Eu Sites Research Articles

Special report: EU sites aid moves to circular economy

Special report: EU sites aid moves to circular economy

A Transition from Localized to Strongly Correlated Electron Behavior and Mixed Valence Driven by Physical or Chemical Pressure in ACo2As2 (A = Eu and Ca).

We demonstrate that the action of physical pressure, chemical compression, or aliovalent substitution in ACo2As2 (A = Eu and Ca) has a general consequence of causing these antiferromagnetic materials to become ferromagnets. In all cases, the mixed valence triggered at the electropositive A site results in the increase of the Co 3d density of states at the Fermi level. Remarkably, the dramatic alteration of magnetic behavior results from the very minor (<0.15 electron) change in the population of the 3d orbitals. The mixed valence state of Eu observed in the high-pressure (HP) form of EuCo2As2 exhibits a remarkable stability, achieving the average oxidation state of +2.25 at 12.6 GPa. In the case of CaCo2As2, substituting even 10% of Eu or La into the Ca site causes ferromagnetic ordering of Co moments. Similar to HP-EuCo2As2, the itinerant 3d ferromagnetism emerges from electronic doping into the Co layer because of chemical compression of Eu sites in Ca0.9Eu0.1Co1.91As2 or direct electron doping in Ca0.85La0.15Co1.89As2. The results reported herein demonstrate the general possibility of amplifying minor localized electronic effects to achieve major changes in material's properties via involvement of strongly correlated electrons.

Luminescence from the 5D1,2,3 excited states of Eu3+ in Y4Al2O9 crystal

The site-selective emission originating from 5D1,2,3 energy levels of Eu3+ in Y4Al2O9 (YAM) monoclinic bulk crystal is investigated. Energy and Stark splitting of excited states of europium in YAM are determined based on the low temperature absorption and emission spectra. Luminescence decays of three different sites of Eu3+ ions are measured as a function of temperature and europium concentration. The cross-relaxation among the Eu3+ ions are observed and discussed. Non-resonant mechanisms responsible for the temperature quenching of 5D1 emission are proposed.

Diagnosing and Treating the Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion

BackgroundThe syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion is the most common cause of hyponatremia in clinical practice, but current management of hyponatremia and outcomes in patients with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion are not well understood. The objective of the Hyponatremia Registry was to assess the current state of management of hyponatremia due to syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion in diverse hospital settings, specifically which diagnostic and treatment modalities are currently used and how rapidly and reliably they result in an increase in serum sodium concentration ([Na+]). A secondary objective was to determine whether treatment choices and outcomes differ across the United States and the European Union. MethodsThe Hyponatremia Registry recorded selected diagnostic measures and use, efficacy, and outcomes of therapy for euvolemic hyponatremia diagnosed clinically as syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion in 1524 adult patients with [Na+] ≤130 mEq/L (1034 from 146 US sites and 490 from 79 EU sites). A subgroup of patients with more rigorously defined syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion via measurement of relevant laboratory parameters was also analyzed. ResultsThe most common monotherapy treatments for hyponatremia in syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion were fluid restriction (48%), isotonic (27%) or hypertonic (6%) saline, and tolvaptan (13%); 11% received no active agent. The mean rate of [Na+] change (mEq/L/d) was greater for all active therapies than no active treatment. Hypertonic saline and tolvaptan produced the greatest mean rate of [Na+] change (interquartile range, both 3.0 [6.0] mEq/L/d) compared with lower interquartile range rates of [Na+] change for isotonic saline (1.5 [3.0] mEq/L/d) and fluid restriction (1.0 [2.3] mEq/L/d). The general pattern of responses was similar in both the US and EU cohorts. At discharge, [Na+] was <135 mEq/L in 75% of patients and ≤130 mEq/L in 43% of patients. Overly rapid correction occurred in 10.2% of patients. ConclusionsCurrent treatment of hyponatremia in syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion often uses therapies with limited efficacy; the most commonly chosen monotherapy treatments, fluid restriction and isotonic saline, failed to increase the serum [Na+] by ≥5 mEq/L in 55% and 64% of monotherapy treatment episodes, respectively. Appropriate laboratory tests to diagnose syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion were obtained in <50% of patients; success rates in correcting hyponatremia were significantly higher when such tests were obtained. Few outcome differences were found between the United States and the European Union. A notable exception was hospital length of stay; use of tolvaptan was associated with significantly shorter length of stay in the European Union but not in the United States. Despite the availability of effective therapies, most patients with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion were discharged from the hospital still hyponatremic.

