This study maps European countries’ resilience to cognitive warfare by developing a cross-national composite measure. The framework integrates three pillars: information ecology, institutional-digital capacity, and socioeconomic context—drawing on a systemic perspective linking social structures to societal functions. Publicly available secondary indicators are compiled from online sources for EU (European Union) and EEA (European Economics Area) states. The dataset is examined through descriptive analysis, association testing, multivariate modelling, dimensionality reduction to derive a composite resilience score, and unsupervised clustering to produce a country typology. Indicators capture governance effectiveness, e-government maturity, public-sector AI (Artificial Intelligence) readiness, digital connectivity and infrastructure, media freedom and broader media-ecosystem quality, academic freedom, and socioeconomic vulnerabilities such as youth labour market exclusion. Results show that resilience aligns most strongly with institutional capacity and governance performance; a healthy ecology acts as a reinforcing layer. Digital infrastructure appears necessary but insufficient without capable, credible institutions and coherent public policy. Socioeconomic vulnerabilities tend to erode resilience and heighten susceptibility to hostile cognitive influence. The study concludes that policy efforts should prioritise governance integrity and effectiveness, end-to-end digital government, responsible public-sector AI capability, and safeguards for media and academic autonomy, alongside measures that improve youth inclusion.

Abstract This paper analyzes the intellectual foundations and evolution of the European Journal of Law and Economics (EJLE) over its first thirty years. We first reconstruct the European intellectual traditions underlying law and economics—Enlightenment thought, the German Historical School, ordoliberalism, and comparative institutional analysis—and their role in shaping the journal’s founding mission. We then complement this historical analysis with a comprehensive, data-driven study of all EJLE articles published since 1994. Using topic modeling (BERTopic) and abstract-similarity clustering, we document the journal’s thematic structure, its evolution over time, and changes in authorship, collaboration, and geographic composition. The results highlight both continuity and rebalancing within a methodologically plural and institutionally grounded research agenda.

Is there a European law and economics? A reflection on identity, method, and national traditions

Climate change is a significant and material risk to the global economy. This paper investigates the impact of climate change on sovereign credit ratings and on long-term rates. The three pillars of the research are (1) the analysis of the scoring methodology of Credit Rating Agencies, (2) the empirical investigation how the climate change vulnerability risk and readiness channels into the ratings of Fitch, Moody’s, and S&P, and (3) into long-term sovereign borrowing costs. The climate change risk in credit ratings and borrowing costs has been estimated with the Arellano-Bond general method of moments (GMM) estimators. We find that the impact of climate change risks on sovereign credit ratings is not consistently negative and statistically significant. Carbon emissions have become reflected in ratings since the Paris Agreement in 2015. 1 1 The authors gratefully acknowledge the useful comments from Ian Vollbracht (JRC Ispra, S3) and Caterina Rho (JRC Ispra, B1). The finalization of the paper benefited from comments from and discussions with participants at the 7th JRC Summer School on Sustainable Finance, Italy 10-11 July 2025 and at the 7th International Conference on European Economics and Politics 12-13 June 2025, University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy.

Abstract This paper explores the identity and contributions of the German Law and Economics Association (GLEA) within the broader European Law & Economics landscape. We examine GLEA’s distinctive features, its role in bridging economics and legal scholarship, and consider whether a unique “European” approach to law and economics exists.

This study examines the interconnectedness between climate-related risks and Europe's five major stock markets, which aims to become the first continent with a net-zero emissions balance with daily data from April 16, 2013, to December 29, 2023.We employ two methodologies: Quantile Connectedness to investigate the impact of climate risks on stock market volatility in different market circumstances and Quantile Time-Frequency Connectedness to examine the short-and long-term spillover effects.Our results indicate that transition and physical risks have asymmetric effects on market indices, which are particularly pronounced during crisis periods.The study emphasizes that European markets are heterogeneous with respect to climate risks and that these differences create systemic risk diversification.Therefore, strategies to address climate risks need to be tailored to country specificities.

This paper examines the main challenges facing the integration of media culture education in higher education in Bulgaria. The authors argue for the choice of "media culture" as a course name with the provision of theoretical and practical-applied knowledge for the perception and analysis of the impact of various media forms, public communications and types of content in a cultural, social, educational, technological, and economic context. The undergraduate course was introduced during the academic year 2023/24 for the first time in the curriculum of several majors in the field of social sciences to second-year students of the majors "Media and Journalism", "Media Economics", "Sociology", "Political Science", "International Relations" and "European Politics and Economics" at the University of National and World Economy. The effectiveness of the course in terms of acquired knowledge and skills for critical participation in media processes was assessed through an anonymous survey in Microsoft Forms. 76 respondents answered 12 questions – 10 with option choice and 2 with text input. The results reveal that students felt more adapted to the media world and better prepared to distinguish between different types of information, including disinformation and propaganda. The course also increased their confidence in evaluation and usage of media sources, while developing their critical thinking regarding social processes. Students identified topics that should be separately identified in the curriculum. The study allows for the identification of issues for national discussion from the perspective of challenges to the integration of media literacy education in universities, overcoming key barriers to the introduction and development of media literacy-oriented courses, and the impact and effectiveness of media literacy education in higher education institutions in Bulgaria.

