Changes in flavor profiles and microbial community diversity throughout rice wine fermentation with Rhizopus oryzae from different sources.

Anti-quorum-sensing activity of Plectranthus aliciae in multispecies Cutibacterium acnes-Staphylococcus epidermidis systems.

Echium italicum is a medicinal plant traditionally used in Türkiye for wound healing and inflammatory conditions. In this study, chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethanol, and 70% ethanol extracts prepared from the aerial parts were comparatively evaluated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and their invitro antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory, and DNA interaction properties were investigated. LC-MS/MS profiling of the ethyl acetate, ethanol, and 70% ethanol extracts revealed marked solvent-dependent differences in phenolic composition, with the 70% ethanol extract containing the highest amounts of rosmarinic acid (8.858 mg/g), astragalin (4.551 mg/g), and nicotiflorin (3.874 mg/g). The GC-MS analysis showed that the primary constituents of the chloroform extract were 5-eicosene (25.30%), 1-octadecene (19.82%), and octacosanol (14.85%). The ethyl acetate extract mainly included 9-octadecenoic acid methyl ester (35.11%), methyl palmitate (25.05%), and methyl stearate (11.35%). Among all tested extracts, the 70% ethanol extract exhibited the strongest 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging activity (78.10% at 200 μg/mL) and the highest α-glucosidase inhibition (61.45% at 200 μg/mL), whereas effects against α-amylase, tyrosinase, and elastase were weak. In agarose gel electrophoresis assays, the 70% ethanol extract did not induce DNA strand breaks and protected pBR322 plasmid DNA against hydroxyl radical-induced oxidative damage. These results suggest that hydroethanolic extraction more effectively recovers phenolics linked to antioxidant, α-glucosidase inhibitory, and DNA-protective effects in E. italicum.

Antiplasmodial Compounds from Clerodendrum rotundifolium Oliv. and Oral Toxicity Assessment of the Leaf Extracts.

Catalytic oxidation of toluene and ethyl acetate on CuMnAlOx catalysts: Synergistic promotion effect and the interaction mechanism

Antiplasmodial and cytotoxic metabolites from the aerial parts of Vernonia glabra (Asteraceae).

Green optimization strategy of sunflower oil extraction using natural deep eutectic solvent.

Functional characterization of CaspOR20 involved in repellency of 1-penten-3-ol, sulcatone, and methyl salicylate against the rape stem weevil Ceutorhynchus asper.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, is a chronic disorder that markedly impairs quality of life. Current diagnostic and monitoring tools rely on invasive procedures such as endoscopy, which are costly and burdensome. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in breath and feces, reflecting host-microbiota metabolism, have emerged as promising non-invasive biomarkers, but their clinical utility remains underexplored.This study aimed to identify breath- and feces-derived VOCs as novel biomarkers for IBD and to establish artificial intelligence (AI)-based predictive models for non-invasive diagnosis and disease activity monitoring. The relationship between VOC alterations and gut microbiota dysbiosis was also investigated. A total of 279 participants (131 IBD patients, 148 healthy controls) were enrolled. VOCs from breath and fecal samples were analyzed using gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS). AI-based machine learning models were developed for diagnosis and monitoring. Furthermore, the differences in breath VOCs identified in human cohorts were validated in a DSS-induced colitis mouse model (2% DSS for 7 days). In a subset of 62 individuals, 16S rDNA sequencing characterized gut microbiota composition and its correlation with VOCs. Distinct VOC profiles were identified in IBD. Ethyl sulfide and furfural were elevated in breath samples, while hexanoic acid, pentanoic acid, thiophene, and ethyl acetate were reduced. In fecal samples, dimethyl trisulfide increased, whereas several short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs) and alcohols decreased. The diagnostic model achieved an AUC of 0.92 (sensitivity 96%, specificity 71%), and the monitoring model an AUC of 0.88, both outperforming C-reactive protein and fecal calprotectin. Validation in a DSS-induced colitis model confirmed eight discriminatory VOCs, characterized by depleted SCFA-related VOCs and elevated sulfide VOCs, underscoring their robust correlation with the development and severity of intestinal inflammation. IBD patients showed reduced microbial diversity and depletion of short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria, closely correlated with altered VOC profiles. This study demonstrates that integrating volatomics with AI-based modeling enables accurate, non-invasive diagnosis and monitoring of IBD. The cross-species consistency observed in our human cohorts and DSS-induced colitis mice confirms the reliability of specific VOCs as conserved inflammatory biomarkers. These findings, coupled with VOC-microbiota associations, offer profound mechanistic insights and a promising platform for biomarker-guided precision care. ChiCTR, ChiCTR2300073475. Registered 12 July 2023-Prospectively registered, https://www.chictr.org.cn/bin/project/edit?pid=201603 .

