Etiology Of Mandibular Fractures Research Articles

РАСПРОСТРАНЕННОСТЬ И ЭТИОЛОГИЯ ПЕРЕЛОМОВ НИЖНЕЙ ЧЕЛЮСТИ

Subject. A review of the literature on the topical problem of maxillofacial surgery and dental surgery — the prevalence and etiology of mandibular fractures is presented. The aim of the study was to study the materials of publications on the prevalence and etiology of mandibular fractures. 
 Methodology. The publications of domestic and foreign authors, testifying to the prevalence and etiology of mandibular fractures, were studied. 
 Results. The publications confirm the tendency of an increase in the number of mandibular fractures. Fractures of the mandible are of polyfactorial origin. 
 The research results demonstrate the presence of a specific connection between fractures of the lower jaw and social (region of residence, socio-economic state, cultural characteristics, lifestyle, etc.), age and gender factors. 
 Conclusions. Fractures of the lower jaw prevail in the structure of fractures of the bones of the facial skeleton. The majority of patients are urban residents. One-sided fractures are most common. 
 The greatest number of mandibular fractures is recorded in the age group 21-30 years. At the same time, the youth age group is dominant here. A low incidence of fractures was noted in the elderly group. 
 Mandibular fractures are more common in men than in women in a ratio of ~ 4: 1, but the proportion of women with fractures of the mandible has recently been increasing. 
 Mandibular fractures are most common in the summer months, with Sunday dominating the days of the week. 
 Mandibular fractures can be caused by a variety of factors. In recent years, there has been an upward trend in the number of fractures caused by road traffic accidents in many countries. Female patients indicate a high incidence of violence against them. Falls are the most common cause of fractures in older people. 
 There is a definite relationship between the incidence of fractures and the use of alcohol and other psychoactive substances.

Spectrum of Mandibular Fractures in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Karachi

Objective: To evaluate the frequency, pattern, and etiology of mandibular fractures at a tertiary care hospital, in Karachi Study Design: Retrospective, cross-sectional study. Setting: Abbasi Shaheed Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan Methodology: The study was initiated in Outpatient Maxillofacial Surgery Department of Abbasi Shaheed Hospital Karachi. The duration of the study was 5 years and six months. Data of mandibular trauma was evaluated. In this retrospective, cross-sectional study the patients were recruited through convenience sampling and the inclusion criteria was patients from both genders suffered from mandibular trauma of mandibular region. Patients who suffered from the trauma of face other than mandible were excluded. The sample size of the study was 464. A questionnaire was designed to enquire into the demographic details like age, sex, etiology, and site of fracture. The data was analyzed on SPSS version 17.0. Results: The majority of patients were males i.e. 384 (82.8%) while 80 (17.2%) were females. The most common type of fracture was combination fractures followed by parasymphysis i.e. 142 (30.6%) and 79 (17%) respectively. Road traffic accident was the major cause of trauma i.e. 332 (71.6%) followed by fall 96 (20.7%). Cross tabulation was done between different variables. Association of gender with etiology and type of fracture revealed non-significant p-value while the association of age with etiology revealed significant p-value. The highest number of mandibular fracture cases due to RTA were reported in the year 2019. Conclusion: It has been concluded that the frequency of mandibular trauma is quite high with male dominance. The most susceptible site of trauma is the combination and parasymphseal region and the most common etiology were road traffic accidents.

Etiology, treatment, and complications of mandibular fractures.

The objective of this retrospective study was to evaluate some epidemiological characteristics, surgical treatment methods, and complications of cases involving mandibular fractures. Records from 119 patients treated for mandibular fractures between January 2006 and December 2011 were analyzed. We find mandibular fractures mostly affect Caucasian (72.2%) men (80.7%). The mean age of the patients was 28.1 years. Road traffic accidents (RTA) caused the most fractures (49.5%), followed by physical violence, including gunshot wounds (21%). Motorcycle accidents were the most common cause of RTA (76.2%). The most affected mandibular regions were the parasymphysis (26.9%) and the mandible angle (25.1%). Both surgical and nonsurgical treatments were applied (90.4% and 9.6%, respectively). The most common surgical approach was the intraoral (64.9%), using the 2.0-mm fixation system (88.0%). Complications such as postoperative infections, malocclusion, and paresthesia occurred in 36 patients (30.2%). This research revealed interesting features about the etiology of mandibular fractures that were mostly associated with RTA. Severity of the trauma and noncompliance of the patients were factors that contributed to the development of postoperative complications.