Cell Therapy Regulatory Toolkit: an online regulatory resource.

Cell Therapy Regulatory Toolkit: an online regulatory resource.

Preferential Eu Site Occupation and Its Consequences in the Ternary Luminescent HalidesAB2I5∶Eu2+(A=Li–Cs;B=Sr, Ba)

Several rare-earth-doped, heavy-metal halides have recently been identified as potential next-generation luminescent materials with high efficiency at low cost. AB2I5:Eu2+ (A=Li–Cs; B=Sr, Ba) is one such family of halides. Its members, such as CsBa2I5:Eu2+ and KSr2I5:Eu2+, are currently being investigated as high-performance scintillators with improved sensitivity, light yield, and energy resolution less than 3% at 662 keV. Within the AB2I5 family, our first-principles-based calculations reveal two remarkably different trends in Eu site occupation. The substitutional Eu ions occupy both eightfold-coordinated B1(VIII) and the sevenfold-coordinated B2(VII) sites in the Sr-containing compounds. However, in the Ba-containing crystals, Eu ions strongly prefer the B2(VII)sites. This random versus preferential distribution of Eu affects their electronic properties. The calculations also suggest that in the Ba-containing compounds one can expect the formation of Eu-rich domains. These results provide atomistic insight into recent experimental observations about the concentration and temperature effects in Eu-doped CsBa2I5. We discuss the implications of our results with respect to luminescent properties and applications. We also hypothesize Sr, Ba-mixed quaternary iodides ABaVIIISrVIII5:Eu as scintillators having enhanced homogeneity and electronic properties.

Enhanced stability of Eu in GaN nanoparticles: Effects of Si co-doping

Ab initio calculations on Eu doped (GaN)n (n = 12, 13, and 32) nanoparticles show that Eu doping in nanoparticles is favorable compared with bulk GaN as a large fraction of atoms lie on the surface where strain can be released compared with bulk where often Eu doping is associated with a N vacancy. Co-doping of Si further facilitates Eu doping as strain from an oversized Eu atom and an undersized Si atom is compensated. These results along with low symmetry sites in nanoparticles make them attractive for developing strongly luminescent nanomaterials. The atomic and electronic structures are discussed using generalized gradient approximation (GGA) for the exchange-correlation energy as well as GGA + U formalism. In all cases of Eu (Eu + Si) doping, the magnetic moments are localized on the Eu site with a large value of 6μB (7μB). Our results suggest that co-doping can be a very useful way to achieve rare-earth doping in different hosts for optoelectronic materials.

Phosphor Informatics Based on Confirmatory Factor Analysis

The theoretical understanding of phosphor luminescence is far from complete. To accomplish a full understanding of phosphor luminescence, the data mining of existing experimental data should receive equal consideration along with theoretical approaches. We mined the crystallographic and luminescence data of 75 reported Eu(2+)-doped phosphors with a single Wyckoff site for Eu(2+) activator accommodation, and 32 descriptors were extracted. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) based on a structural equation model (SEM) was employed since it has been helpful in understanding complex problems in social sciences and in bioinformatics. This first attempt at applying CFA to the data mining of engineering materials provided a better understanding of the structural and luminescent-property relationships for LED phosphors than what we have learnt so far from the conventional theoretical approaches.

Phase formation and luminescence of Sr2SiO4:Eu2+ nanopowders prepared by a hybrid process

Sr2SiO4:0.01Eu2+ (S2S:Eu2+) nanopowders were prepared by a hybrid process, and the effects of different silicon sources (tetraethyl orthosilicate and colloidal SiO2) and flux on the structure and luminescence were investigated. The phase ratio of β- to α′-S2S (Rβ/α′), the phase purity, and the particle morphology were strongly affected by the silicon sources and the flux. The synthesized powders mainly consisted of needle-shaped particles whose size depended on the preparation conditions. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra exhibited two emission bands at around 485 and 535nm, which dominantly originated from the Eu(I) and Eu(II) sites, respectively. The addition of flux dramatically enhanced the PL intensities of the S2S:Eu2+ powders by about 340–400% with the exception of the powder synthesized using colloidal SiO2 with a concentration of 1.1M. The PL intensity was closely correlated with Rβ/α′, which significantly increased when flux was used.

