Recently, many algorithms have been proposed to identify potential forced oscillation sources using synchrophasors. However, the synchrophasor coverage is limited in several systems, and the oscillation source may not be monitored by nearby synchrophasor measurements. In this regard, SCADA measurements are helpful because of their extensive presence in the power grids worldwide. Although SCADA has a much lower reporting rate than synchrophasors, the asynchronous polling nature of SCADA data can be utilized to estimate the amplitude of oscillations at different locations. This paper proposes a rigorous algorithm based on inferential statistics to analyze the amplitude of oscillations seen in the SCADA data. The amplitude analysis offers valuable insights into the potential source and nature of forced oscillations, as demonstrated in the paper. Several simulation-based test cases and archived event data from the European and Western American interconnections have been tested with the proposed algorithm, which provides the correct ranking of generator oscillation amplitudes in all these events.

The Banff 2022 classification endorses intragraft gene-expression profiling using the Banff Human Organ Transplant (B-HOT) consensus gene panel for rejection diagnosis. However, lack of standardized analytical pipelines, including data normalization, limits clinical implementation, with its impact on diagnostic performance yet to be determined. We evaluated ten normalization methods in 868 kidney allograft biopsies from nine European and North American centers, all Banff-graded and B-HOT profiled on nCounter, comprising a derivation (n=441), internal (n=186) and external (n=241) validation cohorts. Each method was assessed through its downstream impact on: (i) gene count stability, (ii) differential expression and cross-platform concordance with RNA-seq data, and (iii) discrimination and calibration of predictive models for antibody- (AMR) and T cell-mediated rejection (TCMR). Most methods improved count stability and showed high concordance with RNA-seq for overall gene expression. They also produced robust differential expression signatures consistent with those detected by RNA-seq, except for RUVSeq and RCRNorm, which identified fewer differentially expressed genes and showed lower concordance. In the overall validation cohort (n=427), diagnostic performance was consistently high across nSolver-based approaches, nanostringr, NanoStringDiff, MetaNorm, and RCRNormFast (AMR AUROC 0.88-0.91; AUPRC 0.86-0.89; TCMR AUROC 0.90-0.92; AUPRC 0.78-0.83). Performance declined with RCRNorm (AMR AUROC/AUPRC 0.55/0.41; TCMR 0.53/0.18) and, for TCMR, with RUVSeq (AUROC 0.84-0.85; AUPRC 0.64-0.65). Calibration was satisfactory for most methods, except for RCRNorm and for TCMR models after RUVSeq. Normalization choice significantly impacted gene expression profiles and diagnostic classifier performance. Most methods, including nSolver-based pipelines, achieved robust discrimination for both AMR and TCMR. Complex methods, including RCRNorm, and RUVSeq for TCMR, reduced performance, with simpler approaches consistently outperforming them for B-HOT-based molecular diagnostics.

Juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) is a rare pediatric autoimmune disease. A distinct clinical phenotype is associated with anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (anti-MDA5) autoantibodies, which are linked to features such as arthritis, ulcerative skin lesions, and a heightened risk of interstitial lung disease (ILD), including its rapidly progressive form (RP-ILD). Despite increased recognition of this phenotype in East Asian, European, and North American populations, significant gaps remain in understanding its pathogenesis, and no consensus has been reached regarding optimal treatment strategies. Moreover, data on anti-MDA5-associated JDM in African populations are nonexistent. We report the first three documented cases of anti-MDA5-positive JDM with ILD in African children. All patients exhibited characteristic extramuscular manifestations, and all had pulmonary involvement, which was rapidly progressive in two children, one of whom died. The clinical course, diagnostic findings, and treatment strategies are discussed in the context of existing literature. A review of the literature was performed to evaluate the prevalence, clinical presentation, and treatment approaches for RP-ILD in anti-MDA5-associated JDM across different populations. These cases highlight the wide heterogeneity of clinical phenotypes associated with anti-MDA5 autoantibodies in JDM. Given this variability, individualized monitoring and management strategies are essential to optimize outcomes.

Currently Argentine legislation does not recognize gender-based violence as grounds for granting refugee status to migrant women. Nevertheless, there’s a worrying increase of situations in which, due to gender-based violence, many women are forced to flee their countries of origin in search of protection in other countries. In response to this reality, several European and Latin American countries have begun to acknowledge the issue and now grant refugee status to women who are victims of gender-based violence.

