Purpose This study examines the entrepreneurial experiences of displaced women in Ethiopia through an intersectional lens, analysing how gender, displacement, religion and socio-economic status shape their agency and constraints. Design/methodology/approach The study adopts a qualitative research design, employing in-depth interviews with displaced women entrepreneurs. Thematic analysis was used to explore how intersecting identities influence their entrepreneurial trajectories. Findings Findings reveal that displaced women entrepreneurs navigate overlapping layers of disadvantage – including patriarchal norms, economic precarity and religious expectations – while also exercising agency within these constraints. Many women reinterpret religious and cultural norms as enablers rather than barriers to entrepreneurship, demonstrating a nuanced negotiation of empowerment. Additionally, systemic barriers such as legal illiteracy, financial exclusion and ethnic discrimination exacerbate their economic vulnerability, necessitating tailored policy interventions. This study identifies the importance of context-specific support mechanisms that acknowledge the paradox of entrepreneurship as both an opportunity and a mechanism reinforcement of pre-existing inequalities. Research limitations/implications While this study provides valuable insights, its findings are context-specific and may not be generalisable to all displaced women entrepreneurs. Future research should explore diverse displacement contexts and examine how intersectionality interacts with broader political and economic structures. Policymakers and practitioners should prioritise gender-responsive, culturally sensitive entrepreneurial programs that recognise displaced women's unique challenges and aspirations. Originality/value This study contributes to intersectionality and entrepreneurship scholarship by extending theoretical frameworks to displacement contexts, illustrating how simultaneity, complexity, irreducibility and inclusivity manifest in displaced women's entrepreneurial experiences. It challenges binary understandings of empowerment and oppression, emphasising how women construct entrepreneurial agency within structural limitations.

Empirical and theoretical studies suggest that access to Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) goes beyond supporting development objectives and plays a significant role in enhancing subjective well-being. However, the existing literature has largely concentrated on developed economies or specific population groups, leaving limited evidence on how ICTs affect men’s well-being in fragile and low-income settings. This study seeks to fill this gap by examining the relationship between ICT access and subjective well-being among men in the Democratic Republic of Congo, a context characterized by structural constraints, socio-economic vulnerability, and persistent inequalities. Using a representative sample of 6,161 men drawn from the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS-Palu 2018), logistic regression models are employed to assess the associations between ICT access and self-reported life satisfaction and happiness. The results indicate that ICT access positively influences men’s subjective well-being, with heterogeneous effects across technologies: computer use consistently improves life satisfaction, while Internet access alone shows weaker and occasionally ambiguous effects. Moreover, health status, social integration, and protection against ethnic discrimination emerge as critical determinants of well-being, suggesting that the impact of ICTs is shaped by broader socio-economic and psychosocial conditions. These findings highlight the importance of policies promoting digital inclusion, computer literacy, and productive ICT use, alongside efforts to strengthen health systems and social cohesion. By providing gender-disaggregated evidence from the Congolese context, this study contributes to the literature on ICTs and subjective well-being and offers policy-relevant insights for improving men’s quality of life through technology.

International medical graduates (IMGs) and Puerto Rican medical graduates (PRMGs) are integral to the United States (U.S.) physician workforce yet face unique immigration-related and professional challenges. We conducted a study to investigate reasons for migration, perceived barriers, discrimination, satisfaction, and factors influencing IMGs' and PRMGs' decisions to remain in the U.S. versus return to their home countries. We conducted a cross-sectional, online survey of foreign-born physicians who obtained their medical degrees outside the continental United States and were currently training or practicing in the U.S. The survey captured demographic and professional characteristics, migration history, cultural adaptation, discrimination, and overall professional experiences. Descriptive statistics summarized responses. Among physicians who completed training and were practicing independently in the U.S., we compared overall experience ratings and discrimination-related distress between the training and independent practice phases using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test and McNemar's test. Of 352 respondents, most were IMGs (82.1%) and 16.8% were PRMGs. Nearly half reported racial and/or ethnic discrimination (49.6%) and language discrimination (37.8%) during training. In paired analyses among those currently in independent practice, overall experience ratings shifted from the training to independent practice phase, with "excellent" ratings more common during training than independent practice. Among participants who experienced language discrimination in both phases, distress levels decreased over time. Despite high rates of discrimination and pressure to assimilate, most participants reported excellent (63.6%) or good (52.9%) overall experiences during training and practice, respectively. Only 9.3% had returned to their home country, most of whom reported extreme happiness after returning. High rates of racial, ethnic, gender, and language discrimination, along with pressures to assimilate, characterize IMGs' and PRMGs' journeys in the U.S. healthcare system. Nevertheless, most report high professional satisfaction. Interventions are needed to address discrimination, support cultural identity, and promote sustainable careers for this essential segment of the U.S. workforce.