Incidence and etiology of mandibular fractures treated in Vilnius University Hospital Žalgiris clinic, Lithuania: a review of 1 508 cases

Relevance of the study: this is the first Lithuanian study, which analyzes in detail the incidence, etiology and circumstances of mandibular fractures treated in the Vilnius University Hospital, Lithuania. The data and findings of this study are compared with other studies, identifying specific mandibular trauma patterns in Lithuania. Background. During past few decades, the socioeconomic situation in Lithuania has been changing significantly, and there is a need to evaluate data about mandibular fracture epidemiology and etiology. The aim of the study was to analyse the incidence, etiology, circumstances and localization of mandibular fractures treated in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Vilnius University Hospital Žalgiris Clinic, Lithuania. Materials and methods. The medical records of 1 508 patients with mandibular fractures, treated between 1 January 2005 and 31 December 2009, were reviewed. The following data were analysed: age, gender, trauma date and time, etiology and circumstances of trauma, fracture area. Results. The male : female ratio was 7.3 : 1. The majority of patients (53.6%) were young people, aged 16–30 years. Mandibular fractures most often (53%) occurred between May and September, mostly at weekends (61%) and in the late evening (60%). The main cause of mandibular fractures was interpersonal violence (70%), followed by falls and accidents (19%), and road traffic accidents (6%). Even 15% of men and 10% of women were alcohol intoxicated at the time of trauma. The most common fracture area was mandibular angle (32%) and condylar process fractures (31%). Conclusions. The incidence of mandibular fractures was remarkably larger in the male, during the second and third decade of life. Most mandibular fractures occurred in the warm period of the year, especially at weekends and late evening. The mandibular basis region was the most common fracture site. The most common cause of mandibular fractures was assault.

Incidence and pattern of mandibular fractures in rural population: a review of 324 patients at a tertiary hospital in Loni, Maharashtra, India

The aim of this study was to document the pattern and incidence of mandibular fractures occurring in rural population, at Rural Dental College and Hospital, Maharashtra, India. A retrospective analysis of patient records and radiographs for the 5-year period from January 2003 to December 2007 was conducted. Data were identified and analyzed based on age group, gender distribution, anatomic location, and cause of injury. A total of 324 patients with 486 injuries were reviewed, males formed 80.9% and females 19.1% of the studied population, with peak incidence occurring in the 21-30 years age group. The most common fractures site was parasymphysis (39.3%). The etiology of mandibular fractures was road traffic accidents (42.9%), followed by falls (25.9%), assaults and interpersonal violence (20.7%), and animal injuries (10.5%). Our results exhibit that road traffic accidents remain the major cause of mandibular trauma and animal injuries being found exclusively in rural population. There is a variation of incidence and pattern of maxillofacial trauma from region to region.

Fractures of the mandible in the aging population

Maxillofacial trauma in elderly patients represents a significant social concern, as it uses one-third of all medical resources allocated to trauma care. Studies have shown the incidence of maxillofacial trauma in the elderly population has been increasing over the past 30 years. A common injury in patients who present with maxillofacial trauma is fracture of the mandible. The etiology, demographics, and management of elderly patients with mandibular fractures differ from younger cohorts. Falls are the primary reason for mandibular fracture in the elderly with 30% of individuals over 65 years of age falling each year. This increases to more than 40% in persons 80 years and older. Elderly persons with atrophic mandible have less osteogenic capability and reduced blood flow, and may have a complex medical history, so that management of a fracture of the mandible may require special considerations. The purpose of this review paper was to examine demographic patterns and the etiology of mandibular fractures in the elderly; and to evaluate treatment strategies.

Differences in the etiology of mandibular fractures in Kuwait, Canada, and Finland.

We studied causes of mandibular fractures treated in oral and maxillofacial units in three countries in years 1990-2000 in Kuwait (n=596), 1995-2000 in Canada (n=228), and 1990-99 in Finland (n=268). Of the Finnish patients, 27% were women. Corresponding percentages in Kuwait and Canada were 13 and 17%, respectively. Traffic crashes were the cause of injury in 55% of the cases in Kuwait and 33% in Oulu, but only 7% in Toronto. In Kuwait, the victims were often young people, which is why more traffic education, more control of speed, and more control of the use of safety belts should be implemented. Assault was the cause in 54% in Toronto, 12% in Kuwait, and 37% in Oulu. Falling was the cause in 22% of the cases in Kuwait. Alcohol was implicated in 21% of cases in Canada and 15% in Finland.