Background Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is an uncommon but increasingly recognised, important cause of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) primarily described in European and North American populations, with ethnic differences poorly understood. We investigated the ethnic distribution of patients with SCAD and ethnic differences in major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs). Methods This prospective and retrospective cohort study recruited adult patients with ACS and core-laboratory confirmed SCAD from 23 hospitals in Australia and New Zealand. Patients were analysed in four ethnic groups following the Australian Bureau of Statistics and Statistics New Zealand Standards for Ethnicity: white; Asian; Middle Eastern, North African, African (MENAA); and First Nations and Pacific Peoples. Predictors of MACEs were investigated with Cox proportional hazards models. Results Of 622 patients with SCAD, 488 (78.5%) were white, 45 (7.2%) Asian, 29 (4.7%) MENAA, 48 (7.7%) First Nations and Pacific Peoples and 12 (1.9%) Other. Of the analysed cohort (mean age 52.3±10.5 years, 87.9% female), MENAA patients had higher rates of pregnancy-associated SCAD (24% vs 2% overall, p<0.001) and lower chest pain rates (86% vs 96% overall, p=0.008). First Nations and Pacific Peoples had higher rates of bystander atherosclerosis (25% vs 16% overall, p=0.02). Asian patients had higher rates of non-fibromuscular dysplasia extracardiac vascular abnormalities (16% vs 5% overall, p=0.008). MACE-free survival was similar across ethnic groups, and ethnicity was not an independent predictor of MACE when adjusted for potential confounders. Conclusions This study is the first to describe the diverse ethnic distribution of patients with SCAD in the Australian-New Zealand-SCAD registry. Important ethnic differences include higher rates of pregnancy-SCAD in MENAA patients, and higher rates of bystander atherosclerosis in First Nations and Pacific Peoples patients. No ethnic difference was seen in MACE-free survival following SCAD.

We assessed the role of a systemic lupus erythematosus causal, hypofunctional variant, neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 (NCF1)-p.Arg90His (p.R90H) substitution, in Sjögren's disease (SjD). Association between NCF1-H90 and SjD was assessed in case-control cohorts. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and minor salivary gland (MSG) from patients with Sjögren's Syndrome type A antigen (SSA)+ SjD were assessed using cytometry by time-of-flight and single-cell RNA sequencing, respectively. The NCF1-H90 allele was associated with increased risk for SjD in Chinese and European Americans (Pmeta = 1.15E-55, odds ratio [OR] = 2.58), exhibiting a more robust association in patients with SSA+ SjD (OR = 3.37 in Chinese and OR = 2.60 in European Americans). In a longitudinal observational cohort, patients with homozygous H90 SjD at baseline had lower levels of complement C4 and higher scores on labial salivary gland biopsy, European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology (EULAR) Sjögren's Syndrome Disease Activity Index (ESSDAI), and EULAR Sjögren's Syndrome Patient Reported Index (ESSPRI). These patients with H90 SjD sustained elevated ESSDAI and ESSPRI scores during follow-up years with decreased survival. The 0, 1, and 2 copies of H90 carriage in SjD PBMCs exhibited dose-dependent decreases in switched memory B cells, which might be recruited by fibroblasts into MSG, and further differentiated into long-lived Immunoglobulin G (IgG+) plasma cells, resulting in elevated serum SSA+ IgG levels and greater disease severity. In a retrospective belimumab-treated SSA+ female cohort, homozygous H90 patients showed significantly greater improvement in ESSDAI, C4 levels, and serum SSA+ IgG levels, supporting the role of NCF1-H90 as a predictive biomarker for enhanced response to B-cell-targeted therapy. Low NCF1 activity increases the risk of severe SSA+ SjD by driving switched memory B-cell trafficking and IgG+ plasma cell differentiation, revealing targetable pathways in SSA+ SjD.

The study examined whether change in childhood interparental conflict (IPC) moderated links between change in adolescent IPC and sleep from adolescence to emerging adulthood. Participants (N = 351, 52% female, 67% European American, 32% African American, 1% biracial) from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds in the Southeastern United States completed five waves of data collection (Mages = 8, 10, 15, 17, 22) between 2005 and 2022. Actigraphs measured sleep duration and quality. Participants reported on parents' IPC. Latent change score models examined change-on-change in IPC and sleep. Among those with histories of increasing childhood IPC, increases in adolescent IPC predicted increases in sleep activity (β = .24) and long-wake episodes (β = .22) and decreases in sleep efficiency (β = -.20) from adolescence to emerging adulthood. Findings are consistent with stress sensitization.

