Chelating agents EDTA and oxalic acid for enhanced Fenton treatment of landfill leachate at neutral pH.

FeMn-layered double hydroxide-modified carbon cloth combined with ion exchange membrane enhanced the degradation of ionic organic pollutants in the capacitive desalination/peroxymonosulfate system.

ABSTRACT The behavior of cesium in the presence of a natural sediment (NS) and its inorganic components (WS) was studied. The sediment was treated to remove the organic matter, and both materials were characterized. Albite, kaolinite, and quartz were found in the materials by X-ray diffraction; the surface areas were 20.1 and 4.9 m2/g for NS and WS, respectively; the points of zero charge were 5.8 and 5.2, and organic carbon percentages were 0.78 and <0.5% for NS and WS, respectively. The organic matter has a negative effect on the adsorption of cesium by the sediments, because WS (2.54 mg/g) shows better adsorption capacity than NS (1.51 mg/g) at pHinitial = 6.26. The Freundlich model described the adsorption isotherms, indicating heterogeneous materials. The adsorption capacity of cesium was similar from pH 4 to 8 whereas at pH = 2, the adsorption was lower for both materials. According to thermodynamic parameters, the adsorption processes were exothermic for both systems (Cs/NS and Cs/WS). The desorption process was evaluated using nitric acid, sodium chloride, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt dehydrate solutions in two adsorption-desorption cycles. NS and WS materials are potential materials to remove cesium from aqueous solutions, and cesium is adsorbed mainly by the inorganic matter.

Effect of ethylenediaminetetraacetic, etidronic, and peracetic acids with different concentrations on the removal of Enterococcus faecalis biofilms from root canal walls: an in vitro study.

The smear layer in radicular dentin reduces effective disinfection by occluding dentinal tubules and decreasing dentin permeability, contributing to persistent microbial infection and root canal treatment failures. To compare the effect of 980 nm Diode laser irradiation and conventional irrigation with Sodium hypochlorite and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (NaOCl +EDTA) on smear layer removal in radicular dentin through dye penetration test. Sixty-six extracted single-rooted permanent teeth were randomly allocated into two groups. Group I underwent 980 nm diode laser irradiation using a 200 µm fiber in helicoidal motion (2 W power, 200 Hz frequency, 1-4 ms pulse duration). Group II received conventional irrigation with 3% NaOCl followed by 17% EDTA. All specimens were immersed in 2% methylene blue dye for 48 h, after which cross-sections were obtained at 3, 5, and 8 mm from the anatomical apex. Dye penetration diameter (mm) and area (mm²) between the inner and outer circumferences were measured using ImageJ software under a stereomicroscope. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post-hoc tests. The diode laser irradiation demonstrated overall significantly greater dentinal tubule penetration (16.2 ± 1.91 mm) compared to the conventional irrigation (5.32 ± 0.70 mm; p = 0.001). The overall mean area of the laser group (12.61 ± 2.02 mm²) was greater as compared to the conventional group (1.67 ± 0.73 mm²; p = 0.001). Diode laser irradiation may serve as an effective adjunct for smear layer removal and improved root canal disinfection.

In Vitro and Ex Vivo Evaluation of a Novel Solvent for Tricalcium Silicate-based Sealers.

Enhanced oxygen reduction performances of Fe/Zn-N-C from zinc/ferric-coordinated ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid and in-situ generated dual salts

Heavy metal pollution in farmland poses a threat to crop safety and human health, with cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), and mercury (Hg) being the main pollutants due to their high toxicity and bioaccumulation. Chemical amendment and agronomic regulation are effective measures for the remediation and safe utilization of mildly and moderately polluted farmland, but the effects of different amendments and their regulation mechanisms remain to be clarified. This study investigated the effects of rhamnolipids, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA-Na2), and (NH4)2SO4 (applied individually/jointly) for soil remediation and wheat safety through field experiments. Physicochemical properties and heavy metal forms were determined, and heavy metal contents in different wheat parts were determined to assess migration, enrichment, and safety. Results have shown the treatment containing (NH4)2SO4 significantly increased the soil organic matter (OM, +93.3%-105.3%) content. The combination of (NH4)2SO4 and EDTA-Na2 significantly increased the cation exchange capacity (CEC, +32.7%-54.0%). The application of amendments can promote the transformation of heavy metals from available to residual forms, and soil pH, OM, and CEC are key factors affecting the transformation of heavy metal forms. The bioavailability of heavy metals can be reduced through molecular interactions and interfacial processes. The S2E2 combination significantly enhances soil OM and CEC, achieving effective passivation of soil heavy metals through chelation and adsorption. In wheat, As and Cd are mainly retained in the roots (translocation factor [TF] < 1), while Hg is transported to the stems (TF > 1). All grains meet food safety limits, confirming that the synergistic effect of chemistry and agronomy can achieve safe cultivation of wheat during the remediation process.