Massive production of A2SiO4:Eu3+ and A2SiO4:Eu2+ (A = Ca, Sr, Ba) microspheres and luminescent properties

A2SiO4:Eu3+ and A2SiO4:Eu2+ (A=Ca, Sr, Ba) microspheres with dense structure were synthesized by the modified spray-drying process. The obtained samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, and spectrophotometer. The XRD results reveal that all samples are isostructure. The SEM results show that the obtained samples are microspheres with size in the range of 0.6–2.2μm. Dextrin plays an important role in the formation of spherical morphology. The excitation and emission spectra of the samples indicate that Eu3+ (or Eu2+) ions doped into different alkaline earth silicates will give different emission bands in different color regions and with different emission intensities. A2SiO4:Eu3+ samples show characteristic emission bands originating from 5D0→7Fj transitions of Eu3+ ions. A2SiO4:Eu2+ samples show different emission bands. The two emission bands for Sr2SiO4:Eu2+ relate to the two Eu2+ activator sites locating at two Sr2+ sites in Sr2SiO4 host. The difference of luminescent properties relates to the different sites of Eu3+ (or Eu2+) ions in the A2SiO4 hosts.

The effect of growth conditions and morphology on photoluminescence properties of Eu-doped ZnO nanostructures

In this study un-doped and Eu-doped ZnO nanostructures were fabricated by Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) method. The effects of post annealing, synthesis temperature and morphology on structural and optical properties of Eu-doped ZnO were studied in detail. Prepared samples were characterized using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Photoluminescence Spectroscopy (PL) in fluorescence and phosphorescence modes. XRD results indicated that Eu ions were successfully doped into the ZnO Nanorods due to no diffraction peaks related to dopants in the XRD patterns. This study recommends that intrinsic defects have an effective roll on energy transfer (ET) to Eu ions at indirect excitation. The results also revealed significant improvement in crystal structure after annealing process due to decrease in surface defects. However, ET and red emission decreased because of diminution in oxygen vacancy. Study on the Eu-doped ZnO Nanorods sample indicated that increasing of surface area have a direct effect on producing intense red emission from Eu sites.

Short-interval observational data to inform clinical trial design in Huntington's disease

ObjectivesTo evaluate candidate outcomes for disease-modifying trials in Huntington's disease (HD) over 6-month, 9-month and 15-month intervals, across multiple domains. To present guidelines on rapid efficacy readouts for disease-modifying trials.Methods40...

Spectroscopic studies on interaction of BSA and Eu(III) complexes with H5ph-dtpa and H5dtpa ligands

An novel aromatic aminopolycarboxylic acid ligand, N-(2-N,N-Dicarboxymethylaminophenyl) ethylenediamine-N,N′,N′-triacetic acid (H5ph-dtpa), was synthesized by improving experimental method and its corresponding Eu(III) complex, Na2[EuIII(ph-dtpa)(H2O)]·6H2O, was successfully prepared through heat-refluxing method. As a comparison, the Eu(III) complex with diethylenetriamine-N,N,N′,N′,N″-pentaacetic acid (H5dtpa) ligand, Na2[EuIII(dtpa)(H2O)]·6H2O, was also prepared by the same method. And then, the interaction between prepared Eu(III) complexes ([EuIII(dtpa)(H2O)]2− and [EuIII(ph-dtpa)(H2O)]2−) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) in aqueous solution were studied by the combination of ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis), fluorescence and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopies. In addition, the binding sites of Eu(III) complexes ([EuIII(dtpa)(H2O)]2− and [EuIII(ph-dtpa)(H2O)]2−) to BSA molecules were also estimated by synchronous fluorescence. Moreover, the theoretical and experimental results show that the Van der Waals, hydrogen bond and π–π stacking interactions are the mainly impulse to the reaction. The binding distances (r) between Eu(III) complexes ([EuIII(dtpa)(H2O)]2− and [EuIII(ph-dtpa)(H2O)]2−) and BSA were obtained according to Förster’s non-radiative energy transfer theory. Also, the determined UV–vis absorption spectroscopy, synchronous fluorescence and circular dichroism (CD) spectra showed that the conformation of BSA could be changed in the presence of Eu(III) complexes. The obtained results can help understand the action mode between rare earth metal complexes of aminopolycarboxylic acid ligands with BSA and they are also expected to provide important information of designs of new inspired drugs.

