Abstract. In the process of transforming the construction sector to meet the demands of the modern European economy, integrating logistics processes into the overall enterprise management structure gains critical importance. This transformation involves not only complying with external EU require-ments but also addressing an internal need to enhance the efficiency, transparency, and predictability of operational processes. The study explores the conceptual principles for developing an integrated logi-stics system within construction firms, grounded in European management standards (notably ISO 9001, ISO 14001, ISO 45001, EN 15804). Emphasis is placed on aligning internal logistics chains with digital management platforms, establishing end-to-end material flow routes, monitoring supplies, and risk analytics in real-time. Implementing such solutions enables not only compliance with EU regulations but also the development of long-term competitive advantages by ensuring flexibility, adaptability, and efficient interaction with suppliers, subcontractors, and clients. The research examines both the regulatory/legal aspects of European logistics and practical approaches to implementing ERP, TMS, and WMS tools in construction environments. It identifies fragmentation of logistics chains, insufficient digitalization, and absence of integration logic in management decisions as key challenges. To overcome these, a three-level logistics integration model is proposed: strategic (setting standards and strategies), operational (coordinating supplies, flows, and resources), and analytical (digital reporting, KPIs, deviation management). The study also includes a case analysis of digital logi-stics implementation in five Ukrainian firms adapting to European standards. Full integration resulted in a 14 % reduction in transport losses, a 27 % increase in delivery accuracy, and a 21 % decrease in logistics cycle time. The roles of logistics stakeholders—suppliers, clients, transport operators, supervisory bodies, and inter-nal logisticians—are separately addressed. The authors emphasize that effective logistics management is achievable only with transparent responsibility distribution, standardized regulations, and technolo-gical interoperability. In conclusion, harmonizing the logistics processes of construction enterprises with European standards creates a foundation for greater participation in international markets, enhances investment attractive-ness, and supports the sector’s sustainable development.

Abstract Since original development of buckling restrained braces in Japan in 1970's, they were extensively studied worldwide. In comparison with conventional braces, buckling restrained braces provide a quasi‐symmetrical cyclic response with greatly enhanced ductility and energy dissipation. In Japanese design practice, buckling restrained braces are regarded as supplemental damping devices aiming at enhancing the energy‐dissipation and keeping control of lateral drifts in multi‐storey moment‐resisting frames. Buckling‐restrained braced frames were introduced in US design practice in 1999, regarded as primary lateral load resisting system, designed using conventional force–based approach which relies on a dissipative response, implicitly accepting structural damage under the design seismic action. Such an approach had the main benefit of being familiar to engineers and allowed for an easier adoption in design practice of the new system. The force‐based design of buckling restrained braced frames was later adopted by other codes, such as the new version of the European Standard prEN 1998‐1‐2, currently under revision. This paper presents comparative results of two design methods, as outlined in the AIJ and the second generation of Eurocode 8. A multi‐storey building with steel buckling restrained braced frames placed in a high seismicity area is designed using both approaches, and the seismic performance of the two structures is evaluated through pushover analyses.

Abstract The article examines the European and Hungarian legal frameworks concerning influencers. With the rise of social media and influencer marketing, clarifying the legal and ethical issues related to the activities of opinion leaders has become increasingly important. Although there is no uniform legislation on influencers in Hungary, the Hungarian Competition Authority and other regulatory bodies have issued several recommendations to ensure transparency in advertising. This article compares Hungarian regulatory solutions against the corresponding practices in other European countries. The fi ndings show that the role of influencers is continuously expanding, which requires a dynamic development of the legal environment and a fi ne-tuning of the regulations to ensure transparency and consumer protection.