To evaluate clinical outcomes following diamond burr debridement (DBD) of spontaneous chronic corneal epithelial defects (SCCEDs) in dogs, and to identify predisposing factors and treatment choices that may affect outcomes. Medical records of dogs treated for SCCED by DBD between January 2018 and May 2023 at an ophthalmology referral centre were retrospectively reviewed. Data collected included breed, age, eye affected, prior treatment, co-morbidities, treatment after the DBD procedure, time to healing, further procedures, and complications. Outcomes were classified as normal healing (NH: ulcer healed ≤ 16 days) or delayed healing (DH: ulcer healed > 16 days). A total of 598 eyes from 521 dogs were analyzed. French bulldogs (21.4%), Boxers (16.4%), and Staffordshire bull terriers (8.4%) were the most common breeds affected. Overall, 405/598 eyes (67.7%) healed after a single DBD without further intervention (range: 6-55 days), with 370/598 eyes (61.9%) achieving healing within 16 days. Complications occurred in 49 eyes (8.2%) following DBD. In multivariable analysis, French bulldogs demonstrated significantly lower odds of normal healing and a higher risk of complications. Postoperative administration of oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and topical 0.2% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) in carbomer were also associated with reduced odds of normal healing. Clinical outcomes following DBD for SCCEDs are influenced by breed, comorbidities, and postoperative treatments. French bulldogs are predisposed to delayed healing and complications, and the use of oral NSAIDs or topical EDTA in carbomer may adversely affect healing outcomes.

Ultrasound imaging and therapy of the brain is impeded by the reflection and attenuation characteristics of the skull, especially for high frequency imaging. In this study, the potential utility of surgically thinning and chemically decalcifying a region of skull bone was explored acutely in rats in vivo. It was found that thinning the skull to approximately 35 μm thickness and decalcifying with 20% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) for at least 30 min effectively rendered the treated bone acoustically transparent for 5.4 MHz ultrasound therapy (histotripsy) signals and for 30 MHz ultrasound imaging signals. Simultaneous low intensity 1 MHz sonication of the site accelerated the process to achieve skull transparency levels at 15 min that were similar to 30 min without sonication. There was histological evidence of tissue damage caused by EDTA solution on the surface of the brain, depending on treatment duration. The long-term significance of this tissue effect and the longevity of the ultrasound transmission improvement are not yet clear.

Remediation of mine farmland soil using hydrothermal carbonization aqueous phase from Baijiu distillers' grains: integrated benefits of metal detoxification and fertility enhancement.

Cu2+-Mediated membrane property modulation and aggregation of membranized coacervates for facilitating diabetic wound healing.

The electrochemical reuse of spent graphite from the negative electrodes of lithium-ion batteries is influenced by regeneration-induced changes in near-surface chemical and defect states. These states govern solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) re-formation, particularly when bulk contaminants are suppressed. Acidic malic-acid leaching and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid chelation under alkaline conditions (pH 8.7) were compared under similar operating parameters to isolate the role of the leaching environment. This was followed by heat treatment at 1200 °C to decouple chemical cleaning from structural restoration. Both methods reduced the total impurities from 217.85 ppm to ~1.8 ppm, approaching that of commercial graphite. Despite the comparable bulk purity, depth-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy after formation cycling revealed distinct outermost surface states relevant to SEI re-formation: acidic processing yielded a more oxygenated carbon signature and higher LiOH fraction at the outermost surface (~16%), whereas alkaline chelation produced a more graphitic, carbonate-dominated surface with lower LiOH (~7%). Electrochemical and impedance measurements were consistent with these differences, suggesting that after the bulk impurities were minimized, resistance development was largely governed by the leaching-conditioned near-surface state, which biased the SEI composition. The comparison under matched conditions linked the regeneration environment to SEI-relevant surface speciation and provided a mechanistic basis for selecting regeneration routes to reuse spent graphite as a negative-electrode active material.