<p class="ql-align-justify">This article examines the challenges and progress in achieving more equal access and a gradual move toward the universalization of Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) services in Spain, with a focus on the First Cycle (Primer Ciclo) of <em>Educación Infantil</em>, which targets children aged 0–3. Quality interventions at this stage are crucial for holistic child development, promoting gender equality, and addressing the ongoing care crisis. To this end, recent developments in ECEC policy are reviewed and analyzed, highlighting the role of early education in mitigating social inequalities and the gradual expansion of publicly funded care services. Despite notable advances, significant disparities persist, especially among large families, single-parent households (predominantly headed by women), and groups facing economic vulnerability, migration-related barriers, or ethnic discrimination. These gaps reflect deeper structural gender inequalities rooted in the sexual division of reproductive labor and the unequal distribution of care responsibilities. Building on this, the article advocates for comprehensive public policies aimed at universalizing access, improving service quality, and promoting decent employment in the care sector. The establishment of Spain’s first National Care Strategy in 2022 marks a significant step toward cross-sector collaboration and a feminist transformation of care policy, articulated around the 5Rs of care (Recognize, Reduce, Redistribute, Reward, Represent) and aimed at advancing the defamilialization and defeminization of care provision through greater state involvement. Ultimately, the article calls for sustained political commitment to expanding equitable and high-quality ECEC as a social right and a pillar of social justice and the welfare state.</p>

Despite increasing rates of suicidal thoughts and behavior among Latinx populations in the US, no prior research has examined Latinx youth and caregiver disagreement (discordance) in youth-reported thoughts of death or suicidal thoughts, as well as factors associated with discordance. Data were derived from youth aged 13-17 (M = 14.99 [SD = 1.52]) and caregivers (n = 127 dyads) who identified as Latinx/Hispanic living in a US Midwest city. The youth sample was mostly (61.7%) assigned female at birth; all youth identified as cisgender. Youth thoughts of death and suicidal thoughts were indexed with the Mood and Feelings Questionnaire. Predictors of discordance included demographics (e.g., age), youth psychopathology (e.g., internalizing and externalizing symptoms), caregiver anxiety, interpersonal factors (e.g., family conflict), and ethnic discrimination, identity, and socialization. Percent agreement and Cohen's Kappa were used to describe discordance. Univariable logistic regression was used to examine predictors of discordance calculated in two ways: (1) youth endorsement/caregiver denial, and (2) youth denial/caregiver endorsement. Among the final analytic sample of 120 dyads, agreement between caregiver and youth was minimal or weak (κ = 0.24-0.43). Caregiver and youth denial discordance were associated with nearly every predictor domain. For example, greater ethnic socialization was associated with reduced odds of caregiver denial discordance (odds ratio = 0.93, 95% confidence interval = 0.87-0.99). Discordance between reporters may be crucial for clinical conceptualization. Future research is needed to examine complex longitudinal pathways between family support, ethnic experience and discrimination, and suicidal thoughts discordance among Latinx families.

In popular uses of ‘culture’, the term often refers to sets of artistic accomplishments or pleasant manners. In anthropology, however, ‘culture’ means something much broader and its use includes all the socially shared components of human thought, feeling, and behaviour. This comprehensive notion of culture has been with the discipline right from its start, and for many practitioners, it has defined its subject matter. Since the 1990s, however, culture's continued usefulness has been questioned: critics fear that studying culture encourages overly rigid and exaggerated understandings of human difference. This entry reviews the history of and controversy about culture in anthropology and then turns to what we know about the social sharing of thought and behaviour. It starts by showing that some animals have culture too, although human reliance on culture is far more extensive, includes cumulative achievements, and also affects human genes. The entry then discusses whether the scope of culture is shrinking in global modernity, illustrates that culture is not exclusively ideational, and makes the case for seeing culture less as a straightjacket and more as a toolbox, one that can be studied systematically. Popular usage of ‘culture’ as a term or concept often comes with misconceptions, such as the idea that cultures are clearly bounded and static entities. While this troublingly lends itself to ethnic and nationalist discrimination, other public uses such as in the rise of cultural heritage have a benign side too. Confusion between the everyday and the elitist notions of culture continues to be widespread in public discourse. In anthropology, no broadly supported alternative to the concept has emerged yet, and as an empirical phenomenon, culture (however labelled) continues to be central to the discipline.

