microwave radar coverage. In this paper, the backscattered Doppler spectrum made up of the sea clutter, ship echoes, and the background noise has been modeled. Taking into account the propagation and the signal-processing effects, a range-Doppler image has been generated. This model can be used for different purposes like the (theoretical) evaluation of detection performance. This paper gives an overview of the theoretical elements for modeling the backscatter signal. The processing effects on the range-Doppler image and the time-evolving target signature are also introduced. Some of the simulated elements and the obtained range-Doppler images are compared with real data. Finally, from this model, the detection capabilities of HFSW radars are evaluated.

A software for performance evaluation and comparison of people detection and tracking methods in video processing

Digital video content analysis is an important item for multimedia content-based indexing (MCBI), content-based video retrieval (CBVR) and visual surveillance systems. There are some frequently-use...

Performance evaluation of fault-branch detection in TDM passive optical networks by spectral analysis of interferometric signals

A new fault-branch detection scheme is proposed to troubleshoot the breaks of any distribution fibers in a time-division multiplexing (TDM) passive optical network. We employ a continuous optical frequency sweeper at the optical line terminal (OLT) and an interferometric (IF) device at each optical network unit (ONU). By analyzing the spectrum of the returned combined signals at the OLT, we can obtain the status of all branches. This detection method not only uses a small optical frequency band for surveillance monitoring, but is also simple to operate. Furthermore, a modified architecture is proposed to relax the specifications of IF devices. The tolerance of the IF device length was analyzed using the Monte---Carlo simulation method.

WE-E-201C-01: Evaluation of a Small-Field Prototype Imager Based on a Fiber Optic Scintillation Glass Array (FOSGA): An Emerging Technology for Low Dose Megavoltage Cone-Beam CT

Purpose: To evaluate a small‐field prototype megavoltage x‐ray imager based on a fiber optic scintillation glass array (FOSGA) being developed for low dose megavoltage cone‐beam CT.Method and Materials: FOSGA is an emerging technology for superior megavoltage imaging based on high quantum efficiency scintillation glass fibers inserted into a tungsten‐polymer septal grid and coupled to a‐Si flat‐panels. Recent theoretical studies showed that it can provide an order‐of‐magnitude improvement in image quality compared to current phosphor screen flat‐panels based on modulation transfer function(MTF) and detectivequantum efficiency (DQE) models. A prototype FOSGA detector (8 cm × 8 cm, 9 mm thickness) was constructed using 0.9 mm diameter scintillation glass fibers (1.1 mm pitch, 0.1 mm septa). Detector components were obtained and assembled using patented technology for grid fabrication (tomoltihographic molding), fiber drawing, and mechanized fiber insertion. Preliminary imaging was performed with 6 MV x‐rays to evaluate detector performance and image quality via measurements of pixel sensitivity and uniformity, MTF, and DQE. Results: The structural accuracy of the detector assembly was validated using optical scans and uniformity measurements (< 50 ⌈ m fabrication accuracy, 100% fiber insertion). The prototype FOSGA imager provided good image quality (theoretical DQE limit ∼ 0.07 at 0 cy/mm for this geometry), indicating significant improvement over current megavoltage imagers (DQE < 0.02). Conclusion: The successful construction and implementation of our prototype detector demonstrated the feasibility of accurately fabricating structured scintillator arrays. The image quality measurements will be used as a benchmark for a future large‐field imaging system using thicker scintillator arrays with finer sampling (DQE ∼ 0.25 at 0 cy/mm expected). The superior imaging properties of FOSGA supported by viable mechanisms for cost effective fabrication make it a strong candidate for low dose megavoltage cone‐beam CT with soft‐tissue contrast visualization.

Performance evaluation of detectors for perpendicular recording systems

This paper evaluates the performance of detectors with d = 1 constraint for perpendicular recording systems under assumptions of nonlinear distortion. Nonlinear distortions considered are transition jitter and DC-offset. Detectors used in this study are the partial response maximum likelihood (PRML), noise-predictive maximum likelihood (NPML), fixed delay tree search with decision feedback (FDTS/DF), dual decision feedback equalizer (DDFE) and multilevel decision feedback equalizer (MDFE). Their performances are discussed in terms of mean squared error (MSE) and noise power spectra of equalizer at discrimination point and similarity of frequency response between overall system and partial response (PR) target polynomial.

Performance evaluation of detection of Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum signals over a flat fading channel

Performance evaluation of detection of Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum signals over a flat fading channel

Unsupervised Change Detection for Satellite Images Using Dual-Tree Complex Wavelet Transform

In this paper, an unsupervised change-detection method for multitemporal satellite images is proposed. The algorithm exploits the inherent multiscale structure of the dual-tree complex wavelet transform (DT-CWT) to individually decompose each input image into one low-pass subband and six directional high-pass subbands at each scale. To avoid illumination variation issue possibly incurred in the low-pass subband, only the DT-CWT coefficient difference resulted from the six high-pass subbands of the two satellite images under comparison is analyzed in order to decide whether each subband pixel intensity has incurred a change. Such a binary decision is based on an unsupervised thresholding derived from a mixture statistical model, with a goal of minimizing the total error probability of change detection. The binary change-detection mask is thus formed for each subband, and all the produced subband masks are merged by using both the intrascale fusion and the interscale fusion to yield the final change-detection mask. For conducting the performance evaluation of change detection, the proposed DT-CWT-based unsupervised change-detection method is exploited for both the noise-free and the noisy images. Extensive simulation results clearly show that the proposed algorithm not only consistently provides more accurate detection of small changes but also demonstrates attractive robustness against noise interference under various noise types and noise levels.