Graduate Student and Faculty Mental Health: Evidence from European Economics Departments

Not just the top five journals: A recipe for European economists

Ibn Khaldun's full name is Abdurrahman Zaid Waliuddin bin Khaldun, born in Tunisa on 1 Ramadan 732 H, coinciding with May 27, 1332 AD. Ibn Khaldun is the most prominent Muslim intellectual figure and most of his thoughts in various fields, such as economics, politics, sociology and culture. (1332-1406). Ibn Khaldun studied some of the problems and phenomena of life about society, history and the economy that had never been studied by scientists before. He explained all economic problems and connected them with verses in the Qur'an. This is proof that various economic activities have been regulated in Islam. In addition, his writings and works show that Ibn Khaldun is the father and economist who preceded Adam Smith, Ricardo and European economists.

The phenomenon of economic crises has been the subject of study of economic thought since ancient times. It received different interpretations in different economic schools. As the American economist and Nobel Prize laureate James Tobey rightly noted, the crisis marked the beginning of scientific ferment in the theory of economics. Armenian economic thought also addressed the issue of economic cycles and especially one of its stages - the crisis, in which, however, more was said not so much about its causes as about its consequences. In the last decades of the 19th century, Armenian economists were more likely to analyze practical solutions to socio-economic issues and their philosophical, sociological and historical perspectives. There was a noticeable detachment from the latest trends in European theoretical economics. In this regard, a special place belongs to the Armenian economist Bouniatian, who for the first time examined the problem of economic crises in the Armenian economy from the point of view of the theory of the subjective school. In the conditions of an unstable global economy, Bouniatian’s views with comments on speculation, credit abuse, disorganization of banking, the role of trust, recapitalization and overproduction reveal a certain connection with the processes existing in modern conditions, making the problem very relevant.

This article tells the story of the first international topological conference in Moscow (1935), an outstanding event that, for the first time, brought together the most notable American, European, and Soviet mathematicians, including those who would later play decisive roles in the mathematization of economics: John von Neumann, Leonid Kantorovich, and Albert W. Tucker. The fact that Kantorovich was in contact with von Neumann and his closest colleagues, Solomon Lefschetz and Garrett Birkhoff, is hardly appreciated in the histories of mathematics and mathematical economics. Their brief academic exchange was interrupted by the increasing international isolation of Soviet mathematics and by the wars that ensued. The article provides a historical account of the conference and traces the intellectual and personal affinities of Soviet and non-Soviet mathematicians, as well as their conceptual innovations. It argues that the conference, as a singular event linking several research communities, mattered for the development of various formal frameworks and their dissemination, contributing to the intellectual landscape in which postwar mathematical economics could emerge. The article calls for a deeper analysis of conceptual affinities and motivations in applying mathematics to economics and for a more nuanced narrative linking these motivations to social and political contexts of economic modeling.

Gino Luzzatto Prize by the European Historical Economics Society for the best dissertation in economic history submitted between June 2019 and June 2021—Summaries of the finalists’ PhD theses

Introduction to the Special Issue of the 13th European Sport Economics Association (ESEA) Conference

General equilibrium models with rationing: The making of a ‘European specialty’

The natural rate of unemployment and the NAIRU

Multi-country modelling at the commission of the European communities: Centralised and decentralised approaches

An independent European macroeconomics? A history of European macroeconomics through the lens of the European Economic Review

Mental Health in European Economics Departments

On behalf of our authors, reviewers, editors, scientific board members, and supporting institutions – we warmly welcome you to the inaugural issue of The Journal of Forest Business Research (JFBR). Establishing a new journal that addresses serious issues in academic publishing requires some explanation and justification. In this editorial feature, we describe the purpose and focus of the JFBR; and discuss the benefits of being a Journal reader; reviewer; and prospective author of scholarly research articles, review articles, and opinion pieces. Our goal is to accelerate scientific and practical discourse around local and global forest business issues by creating a unique platform for exchanging ideas supported by high standards of the peer-review process. Since we committed to doing a lot of hard work to make this Journal a success, we hope that our efforts will contribute to the further development of the bioeconomy based on science-based management and the use of forest resources in meeting global society goals. Our goal for the JFBR is to become the premier applied scientific journal that covers forest investments, finance, and economics. This would be a unique applied forest investment journal in the modern era, drawing from broader approaches such as U.S. journals of applied forestry, European forest economics journals, and classical business management and case study journals. JFBR would be dedicated to the application of forest finance and business management to investments in forests for traditional commodity markets to new emerging objectives such as nature-based solutions, environmental, social, and governance (ESG) components, carbon offsets, or net zero market development. The next section describes why we decided to open a new journal. Then we summarize all the papers included in our first inaugural issue. Finally, we indicate how you can support our efforts.