Supporting the digital transformation journey through monitoring systems in healthcare. A comparative analysis of European empirical approaches through an adaptation of the IPOO framework

European and US approaches to energy poverty: Classifying and evaluating design strategies

IntroductionHealth technology assessment (HTA) of Class III implantable medical devices (MDs) in Europe is conducted at the national or regional level. Despite common clinical evidence, sometimes appraisal results and recommendations vary significantly, affecting patient access to innovative technologies. An adaptive approach to HTA for MDs will need to be consistent with current expert thinking on adaptive approaches in HTA methodology.MethodsThe websites of HTA agencies across 13 European countries were searched for HTA reports published between 1 January and 31 December 2023 on high-risk cardiovascular MDs used to treat structural heart disease. The goal was to identify the classes of technologies assessed by different HTA agencies and compare the submitted evidence and decisions. Since assessments are sometimes repeated across different years, we reviewed all available submissions for the selected innovations from the CE mark up to 2023 to follow the evolution of appraisals and decisions on the same technology.ResultsEighty reports from 11 countries were identified, with 23 on structural heart disease from Austria, France, Italy, and Spain. The main diseases involved heart valves, septal defects, and heart failure. In 2023, two agencies reassessed technologies for mitral valve regurgitation (MVR). Austria’s HTA gave negative recommendations to the first device CE marked in 2008 in fourth consecutive assessments, despite three randomized controlled trials (RCTs). A fifth reassessment is planned for 2026. France has conducted 26 assessments since 2015 on MVR devices (due to design changes, indication expansions, generation changes, economic assessments, new devices entering the market, and life cycle reassessment), with a positive recommendation in 2015, which was supported by two single-arm studies and a registry. A second device, CE marked in 2019, was recommended by France in 2023 based on a single-arm trial, an RCT, and two registries.ConclusionsThe number of HTAs performed on MDs remains low, particularly for high-risk device classes. There was no consistency in the number of HTAs performed between countries, nor in the evidence required for a successful assessment. These differences lead to unequal access to specialized treatment for patients in different countries and highlight the need for a unified European HTA approach.

The subject of this study is the philosophical foundations of the Chinese legal mentality. The latter, in turn, being a very distinctive phenomenon, is insufficiently studied in Russian legal science. First of all, the article analyzes the role of the deep layers of the political and legal sphere in the formation of a dialogue of legal cultures and partnership between Russian and Chinese civilizations. The author shows the profound influence of ancient Chinese philosophical thought on the perception of law and the state in Chinese society. Special attention is paid to the Confucian tradition, which prioritized the norms of morality over the norms of law, and also established a focus on harmony in all spheres of public life. It is shown that the Chinese legal mentality was formed in a unique cultural environment under the influence of the peculiarities of the Chinese language and the specifics of the Chinese philosophical tradition. The author also compares Chinese and Russian legal traditions, revealing certain similarities, which is especially important for deepening intercultural understanding and forming stable foundations of interstate cooperation. The research methodology is based on historical, legal and comparative legal methods that allow analyzing the fundamental ideological pillars of the Chinese legal mentality, as well as determining its specifics. Moreover, the chosen approach helps to identify some similarities between Chinese and Russian legal traditions, which is essential within the framework of the research task. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the author's chosen approach to the study of the Chinese legal mentality. The author interprets the Chinese legal tradition not through the prism of European consciousness, its system of concepts and ideas, but taking into account the peculiarities of the Chinese language tradition, as well as the specifics of its cultural and civilizational basis of the Chinese legal mentality, which avoids distorting Chinese political and legal thought, as well as filling existing gaps in knowledge about Chinese law. The main conclusion of the study is that the study of Chinese law requires a review of the established practice of its research. It is necessary to go beyond the usual European approach to the study of the law of such distinctive civilizations as the Chinese, which helps to obtain the most reliable knowledge reflecting the specifics of a particular legal culture.