Greater neighborhood deprivation, as defined by the Neighborhood Deprivation Index (NDI), has been associated with increased colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. However, the biological mechanisms underlying this association remain unclear. Normal colorectal biopsies (matched right and left colon, and rectum) from African Americans (AA; (n = 34)) and European Americans (EA; (n = 23)) adults undergoing colonoscopy were collected for a cross-sectional study in Cleveland, Ohio. NDI-associated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified from RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) using limma. Normal colon organoid lines were derived from biopsies of AA (n = 4) and EA (n = 6) individuals in Charlottesville, Virginia, treated daily with metformin for 72-hours, and metformin-DEGs were identified in limma. A total of 237 DEGs were found to be commonly associated with NDI in AA and EA populations across individual-matched biopsy triplets (right and left colon, and rectum). Of the 237 NDI-associated DEGs, 82 overlapped with CRC tumor DEGs from a publicly available dataset (P=2.21E⁻05), and nine were prioritized as therapeutic targets, including MYC overexpression (Benjamani Hochberg (BH)=2.48E-12). Metformin exposure in colon organoids also altered the expression of 28 of these genes, with ~79% showing opposite direction, including reduced MYC expression (BH=0.095). NDI is associated with CRC-related transcriptional differences. The observed reversal of gene expression by metformin, including at MYC, suggests a potential role for metformin in reducing CRC risk by modifying NDI-high related gene expression. NDI-associated CRC risk genes provide novel opportunity for future biomarkers or early therapeutic targets in at-risk populations.

The sharing economy has emerged as a transformative urban phenomenon shaping sustainable development pathways, governance practices, and spatial organization in cities. Despite its growing prominence, fragmented conceptual approaches and inconsistent indicator frameworks hinder systematic assessments of urban sustainability at the city scale. This study develops an integrated analytical perspective through a qualitative meta-synthesis of the sharing economy and the sharing city literature. Following the PRISMA protocol, a systematic review of the Web of Science and Scopus databases identified 73 peer-reviewed articles (2015–2024), analyzed across four dimensions: spatial, operational, governance, and environmental. The findings reveal increasing multi-dimensional approaches yet limited structural integration. The meta-synthesis shows that 68% of studies focus on only two dimensions, few address three, and none integrate all four. Research predominantly focuses on spatial–governance relations, while environmental performance and operational equity indicators remain underexplored. Studies are concentrated in European and North American metropolitan contexts, highlighting gaps in developing countries and medium-sized cities. The study introduces a Hybrid Dimension concept capturing inter-dimensional interactions and proposes an indicator-based framework for assessing sharing-oriented urban sustainability. The framework contributes to the literature by enabling a measurable multidimensional assessment aligned with SDG 11 and supporting integrated urban sustainability governance.

ABSTRACT This editorial marks the transition of editorial leadership at Archaeological Prospection and outlines priorities for the journal's next phase. We review the journal's 30‐year history and assess opportunities created by the convergence of machine learning, miniaturized sensors and cloud computing. We identify two primary objectives: establishing rigorous standards for reproducibility and open science, and prioritizing submissions that demonstrate how non‐invasive methods address substantive archaeological research questions. We introduce revised publication formats and address the need to expand representation beyond the journal's historically European and North American base. These changes position Archaeological Prospection as a knowledge transfer platform for 21st‐century archaeological practice.

The inclusion of polygenic scores (PGS) from genetically correlated traits such as Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD) may improve the prediction of these outcomes and their comorbidity. Despite the importance of this work, few studies have evaluated the efficacy of this possibility. The current study evaluates the use of MDD and AUD PGS individually and together to improve the prediction of MDD, AUD, and comorbid MDD-AUD using a sample of European, African, or Admixed American Ancestry participants from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (N = 7,965). Cross-ancestry MDD and AUD PGS were created using PRS-CSx. The best fitting model of comorbid MDD-AUD in the whole sample included PGS for MDD and AUD (PGSMDD OR: 1.26, 95% CI 1.16-1.35, p = 2.69 × 10- 6; PGSAUD OR: 1.77, 95% CI 1.66-1.87, p = 3.49 × 10- 28), explaining an additional 4.88% of variance compared to a model only including sociodemographic covariates. For MDD, the best fitting model included the MDD PGS (OR: 1.25, 95% CI 1.17-1.33, p = 2.05 × 10- 8), explaining an additional 0.65% of variance. For AUD, the best fitting model included the AUD PGS (OR: 1.37, 95% CI 1.32-1.43, p = 1.25 × 10-28), which explained an additional 1.52% of variance. Inclusion of both PGS did not significantly improve the prediction of individual MDD or AUD. Inclusion of PGS for MDD and AUD significantly improved prediction for comorbid MDD-AUD, but not in MDD or AUD. These results help clarify the role of utilizing genetically correlated PGS in improving prediction of MDD, AUD, and comorbid MDD-AUD.