On the Translation in Romanian of IAS/IFRS

Business globalization, political and economical evolutions have led to the need for regional and international harmonization of accounting and financial reporting. In this context, IAS/IFRS have become the benchmark for many countries, except the US. But the official version of IAS/IFRS is published in English and originates in Anglo-Saxon cultures. The application of these standards in non-English speaking countries raises the difficult issue of their translation. The first translation of IAS in Romanian was issued in 2000. In this paper I analyze the 2008 consolidated version of IAS/IFRS as published on the EU site. I found that the translation of some words, formulas, sentences could be improved. For a list of 16 items, I propose different Romanian version. These proposals are based on my knowledge of Romanian language and of the Romanian accounting but also on the use as intermediate of French version of IAS / IFRS.

Infusion of Donor Lymphocytes Genetically Engineered to Express the Herpes Simplex Virus Thymidine Kinase (HSV-TK) Suicide Gene after Haploidentical Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT): Preliminary Efficacy Data from the Randomized TK008 Study

Background: Haploidentical family donors represent the ideal solution to offer a potential cure for every high-risk leukemia patient undergoing HSCT. Widespread use of haploidentical HSCT has been historically limited by high rates of late non-relapse mortality (NRM) and relapse, which are associated with the delayed immune reconstitution (IR) due to either ex vivo T-cell depletion or in vivo post-HSCT cyclophosphamide given as graft-vs-host disease (GvHD) prevention. We have previously shown in a phase 2 trial (TK007, Lancet Oncol 2009;10:489) that TK cells (donor T cells genetically modified to express the HSV-TK suicide gene) can safely induce an early IR when given after T-cell depleted haploidentical HSCTMethods: In a confirmatory, ongoing phase 3 trial (TK008, NCT00914628), up to 4 monthly infusions of TK cells are given at 1x107for kg of patient body weight, starting 21 to 49 days after T-cell depleted haploidentical HSCT in the experimental arm. Control arm consists of either T-cell depleted or post-HSCT cyclophosphamide haploidentical HSCT, at physician discretion. High-risk acute leukemia patients lacking an HLA-matched donor are included. So far, 34 patients have been enrolled from eight EU and US sites, with 19 being in complete remission, 18 presenting with AML and 22 having PS of 0 at HSCT. Hypothesis testing for primary efficacy endpoint: 1-year disease-free survival (DFS) of 30% (control arm) vs 52% (TK arm). Secondary endpoints include overall survival (OS), NRM and relapse incidence, proportion and timing to IR, incidence and control of GvHD by suicide-gene induction with ganciclovirResults: Data refer only to 24 patients randomly assigned to experimental arm. Median follow-up was 1.2 years. TK cells were timely given at a median of 28 days after HSCT (95% CI, 25 to 35). IR (defined as a CD3+ cell count > 100/µL) was achieved by 15 of 19 patients (79%) who received TK cells, after a median number of 2 doses (range, 1 to 4) and a median cumulative TK-cell dose of 2.4x107 (range, 1.0 to 3.9). The median time to reach IR computed from HSCT and last TK-cell infusion was 105 days (95% CI, 68 to 125) and 27 days (95% CI, 23 to 33), respectively. No patient received post-HSCT immune-suppressive therapy as GvHD prophylaxis. Acute GvHD developed in 7 patients (6 grade II and 1 grade III) for a 1-year cumulative incidence of 33% (±10) and was rapidly abrogated by suicide-gene induction with ganciclovir administered for a median of 14 days. None of the patients who experienced GvHD subsequently received prophylaxis with long-term immune-suppressive therapy (IST). No progression from acute to chronic GvHD and no GvHD-related death occurred. TK-cell-induced IR was characterized by a wide T-cell repertoire and high frequency of T cells specific for opportunistic pathogens and was associated with high survival rates. By ITT analysis at 1 year, OS was 85% (±8), DFS and IST-free survival were both 74% (±10) and NRM was 10% (±7). For patients achieving IR, the corresponding values of OS, DFS and NRM were 100%, 86% and 0%, respectively. Relapse incidence at 1 year was 16% (±8) for all patients and resulted related to the cumulative TK-cell dose, being 0% for patients who had received higher doses (≥3x107) compared to 20% for those treated with lower doses. By pooling data from TK007 and TK008 trial, these dose-related outcomes were confirmed in a landmark analysis set at 100 days after HSCT to mitigate the guarantee-time bias, with 5-years relapse incidence being inversely related to the TK-cell dose received (0%, 19% and 64% for doses ≥ 3x107, 1.1-2.9x107 and ≤ 1.0x107, respectively; p=0.008)Conclusions: Preliminary results of this ongoing phase 3 trial confirm the potential clinical benefit of T-cell gene transfer technology integrated with T-cell depleted haploidentical HSCT, and highlight the role of early IR as surrogate endpoint for survival outcomes and the dose-related antileukemic effects of TK cells DisclosuresNiederwieser:Novartis, Gentium, Amgen: Honoraria, Membership on an entity’s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau. Colombi:MolMed: Employment. Antonio:MolMed: Employment. Bordignon:MolMed: Employment.