Introduction. The growing demand for comprehensive treatment of dermatological diseases requiring surgical intervention, the development of aesthetic and oncological dermatology, as well as the integration of digital technologies into clinical practice, underscore the need to establish a specialized educational program in surgical dermatology in Ukraine aligned with European standards. Aim. To substantiate approaches to the development and implementation of a specialization program in "Surgical Dermatology" in Ukraine, based on the analysis of qualification requirements and international experience, with the goal of enhancing the effectiveness of medical care and integrating Ukrainian medical education into the European educational space. Materials and methods. The study involved analysis of the current qualification characteristics for the specialty "dermatologic surgeon" (Order of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine No. 117 dated 29.03.2002), international training models for dermatologic surgeons (EU, United Kingdom, USA, Australia), and a SWOT analysis of relevant competencies. Research methods included content analysis, comparative analysis, and expert evaluation. Results. Strengths and weaknesses of the current qualification for dermatologic surgeons were identified, including broad clinical competencies and interdisciplinary focus, alongside insufficient coverage of digital, psychosomatic, and aesthetic aspects. Opportunities for program development were identified through the integration of modern technologies, cross-sectoral collaboration, and a continuous professional development model. Prospects for adapting European approaches to dermatologic surgery training in Ukraine were substantiated. Conclusions. The development of an educational program in the specialization "Surgical Dermatology" should be based on harmonizing Ukrainian qualification requirements with international standards, which will enhance the quality of medical care and contribute to the professional recognition of physicians within the European space.

This study analyzes the security architecture of Ukraine, which evolved after the termination of hostilities and specifically, how the U.S. engagements with Ukraine affect their security. The first aims to examine the changing nature of Ukrainian security environment in the post ceasefire era, to examine the role played by the United States in the Ukrainian defence posture and to examine the consequences thereof to the structure of European defence systems, particularly NATO. The discussion is based on two theoretical approaches: Neorealism, which predicts the relationship of power and the desire of the states to find safety, and Complex Interdependence Theory, which emphasizes the cooperation of multilateralism and non-war aspects of security. The results show that there is a major change in the security architecture in Ukraine due to both the internal and external assistance, with most of this support coming through the United States and European supporters. The United States has a key role in modernizing the defence and aligning Ukraine strategic direction with NATO as the European defence approaches are shifting to greater independence and capability. Despite these developments, the paper identifies the ongoing threats due to Russian aggression, internal governance challenges and the need to have strong international collaboration to maintain stability. In summary, despite the fact that the security perspective of Ukraine has been enhanced by the process of reform and foreign support, the further stability on the long-term basis requires reduction of the internal vulnerabilities and the external threats. The European defence path will then be predominantly hinged on the balances between the NATO commitments and the strategic autonomy and technological innovations.

Relevance. The need to unify the terminological apparatus of bachelor's training in transport technologies stems from the necessity of consistent interpretation of key concepts and the modernization of educational standards and programs in line with the European Qualifications Framework (EQF) and the National Qualifications Framework (NQF). Purpose – to theoretically justify and unify the basic concepts of the terminological field of professional training («vocational training» «professional competence», «methodological system», «engineering pedagogy», «digital education», «transport technologies») and to identify gaps between normative requirements and educational practice in technical higher education institutions (HEIs). Methods: interpretive and content analysis of normative documents, comparative analysis of dictionary and encyclopedic sources, semi-structured interviews with students, faculty, and employers. Results. A structured scheme of the terminological field has been developed, with a central core of «vocational training» and related concepts. A gap has been identified between the competence requirements of EQF/NQF (knowledge – skills – communication – responsibility – autonomy) and the reduced perceptions of stakeholders («knowledge + skills»). Harmonized working definitions of key terms, aligned with European and national approaches, have been proposed. Conclusions. The need to unify the terminological field for bachelor's training in specialty 275 Transport Technologies (by mode of transport) and harmonize it with EQF/NQF has been substantiated. The identified gaps between normative requirements and stakeholders' perceptions confirm the need to strengthen components of autonomy, responsibility, professional communication, and transversal skills in educational programs.