Long-term weight regain limits the population-level benefits of obesity interventions. We tested whether the polygenic risk score of BMI (PRSBMI) modifies weight trajectories following modest weight loss. The analytic sample included 9897 postmenopausal women from the Women's Health Initiative Dietary Modification Trial (6132 European American; 3749 African American). PRSBMI was derived from a trans-ancestry GWAS of ~2 million participants. Longitudinal weight change (7 years) was modeled using weighted GEE. In European Americans, the PRSBMI × randomization × time interactions approached significance at the 95th percentile (p = 0.052) and 85th percentile (p = 0.07). No interaction was observed in African Americans. In analyses restricted to European Americans who lost ≥ 5% of initial weight by year 1 (20%; n = 1273), women in the ≥ 95th percentile of PRSBMI regained nearly twice as much per year as those with average risk (0.94 vs. 0.48 kg/year, p = 0.0016). A high PRSBMI was associated with faster weight regain following modest weight loss in European American women. While further validation is required in a diverse population, these results suggest the potential for genetics to inform targeted strategies for sustaining long-term weight management. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: 75N92021D00001, 75N92021D00002, 75N92021D00003, 75N92021D00004, and 75N92021D00005.

The transition to parenthood often involves heightened and fluctuating interparental conflict, which may affect parenting and child outcomes. This study followed 212 primiparous mothers (Meanage = 25.3, SD = 5.5; 63% European American) and infants from pregnancy to age 2, examining whether interparental conflict lability (prenatal, 6 months, and 1 year) predicted infant behavioral problems (2 years) via maternal sensitivity to distress and nondistress (1 year), and whether infant negative affect (6 months and 1 year) moderated these pathways. Greater conflict lability predicted lower maternal sensitivity. Sensitivity to nondistress mediated the associations with internalizing problems, and predicted fewer externalizing problems among infants with low negative affect but more externalizing problems among infants with extreme negative affect. Implications are also discussed.

The Value of Nasal Nitric Oxide Measurement in the Diagnosis of Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia.

Sexually transmitted Trichophyton mentagrophytes genotype VII: molecular, pathogenic, human interaction surveillance and comparative indicators of a potentially new endemic threat.

Ammonia (NH3) is a major environmental pollutant, responsible for approximately 50% of the PM2.5 pollution in Europe, contributing to eutrophication and acidification. Approximately 15% and 30% of NH3 is emitted from poultry production systems in Europe and North America, respectively. Therefore, it is important to understand the factors affecting NH3 emission factor (NH3 EF) from poultry production systems. In this study, we analysed the DATAMAN database to identify and quantify NH3 EF for different poultry housing systems. The data was classified into four production systems, including broiler production and layer production in North America and Europe· NH3 EF were calculated for these systems. Results showed that the NH3 EF from Europe-based layer production system was lower (52.7%) than North America-based layer production system; the difference was statistically significant (p=0.0483). Similarly, the NH3 EF for broiler production systems in Europe was 43% lower than that for North American systems (p=0.0084). The effect of litter management systems on NH3 EF was not significant (p=0.387). However, the NH3 EF for European-based new litter system (where the litter is removed after every flock) was 40% lower than North American-based built-up litter system (where several flocks are reared on the same litter). In this study, the EF from studies published after 2010 was 54% lower than those from studies published before 2010 (p=0.007), probably due to improved poultry production systems. Further emission research on newer, improved production systems is required to accurately calculate NH3 EF which is highly needed to improve the emission inventorying of modern poultry houses.

Amid booming global digital trade and the rapid rise of cross-border e-commerce live streaming, this study examines Chinese cultural and creative products as key carriers for cultural globalization and foreign trade growth. It addresses three core questions: the driving mechanism through which cultural exchange promotes commercial value conversion, the main barriers that hinder this process, and the corresponding industry-level management strategies that can enhance performance. Grounded in interdisciplinary theories from marketing, international business, and cultural studies, the research adopts an explanatory sequential mixed-methods design, combining semi-structured expert interviews with a large-sample survey of cross-border live streaming participants. The study analyzes how cultural and creative product supply chains, digital marketing practices, and platform effectiveness jointly influence commercial conversion and brand growth. Empirical results confirm significant positive effects of supply chain robustness, platform functional empowerment, and cultural marketing adaptability on conversion performance, cultural communication efficiency, and user participation. At the same time, cross-cultural cognitive barriers, supply chain response lags, and compliance risks emerge as three core constraints, with marked heterogeneity between Southeast Asian and European–American markets. Based on these findings, the paper proposes four-dimensional collaborative governance strategies involving platforms, enterprises, regulators, and service providers. The study offers theoretical enrichment for research on cross-border live streaming and practical guidance for cultural and creative enterprises seeking sustainable overseas expansion and standardized industry development.