Synthesis and Luminescent Characterization of Eu2+/Dy3+-Doped Sr2MgSi2O7 Powders

Abstract Eu 2+ /Dy 3+ -doped Sr 2 MgSi 2 O 7 powders were synthesized using a solid-state reaction method with flux (NH 4 Cl). Thebroad photoluminescence (PL) excitation spectra of Sr 2 MgSi 2 O 7 :Eu 2+ were assigned to the 4f 7 -4f 6 5d transition of the Eu 2+ ions,showing strong intensities in the range of 375 to 425 nm. A single emission band was observed at 470 nm, which was the resultof two overlapping subbands at 468 and 507 nm owing to Eu(I) and Eu(II) sites. The strongest emission intensity ofSr 2 MgSi 2 O 7 :Eu 2+ was obtained at the Eu concentration of 3 mol%. This concentration quenching mechanism was attributableto dipole-dipole interaction. The Ba 2+ substitution for Sr 2+ caused a blue-shift of the emission band; this behavior was discussedby considering the differences in ionic size and covalence between Ba 2+ and Sr 2+ . The effects of the Eu/Dy ratios on thephosphorescence of Sr 2 MgSi 2 O 7 :Eu 2+ /Dy 3+ were investigated by measuring the decay time; the longest afterglow was obtainedfor 0.01Eu

S11 Pirfenidone Post-authorisation Safety Registry (passport)-interim Analysis Of Ipf Treatment

Introduction Pirfenidone (Esbriet ® ) is approved for mild/moderate idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). PASSPORT is a post-authorisation safety registry required by the European Medicine Agency. Objective To present interim data from PASSPORT. Method Up to 140 EU sites will enrol 1000 patients. Safety data are recorded at routine clinic visits for 2 years. Adverse drug reactions (ADR: a noxious, unintended drug response at therapeutic doses) and serious ADRs (SADR: ADRs that are life-threatening; cause death, disability, congenital anomaly; require hospitalisation or an intervention to prevent permanent impairment) are collected. Results Data from 530 patients enrolled by 68 sites in 7 countries are included. Age was 69 ± 8.8 years (mean ± SD); IPF diagnosis duration was 1.8 ± 3.51 years; 81% were men. Median time in study was 5.5 months; total exposure was 284 person-years. Of 311 patients with ADRs, 85 discontinued due to ADR and 41 discontinued for other reasons. Approximately 1/3 of patients with ADRs had their dose adjusted. For patients who experienced an ADR: 55% of patients without a dose adjustment were able to continue treatment, while 69% of those with a dose adjustment were able to continue treatment. 20% discontinued due to the ADR after having a dose adjustment, but 31% discontinued due to the ADR without a dose adjustment. When ADRs were managed by dose adjustment, dose adjustment was associated with continuing treatment. Conclusion PASSPORT ADRs are comparable to those in clinical trials of pirfenidone in IPF. No new safety issues emerged. Dose adjustment may influence long-term tolerability of pirfenidone.

The correlation between the structural and luminescent properties of Ca2SiO4:Eu2+ nanopowders prepared by the sol-gel process.