ABSTRACT This study examines gender horizontal segregation in the Dutch labour market, focusing on the professional experiences of Latin American women in male-dominated sectors. The research identifies and analyses the structural factors and obstacles associated with their participation in these fields. Utilizing a qualitative approach, the study incorporates 19 interviews with Latin American women employed in underrepresented sectors and 8 among experts and academics from Dutch universities and research centers. The findings indicate that dynamics of gender, ethnic, and institutional discrimination influence the Dutch labour market's access, permanence and composition. Applying an intersectional framework—incorporating ethnicity, gender, class, and migrant status—the research explores how these variables correlate with specific employment outcomes for the group of Latin American workers. The analysis suggests that the convergence of these factors contributes to patterns of unemployment, underemployment, and deprofessionalization among them. This study contributes to the literature on gendered and migrant labour in the Netherlands by exploring the structural mechanisms that influence occupational segregation.

This study examines the ontological security of the individuals in relation to the realization of human rights and analyzes the impact of violations of rights on individuals’ perceptions of ontological security. After outlining the historical and conceptual foundations of security, the study explores how ontological security is constructed at both the individual and societal levels. Focusing on the relationship between ontological security and human rights, the research demonstrates that access to fundamental rights and freedoms plays a decisive role in individuals’ psychological and social security. In this context, the study emphasizes that feeling secure is not limited to protection from physical threats, but must also be supported by social, economic, and legal guarantees. The findings reveal that modern security policies particularly in the areas of counterterrorism, refugee policies, ethnic and religious discrimination, and global pandemics can undermine individuals’ senses of identity and belonging, thereby producing conditions of ontological insecurity. Ultimately, the study highlights the crucial role of human rights based security policies in protecting individuals’ ontological security and fostering social stability and peace.

ABSTRACT This article examines the ways in which gender, motherhood, and ethnicity shape the lived experiences of South and Southeast Asian mothers in Hong Kong. Through in-depth interviews with 54 mothers, we examine, what we term, ‘dialectical social imaginaries’ to understand how these mothers imagine their social surroundings and navigate challenges in this multicultural city, where traditional and progressive gender expectations coexist alongside ethnic diversity and discrimination. ‘Dialectical social imaginaries’ capture how individuals envision living together and interacting with different cultures, highlighting the tensions between following established norms and striving for change. The findings identify three types of ‘dialectical social imaginaries’, which are dialectical in that they swing between conformance to gender norms and transformation, between silence and resistance, and between distancing and belonging. Analyzing the reproductive and creative dimensions of these social imaginaries reveals diverse and often opposing forces of gendered expectations and cultures, demonstrating how socio-cultural forces facilitate and/or restrict individuals’ experiences of migration. This study contributes new insights to gender and migration studies by providing an analysis of the dialectic between social reproduction and transformation, and that of self/other entanglements. It highlights the conceptual utility of ‘dialectical social imaginaries’ for future sociological understandings of gender, migration, and culture.

The Longitudinal Association Between Experiences of Racial and Ethnic Discrimination and Mental Health Outcomes Among Latine Adolescents in an Agricultural Community.

ABSTRACT The profound inequality that characterizes Mexico City interconnects in this article with the development of food criticism on Instagram. Therefore, this research explores the implications of socioeconomic, urban, and ethnic inequality on the representation of the gastronomic scene in Mexico City by Instagram content creators. Based on content analysis of Instagram food reviews, in-depth interviews with content creators, and spatial analysis, this article proposes that the context of deep inequality inherent to Mexico City and its metropolitan area is clearly and inevitably reflected in the Instagram representation of Mexico City’s culinary offerings. Furthermore, this digital representation is explained through a process of personification and amplification of inequalities. Thus, the attributes, perspectives, and personal experiences of the foodies themselves are integrated into an environment of significant socioeconomic disparities, urban segregation, and ethnic discrimination. This shapes their representation of the culinary landscape in the Mexican capital, as digital dynamics intensify existing inequality.