ABSTRACT This content analysis investigated the visibility and framing of Black, Indigenous, and other People of Color (BIPOC) characters with psychosis in fictional television programming. Of 120 identified characters with psychosis, just 19% were BIPOC, with Latinos and Asian Americans being especially underrepresented. Trend analysis revealed the level of visibility of BIPOC characters remained low across the study’s 2012–2021 timespan. Few differences emerged between BIPOC and European American characters with respect to demographic, life status, or character framing variables. The generally similar portrayal of BIPOC and European American characters is encouraging but the underrepresentation of BIPOC characters may inhibit service provision to people wrestling with psychosis in BIPOC communities.

Rumination is a transdiagnostic process associated with psychopathology. While culture shapes cognitive and emotion processing, cultural influences on rumination remain unclear. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to examine cultural differences in the association between rumination and psychopathology. To address this aim, we conducted a literature search (May 2024), which identified 24 eligible studies. We conducted an exploratory meta-analysis examining whether cultural group moderated the association between rumination and psychopathology. First, we found cultural differences in the association between rumination and psychopathology under certain conditions. Second, we identified three culture-specific mechanisms that may shape the relationships between rumination and psychopathology: (1) social support was less eroded by rumination in Japanese versus German participants and correlated with weaker rumination-wellbeing associations; (2) self-doubt attributions mediated the association between rumination and depression symptoms in European Americans but not Asians; and (3) happiness levels moderated the relationship between rumination and depression symptoms in European Americans but not Asian Americans. Third, given the limited studies available, meta-analyses could only be conducted comparing Western and Asian samples for depression symptoms. This exploratory analysis highlighted cultural group did not significantly moderate the relationship between rumination and depression. Finally, the review highlighted the scarcity of sufficient studies to draw definitive conclusions about the role of culture in rumination and psychopathology and the need for research focusing on diverse cultural groups, clinical samples and disorder-specific measures of rumination. Advancing this research is crucial for informing the integration of culture into theories of rumination and enhancing cultural tailoring of interventions.

Genetic regulation of DNA methylation in immune cells may mediate complex disease risk. However, current epigenomic studies are constrained by microarray CpG coverage, mixed-cell tissues, and limited representation of diverse ancestries. Thus, we generated a whole-genome, multi-ancestry atlas of genetic effects on the purified monocyte methylome. We first performed whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) of purified peripheral blood monocytes and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) from 160 African American (AA) and 298 European American (EA) participants, profiling around 25 million CpG sites. Next, we identified cis-methylation quantitative trait loci (meQTLs), estimated cis-heritability, and evaluated replication against large external meQTL resources. We further trained population-specific DNAm imputation models and applied them to methylome-wide association studies (MWAS) of 41 traits using genome-wide association study summary statistics from the Million Veteran Program. Type 2 diabetes signals were further evaluated using Mendelian randomization and Bayesian colocalization. We also conducted exploratory trans-meQTL mapping. We identified 1,480,064 and 1,527,480 CpG sites with at least one cis-meQTL in AA and EA populations, respectively, including 543,869 shared sites and extensive population-specific regulation attributable to both allele-frequency differences and effect-size heterogeneity. Cis-meQTL effects replicated robustly in external datasets: effect sizes correlated strongly with prior studies (EA Pearson’s r = 0.76; 90.8% concordant directions; AA Pearson’s r = 0.71; 86.6% concordant directions). We built DNAm prediction models with cis-h2 > 0.01 for 2,677,714 CpG sites in AA and 1,976,046 CpG sites in EA, achieving mean cross-validated prediction R2 of 0.20 and 0.18. Across 41 traits, MWAS 23,650 significant methylation-phenotype associations (2,116 in AA and 21,534 in EA), of which ~ 98% were not interrogated by Illumina 450 K/EPIC arrays. For type 2 diabetes, MWAS identified 20 CpG sites in AA and 4,023 CpG sites in EA, with substantial support from Mendelian randomization and colocalization. Exploratory trans-meQTL mapping detected widespread long-range associations, with limited cross-study overlap but high directional concordance among shared signals. This whole-genome, monocyte-resolved, multi-ancestry methylome atlas and accompanying imputation resource expand interpretable methylation variation beyond array-based studies and enable multi-ancestry integration of genetic, epigenetic, and genome-wide association study data to prioritize immune-cell regulatory mechanisms for complex disease.