The development of the Ukrainian conducting school is a key factor in shaping the national artistic space and preserving Ukraine’s cultural identity. The Department of Opera and Symphony Conducting at the Ukrainian National Tchaikovsky Academy of Music serves as a strategic center for training highly qualified conductors, combining traditional European approaches with the national musical context. The relevance of this study is determined by the need for a comprehensive understanding of the department’s role in forming professional mastery, developing the national conducting tradition, and integrating Ukrainian music education into the global cultural space. The study aims to comprehensively examine the role of the Department of Opera and Symphony Conducting at the Ukrainian National Tchaikovsky Academy of Music in preserving, developing, and transforming the Ukrainian conducting school, analyzing its contribution to the formation of the national artistic tradition, and integrating it into the modern international educational and cultural context. The scientific novelty lies in the systematic combination of historical, pedagogical, and methodological aspects of the department’s activities, which allows assessing its strategic role in shaping the modern Ukrainian conducting school. A comprehensive scientific and methodological approach was applied, including the analysis of historical and biographical sources, pedagogical programs, curricula, musicological publications, and the professional activities of the department’s faculty and alumni. The study combines historical and cultural analysis with the description of practical activities, allowing for the systematization of the department’s contribution to the development of the national conducting tradition and international integration. It was established that the Department of Opera and Symphony Conducting has served for over a century as a key center for training conductors, ensuring the continuity of professional traditions, developing creative individuality, and maintaining a national performance style. Distinguished educators and maestros – including S. Turchak, Y. Dushchenko, M. Kanershtein, V. Zdorenko, and others – have trained a generation of highly skilled alumni who continue the traditions of the Ukrainian conducting school in national and international musical ensembles. The study demonstrates the effectiveness of combining classical conducting approaches with modern educational and digital practices, enabling the department to respond to the challenges of globalization and wartime transformations. The results highlight the department’s significance as a strategic center of artistic education, contributing to the development of Ukrainian musical culture, enhancing its international reputation, and training highly qualified specialists capable of integrating national art into the contemporary global cultural discourse.

The digital transformation of public administrative services in European Union countries is currently viewed as a complex institutional process that combines technological innovations with profound changes in the public administration system. The article provides a scientific and analytical summary of key European trends in the implementation of digital technologies in the provision of public administrative services, with an emphasis on the transition from fragmented electronization to a systemic model of digital governance. It is argued that digital public services in European practice are interpreted not as a set of separate electronic services, but as a component of state capacity that determines the effectiveness of public functions, the level of trust in institutions, and the state’s resilience to crisis challenges. The paper reveals the essence of the once-only principle as a fundamental tool for reducing administrative burdens on citizens and businesses and increasing the effectiveness of interagency collaboration. It demonstrates the role of information system interoperability as a managerial and regulatory prerequisite for the functioning of seamless digital services, as well as the importance of digital identity in building trust and security in the digital administrative space. Attention is paid to the issues of inclusiveness of digital services, public sector data management, ensuring cyber resilience, and the responsible use of artificial intelligence in public administration. Based on an analysis of European approaches, implications for Ukraine in the context of martial law, post-war recovery, and European integration processes are identified. It has been proven that adopting European trends in the digitalization of public administrative services can serve to increase the state’s institutional capacity, ensure the continuity of service provision, and reduce transaction costs in interactions between authorities and citizens and businesses. Keywords: public administration, public services, administrative services, digital services, digital technologies, digitalization, digital transformation, quality of administrative services.