Although numerous studies corroborated that perceived discrimination is a developmental risk factor for students from minoritized ethnic groups, less is known about conditions contributing to feelings of ethnic discrimination of adolescents, particularly in contexts outside the U.S. Based on a nationwide dataset, we investigate conditions of perceived discrimination among students from minoritized ethnic groups in Germany. We distinguish several minoritized ethnic groups, examine a variety of individual, family-related, and school-related factors, and focus on two types of discrimination (i.e., perceived personal and group discrimination). Using multilevel structural equation models with data from 4087 ninth graders from minoritized ethnic groups, we found that students with backgrounds from Turkey or an Arabic-speaking country reported more discrimination than their counterparts. In contrast, girls, students with a stronger national identity, students with higher grades, and students with more coethnic peers in their classroom reported lower levels of discrimination than their counterparts. The family's socioeconomic status and sociocultural background as well as the classroom's proportion of minoritized students, its ethnic diversity, and the attended school track were largely unrelated to students' perceived personal and group discrimination. Overall, our findings suggest that conditions at different levels shape perceptions of discrimination of minoritized ethnic groups in Germany.

ABSTRACT Objectives Ethnic and racial discrimination stress is a key social determinant of sleep health, yet its day-to-day influence on Mexican-origin adolescents remains underexplored. This study focused on Mexican-origin adolescents and examined the negative effects of daily ethnic and racial discrimination stress on sleep. Method The analytic sample included 256 Mexican-origin adolescents (48.8% female, 49.7% male, 1.56% non-binary; mean age = 13.50; SD = 1.11; range = 12–16 years old) residing in a suburban area in the United States Midwest. Using multi-level models that disentangle between- and within-person effects, this study assessed daily ethnic and racial discrimination stress and self-reported same-night sleep using a 21-day daily report method. Daily sleep indicators included nighttime duration, onset latency, and quality. Results On days when adolescents reported higher levels of discrimination stress, they also reported longer sleep onset latency. At the between-person level, youth who reported higher levels of discrimination stress reported poorer sleep quality. Possible reciprocal dynamics between stress and sleep were tested. Results showed that at the within-person level, sleep behaviors were not associated with next-day racial discrimination. At the between-person level, adolescents who reported higher sleep quality or longer sleep duration the prior night also reported lower levels of next-day discrimination, suggesting that sleep disturbances may be associated with stress experiences. Conclusion This study highlights the importance of targeted support for Mexican-origin adolescents’ sleep health especially on days when they experience ethnic and racial discrimination.

This article examines the persistence of structural racism and the process of ethno-stratification affecting immigrants from the Global South in Spain. Drawing on national survey data and recent research, it analyses the socio-economic incorporation of immigrants in the aftermath of the Great Recession and subsequent economic recovery, emphasising both their rootedness in Spanish society and their continued segregation. The findings indicate that immigrants remain disproportionately concentrated in low-wage and temporary employment, positioned beneath the native-born precariat and distant from average living standards. This persistent segmentation cannot be explained solely by immigrants’ qualifications or cultural adaptation, but rather by an interplay of structural, institutional, social, and ethnic factors. At the core lies the Spanish “Mediterranean” development model, characterised by a low-productivity economy dependent on cheap labour, a limited welfare state, and strong family-based social protection, which together generate continuous demand for flexible immigrant workers. Additional drivers include migration and labour policies, gendered labour segmentation, and ethnic discrimination, all reinforcing immigrants’ vulnerability. The article concludes that immigrant labour has become essential to Spain’s economic and demographic model, yet its enduring segregation underscores the need for renewed public policies that promote social cohesion and intercultural integration.

ABSTRACT Racial and ethnic discrimination represents a structural cause of payment disparities across groups. However, most studies focus on Western contexts and may overlook the distinctive sociohistorical dynamics that shape discriminatory behaviors. In Malaysia, where racial and ethnic relations have been influenced by a distinct colonial legacy and multicultural social fabric, landlords’ discriminatory practices have manifested differently. This study reveals two novel mechanisms explaining racial and ethnic rent disparities in the Malaysian rental housing market: (i) taste-based discrimination, where landlords offer lower rents to tenants of the same race and ethnicity, and (ii) statistical discrimination, evidenced by Chinese tenants paying higher rents than tenants of other races and ethnicities, regardless of a landlord’s race and ethnicity. These results highlight the need for greater policy attention to racial and ethnic disparities in the rental housing market and to the broader socio-economic inequalities that underpin them. By examining Malaysia’s unique context, this study contributes to a more nuanced understanding of racial and ethnic rent disparities and provides valuable insights to inform more inclusive and equitable housing policies.