Transmit-reference UWB system based on m-sequence codes

In this article, a novel transmit-reference (TR) signaling scheme is proposed for ultra-wideband (UWB) system, where by invoking m-sequence codes the reference and data pulses can be transmitted side by side to increase the data rate. This structure enables demodulation with a simple and practical autocorrelation receiver despite existence of severe inter-pulse interference (IPI). To evaluate detection performance of the new designs, closed-form expression for bit error probability (BRP) is theoretically derived and simulation results confirm the analytical results. In addition, the proposed scheme can be extended to M-ary systems to further improve the data rate and power efficiency.

Evaluation of 109Cd Detection Performance of a Real-Time RI Imaging System for Plant Research

In this study, real-time imaging using γ-emitting nuclide, 109Cd, was studied and sensitivity and resolution of the system we developed was evaluated. When RI was applied to the plant, the radiation from the RI distributed throughout the plant was converted to visible light by a scintillator. Then, this weak light was multiplied by a micro-channel plate(MCP)and photographed by a charge-coupled device(CCD)camera. 109Cd emits 88keV γ-rays together with 22keV X-rays, and therefore it is necessary to investigate effective condition for designing an observation system for the measurement of radiation from 109Cd. Analysis was performed to determine which rays, γ-rays or X-rays, were mainly detected by this system and the optimal scintillator thickness for imaging 109Cd was investigated. Then the sensitivity and resolution of the system was evaluated.

Detection and orbit determination of a satellite executing low thrust maneuvers

Concern for the safety of (and risk to) valued space assets has motivated the interest in processes and procedures that enable timely detection of maneuvers for satellites tracked by current and future surveillance systems. The timely detection of maneuvers provides for responsiveness in follow-up tracking, which is crucial for post-maneuver orbit characterization. However, availability and location of surveillance resources may not always allow timely detection and follow-up. Real tracking data for a maneuvering satellite, operated by the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), were used for detection and process performance evaluation. This Low Earth Orbiting (LEO) satellite carried a small thruster that was used for routine orbit maintenance. Range and angles tracking data were obtained over the year 2007. In addition, burn logs for all executed maneuvers were obtained from the satellite operations to support validation of analysis done for this study. Periodic finite burn maneuvers were performed throughout the mission lifetime, sometimes in a sequence separated by hours, providing reference data for use in addressing a variety of maneuver scenarios. The ability to detect and assess maneuvers assuming no a priori maneuver information is examined for single and multiple maneuver scenarios. Batch least-squares (BLSQ) and extended Kalman filter (EKF) orbit determination strategies are applied, analyzed and compared to determine the performance sensitivity to maneuver knowledge. The comparisons examine the reliability in detecting specific maneuvers, the orbit determination performance in processing over the maneuvers, and the subsequent prediction performance resulting from the state estimates. In addition, the techniques presented can also be applied to detecting and supporting resolution of on-board anomalies that might occur on cooperative space assets.

A Model for Generating Synthetic VHF SAR Forest Clutter Images

We propose a model for generating low-frequency synthetic aperture radar (SAR) clutter that relates model parameters to physical characteristics of the scene. The model includes both distributed scattering and large-amplitude discrete clutter responses. The model also incorporates the SAR imaging process, which introduces correlation among image pixels. The model may be used to generate synthetic clutter for a range of environmental operating conditions for use in target detection performance evaluation of the radar and automatic target detection/recognition algorithms. We derive a statistical representation of the proposed clutter model's pixel amplitudes and compare with measured data from the CARABAS-II SAR. Simulated clutter images capture the structure and amplitude responses seen in the measured data. A statistical analysis shows an order of magnitude improvement in model fit error compared with standard maximum-likelihood (ML) density fitting methods.

Framework for Performance Evaluation of Face, Text, and Vehicle Detection and Tracking in Video: Data, Metrics, and Protocol

Common benchmark data sets, standardized performance metrics, and baseline algorithms have demonstrated considerable impact on research and development in a variety of application domains. These resources provide both consumers and developers of technology with a common framework to objectively compare the performance of different algorithms and algorithmic improvements. In this paper, we present such a framework for evaluating object detection and tracking in video: specifically for face, text, and vehicle objects. This framework includes the source video data, ground-truth annotations (along with guidelines for annotation), performance metrics, evaluation protocols, and tools including scoring software and baseline algorithms. For each detection and tracking task and supported domain, we developed a 50-clip training set and a 50-clip test set. Each data clip is approximately 2.5 minutes long and has been completely spatially/temporally annotated at the I-frame level. Each task/domain, therefore, has an associated annotated corpus of approximately 450,000 frames. The scope of such annotation is unprecedented and was designed to begin to support the necessary quantities of data for robust machine learning approaches, as well as a statistically significant comparison of the performance of algorithms. The goal of this work was to systematically address the challenges of object detection and tracking through a common evaluation framework that permits a meaningful objective comparison of techniques, provides the research community with sufficient data for the exploration of automatic modeling techniques, encourages the incorporation of objective evaluation into the development process, and contributes useful lasting resources of a scale and magnitude that will prove to be extremely useful to the computer vision research community for years to come.