Silver-coated copper (Cu@Ag) powders prepared by electroless deposition possess wide applications due to high conductivity and good stability. However, the synergistic mechanism between reducing and complexing agent is unclear, and the preparation of uniform Cu@Ag powders is still a challenge. Here, the synergistic effect and mechanism of reducing and complexing agents for the preparation of Cu@Ag powders were studied. It was confirmed that formaldehyde with aldehyde group exhibited stronger reducing ability than glucose. The synergistic effect between reducing agents (i.e. formaldehyde and glucose) and complexing agents (i.e. potassium sodium tartrate, citric acid and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) on homogeneous preparation of Cu@Ag powders was elucidated. It was found that formaldehyde and potassium sodium tartrate were the optimum matching reducing agent and complexing agent. Cu@Ag powders with good core–shell structure were obtained and the resistivity was only 0.112 mΩ·cm. It is ascribed to moderate dissociation energy difference between copper and silver complexing ions. Cu@Ag powders obtained under optimum conditions possessed good oxidation resistance. Compared to copper powders, the weight gain of Cu@Ag powder decreased from 25.5% to 19.3% at 519.5 °C. This work provides a theoretical basis to select and match reducing and complexing agents for the preparation of uniform Cu@Ag powders.

Perovskite oxides have emerged as promising cathode catalyst candidates for Li-O2 batteries due to their structural tunability, bifunctional catalytic activity, high chemical/structural stability, and high cost-effectiveness. However, the key challenges, inferior intrinsic conductivity and limited exposure of accessible active sites, have been hindering their practical application. Herein, a dual strategy of La-site deficiency and morphological regulation was proposed to in situ synthesize the coral-like La1- xNi0.5-yFe0.5O3-δ/NiO composites as high-performance bifunctional catalysts for Li-O2 batteries for the first time. La-site deficiency not only induces the in situ formation of the NiO functional phase but also modulates the electronic structures (oxygen vacancy concentration and transition metal oxidation states). Additionally, the addition of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) chelating agent creates a coral-like structure, which effectively facilitates the mass transfer process and provides increased storage space for Li2O2. The Li-O2 battery with La0.7 EDTA catalyst exhibits exceptional electrochemical performance: low charge-transfer resistance (42 Ω), high discharge capacity (2.84 mAh), and extended cycling stability (121 cycles at 100 mA g-1-0.5 mAh). More importantly, rate capability measurements unveil that the morphological regulation plays a more critical role at current densities below 200 mA g-1, whereas the contribution of La-site deficiency becomes predominant at higher current densities. This work establishes a materials design paradigm coupling atomic-scale defects with bio-inspired 3D architectures for advanced energy storage systems.

ABSTRACT Due to the adsorption of heavy metals (HMs) onto extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in dewatered sludge, the distribution of HMs among various EPS fractions remains unclear, thus impeding the advancement of efficient HM removal technologies. To investigate the persistence of EPS within sludge flocs following physical extraction and to determine the distribution of HMs in EPS, a systematic set of procedures and analytical tests were designed and implemented. The experimental results revealed a novel type of EPS, which is located closer to the cell wall and can be effectively extracted using chemical rather than physical methods. The phenomenon was elucidated through a combination of EPS extraction analysis, SEM analysis and soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) analysis of the residual sludge following pretreatment with Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and citric acid (CA). A newly identified EPS fraction, termed chemical-extracted tightly bound EPS (C-TB-EPS), was observed, and 0.125 mol/L EDTA was determined to be the most appropriate extraction method for C-TB-EPS without causing significant disruption to the sludge flocs. Furthermore, the spatial distribution of HMs within EPS exhibited a distinct gradient, with their concentrations showing a marked increase in proximity to the cell wall. Quantitative analysis revealed that Zn, Ni, and Cu contributed 26.36%, 16.56%, and 0.51%, respectively, to the total HM inventory in the respective original sludge. The findings not only offer valuable insights into the spatial distribution and classification of EPS in dewatered sludge but also lay a foundation for further investigations into the development of HMs targeted removal strategies.

Controllable spherical anhydrous MgCO3 remains a significant challenge that restricts its wider application. A green and efficient strategy for morphology-regulated anhydrous MgCO3 was investigated using an ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)-modified deep eutectic solvent (DES). Uniform spherical particles with an average size of 12.78 μm were obtained at 160 °C for 1 h and grew to 15.03 μm after 2.5 h. At 180 °C, spherical anhydrous MgCO3 formed within 0.5 h, with the particle size increasing from 12.95 to 20.13 μm as the reaction was extended. The characteristic reflections at 2θ = 32.6°, 42.9°, and 53.9° were observed with no detectable impurities. The absence of the IR band near 1640 cm-1 and a residual mass of 47.6% after heating to 600 °C under N2 further verified the anhydrous nature and high purity. The spherical MgCO3 exhibited a smaller peak shift of the (104) plane during heating and a higher T5% value, indicating superior thermal stability over its cubic counterpart. The main formation mechanism is that EDTA can strongly chelate Mg2+, displace its coordinated water molecules, and regulate ion release, thereby changing the growth mechanism from interface-reaction-controlled to diffusion-controlled, which promotes isotropic spherical growth. It provides an environmentally benign route for controlled MgCO3 synthesis.