This study aimed to substantiate the theoretical and legal foundations for regulating the medico-legal and economic aspects of inheritance law in the contemporary context of the Ukrainian health care system. The research employed a comparative legal method to examine European approaches to regulating medico-legal aspects of inheritance, economic analysis to explore the financial dimensions of inheritance relations involving medical institutions, and an interdisciplinary approach to assess the legal nature of medico-legal relations. It was established that medico-legal relations in inheritance law constitute an independent category of civil law relations with a dual nature and require specific legal regulation that integrates the principles of inheritance law, medical law and bioethics. The study identified the critical impact of medical expenses on the structure of the estate, particularly in cases of oncological diseases, where the average cost of treatment reaches UAH 120,000, and organ transplantation may amount to UAH 2.6 million, creating objective preconditions for the accumulation of substantial medical debts. The analysis demonstrated the need to develop effective mechanisms for financial and economic inheritance planning through strategic medical insurance and the establishment of targeted medical funds. European approaches to regulating medico-legal aspects of inheritance were systematised, including the French concept of compensation rights for heirs, German guarantees for the protection of constitutional rights and Swiss mechanisms for limiting liability for excessive obligations. Based on these findings, a set of conceptual proposals was developed to improve Ukrainian legislation, including the creation of a special legal regime for medical obligations with a clear distinction between those compensated and not compensated by the National Health Service of Ukraine, as well as the introduction of a medical inheritance planning framework. The practical significance of the study lies in establishing a scientific foundation for modernising Ukraine’s inheritance legislation, taking into account the specific nature of medico-legal relations and developing mechanisms to protect the economic interests of heirs in the context of rising medical costs

The article is devoted to the issues of providing empirical research with a verified methodology and applied tools. Finding an adequate working hypothesis for empirical research lays the foundation for effective research and obtaining reliable scientific results and substantiated statements. The task of the fundamental topic “The European Integration Approach to Developing the Concept of Criminal- Executive Activities in Ukraine” involves creating a model for empirical research of the state of interest of Ukrainian society in the results of penal and executive activity, the readiness of society to the axiological perception of convicts, and the readiness of convicts to determine their productive place in society. The purpose of the article is to substantiate an adequate working hypothesis for this empirical research and to determine its program components of observation. In the perspective of a comprehensive view of the direct aspect of criminal-executive activities in the form of the readiness (unwillingness) of society to accept convicts on the basis of humanity, the models of application of criminal law and execution of sentences known in modern history were analyzed, and their hypothetical potential for conducting the specified empirical research was assessed: the model of strict imprisonment, the model of special treatment and the model of resocialization. The use of historical, comparative legal, logical methods provided the possibility of assessing the adequacy of the specified models as working hypotheses. The author critically assesses the prospects of using the model of strict imprisonment as a working hypothesis for empirical research on the readiness of Ukrainian society to accept convicts on the basis of humanity, and suggests choosing a synergistic version of the working hypothesis, based on a combination of the achieved dynamic potential of the model of special treatment and the promising potential of the testing practices of the resocialization model. In accordance with the proposed working hypothesis, mandatory blocks of questions of the empirical research program are determined.

The article is devoted to the topical issues of forming integrated and sustainable development reporting in domestic enterprises in the context of increasing requirements for business transparency and the need to harmonize national accounting practices with European approaches. It is proved that integrated and sustainability reporting are important sources of information for stakeholders and management decisions, contributing to a holistic vision of the enterprise’s activities and demonstrating value creation in the short and long term and the impact on society and the environment. An important incentive for the spread of integrated and sustainability reporting practices in Ukraine is integration into the European Economic Area and expected changes in legislation that will make it mandatory for a number of companies to prepare and submit sustainability reports starting in 2026. The author emphasizes the key role of enterprise management information systems in providing information support for management decision-making based on the data of integrated reporting and sustainable development reporting. The technology of forming integrated and sustainable development reporting in the management information system of enterprise is considered, including the stages of developing accounting policies, forming the process of collecting information, scheduling information, preparing requests, collecting and analyzing information, as well as external confirmation of reporting. The key areas of improvement of information systems for the formation of integrated reporting and sustainable development reporting are identified, including: information system architecture (introduction of decentralized data processing, creation of a single integrated data bank), process automation (integration of specialized modules with ERP systems, automation of non-financial data collection), standardization and harmonization (introduction of international standards, unification of methodology), developing staff competencies (training, creation of interdisciplinary teams) and ensuring transparency (data verification, information accessibility, countering greenwashing).