ABSTRACT Understanding patterns of adolescent political participation is essential for healthy democracies. Drawing upon data from Greek youth (n = 589, M age = 15.1), this study (1) identified distinct profiles of adolescent political participation, (2) examined predictors of profile membership, and (3) explored transitions between profiles across a one-year period. Latent profile analyses uncovered three profiles that differentiated between their level of participation in both latent and manifest forms: ‘informed enthusiasts’ (90.3%), ‘activists’ (7.4%), and ‘involved conventionalists’ (2.2%). Political efficacy, national identity processes, political alienation, and perceived ethnic discrimination were predictive of profile membership. Our exploratory analysis revealed stable profile membership across one year. Our findings highlight the multifaceted nature of youth political participation and underscore the need to broaden its understanding in research and policy.

Road to division: Ethnic favoritism and road infrastructure in Ethiopia

Women’s entrepreneurship is widely recognized as a critical driver of inclusive economic growth, poverty reduction, and employment creation, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. Despite increased policy attention and institutional support, women entrepreneurs in Kenya continue to face persistent structural, social, and individual barriers that affect the sustainability of their businesses. This study examines the barriers influencing business success among women business leaders in Kenya, with success operationalized as the number of years a woman’s most successful business has been in operation. Using survey data collected from 52 women business leaders, the study analyzes nine commonly cited barriers: start-up costs, access to financing, market knowledge, employment commitments, family responsibilities, regulatory barriers, social capital, marital support, and ethnic discrimination. Quantitative analyses were conducted using descriptive statistics, multiple regression with ANOVA, bivariate regression, and discriminant analysis. The findings indicate that while financial and regulatory barriers are perceived as significant obstacles at a descriptive level, they do not consistently predict business longevity when examined alongside other factors. Instead, market knowledge and employment commitments emerge as the most robust predictors of sustained business operation. Women who report better understanding of markets and fewer conflicts between employment and entrepreneurial activities tend to operate businesses for longer periods. Discriminant analysis further demonstrates that the combined barrier profile meaningfully distinguishes women whose businesses have achieved at least moderate longevity from those whose ventures are nascent or absent. The study contributes empirical evidence highlighting the importance of informational and time-related constraints in shaping women’s entrepreneurial outcomes in Kenya. The findings suggest that policy and programmatic interventions should complement financial support with targeted efforts to strengthen market intelligence, business development skills, and flexible work arrangements to enhance the long-term sustainability of women-owned enterprises.

Soe Tjen Marching’s Dari Dalam Kubur portrays the experiences of survivors of the 1965 tragedy and the ethnic discrimination faced by Chinese Indonesians. Focusing on trauma and memory, this study examines how the novel represents survivors’ collective memory and state-driven discrimination through the lens of Lucien Goldmann’s genetic structuralism. Using qualitative textual analysis, the study reveals a persistent tension between remembering and forgetting, reflecting the enforced silence imposed on survivors. Discrimination against Chinese Indonesians is depicted as systematic oppression reinforced through social and institutional segregation. The findings demonstrate how literary narratives function as sites of collective memory by establishing homological relationships between textual structures and socio-historical realities. The study concludes that Dari Dalam Kubur articulates a collective worldview in which memory operates as a form of resistance and identity functions as a source of dignity.

This study investigates how studying in Korea and learning the Korean language shape the social, economic, and identity-related experiences of three international students from Mongolia, Russia, and Myanmar. Narrative analysis reveals that their language learning functions not merely as the acquisition of linguistic skills but as a strategic investment to overcome structural constraints and to envision more secure and promising futures. Their decisions to study in Korea stemmed from limited economic opportunities (Mongolia), ethnic discrimination (Russia), and political instability (Myanmar). Throughout their learning processes, the students reconstructed and negotiated new professional and social identities, aspiring to become members of Korean or global professional communities. To achieve this, they sought to continue developing Korean proficiency and expand relevant social capital. These findings highlight the sociopolitical contexts of language learning that traditional integrative and instrumental motivation theories fail to fully explain. Ultimately, Korean language learning emerges as an active practice of identity reconfiguration and future planning. The study argues for an expanded model of Korean language education―one that supports learners’ identity development and career trajectories, particularly in light of the increasing number of students from New Northern and New Southern regions.