Existing methods for the para-C-H amination of pyridines and quinolines are scarce and rely exclusively on indirect approaches. These typically involve initial installation of an amine surrogate or an aryl phosphine at the para position, followed by subsequent conversion to the amine functionality-a process that suffers from low atom economy and generates substantial waste. Herein, we report a straightforward and environmentally benign method for the direct C4-H amination of azines. This transition-metal-free protocol, employing a base and an activating agent in ethyl acetate, enables mild and efficient C4-H amination of a wide range of 2-substituted pyridines and quinolines. Furthermore, we demonstrate that regioselectivity is strongly influenced by both substrate structure and solvent, and provide practical guidelines for optimal substrate selection.

Development and validation of a robust UPLC-MS/MS method for the analysis of polyamines in cells, biofluids and tissues.

Case series involving the synthetic cathinones alpha-PHP, alpha-PiHP, MDPHP, and MDPiHP in forensic investigations.

Antimicrobial evaluation of ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts of rare actinomycetes from olive orchard soils of Rudbar County

Evaluation of probiotic properties of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strain GXMU-G1 against Vibrio parahaemolyticus and isolation and purification of its bacteriocin.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is a chronic metabolic disease that severely affects human health. Quzhou Fructus Aurantii ethyl acetate extract (QFAEE) is a mixture rich in diverse natural flavonoids that exhibits multiple pharmacological properties, including significant anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. However, the anti-MASH effects of QFAEE and the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of QFAEE on MASH and the related mechanisms. The therapeutic effects of QFAEE on hepatic steatosis, inflammatory responses, oxidative stress and apoptotic activity were systematically evaluated in both in vivo and in vitro models of metabolic stress. QFAEE administration significantly reduced hepatic lipid accumulation, inflammatory cell infiltration and liver injury in HFHC diet-fed mice. Combined RNA sequencing and network pharmacology analyses revealed that QFAEE exerted its anti-MASH effects through modulation of the PPAR signaling pathway. QFAEE ameliorated MASH by activating PPARα and subsequently upregulating CPT1A, which promoted mitochondrial and peroxisomal β-oxidation. Notably, PPARα inhibition promoted hepatic lipid accumulation, inflammation and oxidative stress in hepatocytes, all of which were significantly attenuated by QFAEE treatment. These findings suggest that QFAEE prevents metabolic stress-induced MASH progression by activating PPARα signaling.

Protective effects of the ethyl acetate fraction from Madeng'ai on lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in mice: Insights from integrated multi-omics analysis.

Diterpenoids with potential anti-inflammatory activity from the aerial parts of Nepeta glutinosa.

Gymnetipregosides A-G, C21 steroidal glycosides from Gymnema tingens and their glucose uptake bioactivities.

Buffer-dependent variations in alginate oligosaccharide production and their biofunctional properties in colonic fermentation.

Unveiling the bioactive potential and chemical profiling of Oenothera glazioviana extracts: chromatographic, spectrophotometric, and in silico approaches.