Subject of study. Land valuation activities in Ukraine, especially in the context of European integration, including legal, economic, technological, and institutional aspects. The aim of the study. To analyze the current state of land valuation practices in Ukraine, identify key challenges, and outline prospects for improvement and alignment with European standards. Research methods. The study uses a comprehensive analytical approach, including review of regulatory frameworks, assessment of digitalization trends, analysis of cadastral data processing methods, and examination of international practices and standards. Results of work. The research identifies obstacles such as outdated legal regulations, lack of a unified digital land information system, and the need for harmonization with international valuation methodologies. It emphasizes the importance of using innovative technologies (e.g., GIS), improving data transparency, and developing a national land market data base. The study offers recommendations for aligning Ukrainian practices with EU standards, enhancing professional training systems, creating a digital registry of valuation results, and establishing mechanisms for public oversight of land values. Particular attention is given to the impact of legislative changes and economic factors on the dynamics of land valuation processes. The article explores current trends in the digitalization of land valuation, the potential for adopting new technologies, and the creation of a national database of market data. The research lays the foundation for developing effective recommendations for the gradual adoption of European approaches to land valuation, improving the professional training system for specialists, developing a unified digital registry of valuation results, and establishing mechanisms for public oversight of land plot values. The proposed solutions have practical significance for the modernization of national land policy and promote Ukraine’s integration into the European land relations framework.

The article addresses the modernization of Ukraine’s administrative legislation governing energy security amid integration with the European Union and persistent wartime threats. It argues that the core challenges lie in the fragmentary and unsystematic nature of the regulatory corpus, the absence of a unified policy framework for the energy sector, misalignments in competences among competent authorities, weak supervisory and sanctioning mechanisms, shortages of reliable data and digital oversight tools, and the insufficient regulation of strategic planning, stockpiling, and crisis-response protocols. It is shown that even well-intentioned reforms adopted in recent years deliver limited impact unless supported by institutional capacity and transparent administrative procedures. The article sets out clear directions for updating the administrative-legal framework: establishing a single energy-policy framework with defined goals, indicators, and accountability; legislating procedures for strategic planning, reserve management, and crisis protocols; delineating competences and ensuring inter-agency coordination among state bodies, the energy regulator, and system operators; strengthening the institutional independence of the regulator and ensuring oversight bodies’ access to high-quality data; and revising regimes of administrative liability. As the principal tool for achieving coherence, the paper proposes either the adoption of a single codified act that would unify the foundational rules for the energy sector as a whole, or, alternatively, a framework law on energy policy and energy security. Special attention is devoted to implementing EU legislation and integrating the principles of the green transition into administrative procedures, as well as to legally defining the status of business entities as actors within the national energy-security system. The article concludes that harmonization with European approaches should proceed not through mere formal transposition but as a phased, context-sensitive reform that accounts for Ukraine’s realities and its experience of safeguarding energy security under wartime conditions.

The article systematizes international approaches to the legal regulation of public–private partnerships (PPPs) in the field of renewable energy, with a particular emphasis on off-grid solutions. The authors conduct a comparative legal analysis of regulatory documents of UNECE, the European Commission (CEAP, Buying Green), as well as analytical reports by IRENA, UNDP/ETH Zurich, ESMAP/World Bank, and case studies from Africa, Asia, and Europe. Special attention is paid to PPP models (BOO/BOOM/ DBO/JV), the concepts of “Value for Money/People/Planet” and PIERS, as well as practices of scaling mini-grids (India, Kenya), establishing community energy schemes in Germany, and institutional models in Uganda and the Solomon Islands. The study highlights that the integration of UNECE standards with European approaches to Green Public Procurement (GPP) and the Circular Economy Action Plan (CEAP) contributes to greater transparency, investment attractiveness, and sustainability of energy projects, especially for remote communities. Practical checklists are proposed to incorporate environmental criteria at all stages of the PPP life cycle – from planning and technical specifications to bid evaluation and contract implementation. The article also explores the Ukrainian context: current legislation in the field of PPPs and energy, strategic documents, as well as existing challenges – fragmentation of the regulatory framework, absence of sectoral by-laws, weak institutional support, and limited practice of PPP implementation in renewable energy. The authors emphasize the necessity of digitalizing processes, expanding access to international financing, and strengthening the role of local self-government. The practical value of the research lies in creating a roadmap for integrating off-grid PPP projects into Ukraine’s post-war reconstruction, with an emphasis on environmental sustainability, social justice, and economic efficiency.