Ca2SiO4:Eu2+ powders were prepared by the sol-gel process using calcium nitrate hydrate, europium nitrate hydrate, and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS). The effects of the amount of TEOS, firing temperatures, and the Eu2+ concentration on the structural and luminescence properties were investigated. The CaO impurity phase was produced and it strongly contributed to emission properties. The prepared powders were composed of irregular-shaped particles, square plates (CaO), and/or needle-shaped particles, depending on the amount of TEOS, while with excess TEOS content (1.2 M), Ca2SiO4:Eu2+ crystals were contained in the glass matrix. The photoluminescence excitation (PLE) spectra of the synthesized powders widely covered from 250 to 450 nm. The related PL emission spectra showed green emissions (- 510 nm), which resulted from two overlapped Gaussian emission bands centered at 502 and 550 nm assigned to the 4f(7)-4f(6)5d1 transitions of the Eu(II) and Eu(I) sites, respectively. Eu2+ ions were incorporated into CaO as well as Ca2SiO4, and thus the Eu2+ concentration in Ca2SiO4 was adjusted by the amount of the CaO phase in samples. As a result, the strongest green emission of Ca2SiO4:Eu2+ was obtained with 0.9 M TEOS.

Tunable emission, concentration quenching and crystallographic sites of Eu2+ in Sr3Y(PO4)3

A series of Sr3Y(PO4)3:Eu2+ samples are synthesized by the high temperature solid-state method. Sr3Y(PO4)3:Eu2+ shows an asymmetrical emission band under excitation of 350 nm. The emission peaks at 426 nm and 497 nm are assigned to the nine-coordination Eu2+ and six-coordination Eu2+, respectively. The effects of Eu2+ doping content on the emission intensity and color are observed, and the concentration quenching effect is also observed. For two different Eu2+ luminescence centers, the quenching mechanisms are dipole-dipole interaction and quadrupole-quadrupole interaction, respectively. And the critical distance of energy transfer is calculated by concentration quenching and turns out to be about 3.67 nm. The results above show that the asymmetrical emission band of Sr3Y(PO4)3:Eu2+ comes from two different Eu2+ luminescence centers in the lattice.

Eu9Cd4-xCM2+x-y□ySb9: Ca9Mn4Bi9-type structure stuffed with coinage metals (Cu, Ag, and Au) and the challenges with classical valence theory in describing these possible zintl phases.

The synthesis, crystal structure, magnetic properties, and europium Mössbauer spectroscopy of the new members of the 9-4-9 Zintl family of Eu(9)Cd(4-x)CM(2+x-y)□(y)Sb(9) (CM = coinage metal: Au, Ag, and Cu) are reported. These compounds crystallize in the Ca(9)Mn(4)Bi(9) structure type (9-4-9) with the 4g interstitial site almost half-occupied by coinage metals; these are the first members in the 9-4-9 family where the interstitial positions are occupied by a monovalent metal. All previously known compounds with this structure type include divalent interstitials where these interstitials are typically the same as the transition metals in the anionic framework. Single-crystal magnetic susceptibility data indicate paramagnetic behavior for all three compounds with antiferromagnetic ordering below 10 K (at 100 Oe) that shifts to lower temperature (<7 K) by applying a 3 T magnetic field. (151)Eu Mössbauer spectra were collected on polycrystalline powder samples of Eu(9)Cd(4-x)CM(2+x-y)□(y)Sb(9) at 50 and 6.5 K in order to evaluate the valence of Eu cations. Although the Zintl formalism states that the five crystallographically distinct Eu sites in Eu(9)Cd(4-x)CM(2+x-y)□(y)Sb9 should bear Eu(2+), the Mössbauer spectral isomer shifts are clearly indicative of both 2+ and 3+ valence of the Eu cations with the Cu- and Au-containing compounds showing higher amounts of Eu(3+). This electronic configuration leads to an excess of negative charge in these compounds that contradicts the expected valence-precise requirement of Zintl phases. The spectra obtained at 6.5 K reveal magnetic ordering for both Eu(2+) and Eu(3+). The field dependence of Eu(2+) indicates two distinct magnetic sublattices, with higher and lower fields, and of a small field for Eu(3+). The site symmetry of the five Eu sites is not distinguishable from the Mössbauer data.