Preeclampsia is a pregnancy disorder with numerous symptoms that affects both the mother and the child. The ameliorative potentials of Phoenix dactylifera fruit extract on selected biochemical parameters of the rat model of preeclampsia were investigated using standard analytical methods. Phytochemical screening was carried out on the Phoenix dactylifera fruit following extraction with ethanol solvent before administering it to rats. This study was undertaken to analyse the ameliorative potentials of Phoenix dactylifera fruit extracts on biochemical parameters of the rat model of preeclampsia. Mean values (M) ± SD were calculated, and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed for multiple comparisons. A total of twenty-four (24) healthy albino rats (100 - 200 g) of both sexes were housed and cohabited with fertile male rats in a ratio of 2:1 (F: M). The rats were sacrificed painlessly, and blood was collected through cardiac puncture from each rat into heparin and ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid (EDTA) sample bottles for haematological and biochemical analysis, respectively. The experimental animals were divided into four groups containing six animals each (Four female rats and two males) as follow: group 1- Control (received normal feed and water), group 2- ( induced preeclampsia by administering 50 mg/kg/day of N (ω)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) on gestation day 11), group 3 and 4 (were induced preeclampsia in addition to 20 mg/kg/day losartan between gestation day 12-20 and 100 mg/kg/day Phoenix dactylifera fruit extract between gestation 5-18). The pilot study carried out ascertained that 100 mg/kg/day of Phoenix dactylifera fruit extract was the dose that gave the best treatment on the birth weight and number of live pups in rats. Phytochemical screening of Phoenix dactylifera fruit revealed: tannins 0.92±0.20%, saponins 5.25±0.05%, alkaloids 4.68±0.06%, flavonoids 14.64±0.22%, hydrogen cyanide 0.01±0.00%, oxalate 3.18±0.03%, and phenol 10.50±0.12%. L-Name induced preeclampsia had a negative effect on the biochemical parameters, particularly lipid profile parameters, cardiac parameters, as well as some liver function and kidney function parameters; however, treatment with losartan and Phoenix dactylifera fruit extract significantly reversed this effect on the biochemical parameters. It can be concluded that Phoenix dactylifera fruit extract is a promising source for managing preeclampsia in the rat model. This study has shown that Phoenix dactylifera fruit extract is a promising source for managing preeclampsia, particularly on lipid profile parameters, cardiac parameters, and some liver function and kidney function parameters.

Endodontic irrigation is an indispensable component of successful root canal treatment, serving as a critical adjunct to mechanical instrumentation in achieving disinfection, smear layer removal, and debris dissolution. This comprehensive review delves into the contemporary landscape of endodontic irrigating solutions, meticulously evaluating their efficacy in achieving these objectives while considering their biocompatibility and clinical applicability. Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) remains the cornerstone of irrigation protocols due to its potent antimicrobial and tissue-dissolving properties, yet its inherent cytotoxicity necessitates judicious application. Alternative irrigants, including chlorhexidine (CHX), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), citric acid, and emerging agents like QMix and MTAD, offer varying degrees of efficacy and biocompatibility. This review meticulously examines the mechanisms of action, advantages, and limitations of these solutions, underscoring the significance of understanding their interactions and the imperative for ongoing research to refine irrigation protocols for enhanced clinical outcomes. Furthermore, the review explores the impact of irrigation techniques, delivery systems, and the role of novel technologies in optimizing the effectiveness of irrigating solutions.

Silicon solar panels play an important role in the transition to a carbon-neutral energy system. Silver (Ag), a core yet nonrenewable material in silicon solar panels, faces increasing scarcity with the surge in solar panel production and end-of-life (EoL) volume. We report a synergistic oxidative-coordination strategy for efficient silver recovery from EoL panels. This approach eliminates the use of toxic mineral acids and minimizes secondary pollution by harnessing the strong oxidative potential of hydroxyl radicals (·OH) in combination with the coordination ability of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). Notably, the in situ formation of Ag-Ag2O heterostructures during oxidation promotes enhanced ·OH generation, thereby accelerating silver dissolution. Using this method, complete silver leaching is achieved within 60 min, while closed-loop regeneration of EDTA2- is enabled through chloride-induced precipitation. Life cycle assessment and technoeconomic analysis revealed significant reductions in energy demand, greenhouse gas emissions, and water consumption compared with conventional methods, alongside nearly 126% greater process profitability. This work establishes a sustainable and industrially viable Ag recovery pathway, addressing critical bottlenecks in EoL silicon solar panel waste management.