It is indicated that in the process of transforming society and reforming the law enforcement system in Ukraine, an important task arises - to clearly define what roles and functions the police perform. These functions must simultaneously ensure effective protection of public order and guarantee respect for the rights and freedoms of citizens. When this issue is not given enough attention, contradictions arise between state needs and individual rights of people. This, in turn, leads to a decrease in public trust in the police and undermines their legitimacy and the authority of state power in general. The article presents a comprehensive study of the functional purpose of the National Police of Ukraine in the context of ensuring and protecting human rights and freedoms in the context of transformational processes in the field of public administration and security. It is substantiated that modern police activities should go beyond the traditional idea of the police as an exclusively forceful instrument of the state. Police functions are increasingly focused on prevention, service, communication with the community and accountability to society, which corresponds to the principles of democratic governance and the rule of law. The evolution of the functional purpose of the police is analyzed through the prism of international standards in the field of human rights. It is found that, in accordance with modern European approaches, the police should act not only as a coercive body, but primarily as an instrument of social partnership between the state and citizens. This involves rethinking the purpose, content and methods of implementing police functions. It is substantiated that in conditions of prolonged martial law, hybrid threats, increasing legal uncertainty and a tense social background, the observance of human rights by the police in the exercise of public authority powers is of particular importance. The study revealed a number of systemic challenges: limited resources, regulatory conflicts in the field of security, weak legal culture of some personnel and insufficient level of accountability to the public. The study proposed a refined vision of the functional purpose of the National Police as a subject of public administration, whose activities should combine the effectiveness of ensuring law and order with compliance with the principles of proportionality, legal certainty, non-discrimination and good governance. It is emphasized that police activities should be legitimate, controlled by society, and their results should be transparent and predictable.

The proliferation of advanced surveillance technologies in public spaces presents unprecedented challenges to privacy rights and democratic governance. While authorities gain extensive visibility into citizens’ lives through artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) capabilities, a critical ‘transparency asymmetry’ has emerged between state surveillance capabilities and citizens’ awareness of such monitoring. This paper employs comparative legal analysis, examining constitutional provisions, legislation, administrative regulations and court decisions across multiple jurisdictions, with a primary focus on the European Union (EU) and the US. The study draws upon primary legal sources, academic literature, policy documents and technical standards to evaluate the effectiveness of various notification approaches. The analysis reveals three fundamental structural failures in existing notification systems: (1) a disconnect between formal notification and substantive understanding of surveillance implications, particularly in systems incorporating AI; (2) ‘consent fatigue’ that undermines notification effectiveness; and (3) fragmented standards creating significant accountability gaps in privacy protection. The EU has developed comprehensive notification requirements through the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) framework and court decisions, while the US maintains a more limited ‘notice-and-choice’ approach. This paper proposes a dynamic constitutional notice framework that reconceptualises notification requirements as dynamic constitutional obligations rather than static procedural rules. This framework bridges the European dignity-based and US property-centric approaches while providing flexible implementation mechanisms that can adapt to emerging technologies while preserving democratic oversight. This article is also included in The Business & Management Collection which can be accessed at https://hstalks.com/business/.