Ethical Context Research Articles

Інноваціонно-екологічні аспекти розвитку вітчизняного підприємництва

The aim of the article is to provide a theoretical substantiation of the formation of innovative and ecological aspects of the development of domestic entrepreneurship in conditions of turbulence. The main motives for the introduction of ecological innovations at domestic enterprises are considered, the possibility of creating a new management system on the basis of innovation policy and synergetic space is considered. The ways and mechanisms of increasing innovation and ecological activities are described and methods of implementation are proposed. It is analyzed that the improvement of the innovation management system and the development of the internal business environment involves changes in the sphere of planning, employment of the population of the region, promotion of products, interaction of the authorities, domestic entrepreneurship, as well as knowledge management. Innovations in the field of business management will provide a long-term competitive advantage to specific areas and contribute to their development, taking into account and combining scientific and technological solutions with administration and innovation management. Particular attention is paid to domestic enterprises in the ecological aspect – for the implementation of innovative and ecological activities, business strategies and the search for a balance between profit, ecological protection and social justice. On the basis of the carried out analysis of the ecological aspects of innovation activity, important characteristics of innovative development of domestic enterprises have been allocated and an understanding of this economic category has been provided. Based on the results of the analysis of scientific papers, the main directions of innovative development of enterprise are determined, as well as the main motivational principles in this area are considered. Today, in order to overcome the innovation and ecological crisis, it is important to develop and implement ecologically friendly and cost-effective innovations. Ecological innovations, like other types of innovation, are aimed at making a profit and reducing costs, but their specificity is manifested in social, cultural and ethical contexts.

Impact of repeated two-syllable brand names on consumer ethical responses in different moral contexts: A mind perception theory perspective

Impact of repeated two-syllable brand names on consumer ethical responses in different moral contexts: A mind perception theory perspective

Applications to augment patient care for Internal Medicine specialists: a position paper from the EFIM working group on telemedicine, innovative technologies & digital health.

Telemedicine applications present virtually limitless prospects for innovating and enhancing established and new models of patient care in the field of Internal Medicine. Although there is a wide range of innovative technological solutions in Europe, there are overarching elements associated with such technologies when applied to the practices of Internal Medicine specialists. The European Federation of Internal Medicine (EFIM) strongly advocates for active leadership and influence from the Internal Medicine societies and specialist physicians across Europe in the development and application of telemedicine and digital technologies in healthcare. This position paper's conclusions were drawn via Delphi method, which was developed collaboratively from July 2021 to December 2023. The panel, consisting of experts in clinical medicine, public health, health economics and statistics, assessed various aspects related to telemedicine. Participants assigned scores on a Likert scale reflecting perceived value and potential risks. The findings were consolidated in a comprehensive checklist aligning with relevant literature and a SWOT analysis. Specifically, key issues that need to be addressed include promoting the professional development of e-health competencies in the healthcare and medical workforce, using educational campaigns to promote digital literacy among patients and caregivers, designing and implementing telemedicine applications tailored to local conditions and needs and considering the ethical and legal contexts under which these applications are employed. Importantly, there is currently no consensus on care models or standardized protocols among European Internal Medicine specialists regarding the utilization of telemedicine. This position paper aims to outline the opportunities and challenges associated with the application of telemedicine in Internal Medical practice in Europe.

Ethical Considerations in Pediatric Surgery.

Pediatric surgeons need to learn to give as much importance to the ethical approach as they have been giving to the systemic methodology in their clinical approach all along. The law of the land and the governmental rules also need to be kept in mind before deciding the final solution. They need to always put medical problems in the background of ethical context, reach a few solutions keeping in mind the available resources, and apply the best solution in the interest of their pediatric patients.

Exploring context for implementation of inclusive education for children with developmental disabilities in mainstream primary schools in Ethiopia.

A large gap in provision of services for children with developmental disabilities (DD) has been identified in Ethiopia, especially in the education system. Including children with disabilities in mainstream schools is encouraged by policies, but progress in this direction has been limited. This study aimed to explore stakeholders' perspectives on contextual factors relevant for inclusive education for children with DD in mainstream schools in Ethiopia, with a focus on Adis Ababa. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 39 local stakeholders, comprising caregivers of children with DD, school teachers and principals/managers, non-governmental organisation representatives, government officials, clinicians and academics/consultants. We used template analysis to code the data and map them onto domains of the Context and Setting dimensions of the Context and Implementation of Complex Interventions framework. Stakeholders discussed frameworks in the Legal and Ethical context endorsing the right of all children to education. However, they reported multiple reasons why children with DD in Ethiopia have limited access to education, either in special or mainstream schools. First, individual features, such as gender and support needs, discussed in the Epidemiological context, may affect the likelihood of a child with DD to be accepted in school. Transportation challenges are a key barrier in the Geographical context. Socio-economic and Socio-cultural contexts present barriers at the levels of the nation, school and family, mostly related to limited services and material and financial resources and limited awareness of DD. Stakeholders believe the currently limited but growing commitment in the Political context can support progress towards the removal of these barriers. Our findings can form the basis for development of an implementation plan that addresses such barriers and capitalises on existing facilitators.

The Effects of Social Distance and Gender on Moral Decisions and Judgments

Abstract: In morality, social distance should influence judgments and decisions. Singer et al.’s (2019) Everyday Moral Conflict Situations scale was created to assess altruistic versus egoistic choices in everyday moral contexts depending on social distance manipulated at the item level. Via a reanalysis of their data, we found an unreported interaction effect between social distance and gender on behavioral choices. We conducted a conceptual replication (Part 1) and extended previous research by empirically assessing the link between altruism and morality (Part 2). This pre-registered study ( N = 299) confirmed the gender-by-social distance interaction, with a stronger social distance effect for males and for egoistic behaviors. Furthermore, behavioral choices were linked to moral judgments of wrongness. Limitations and future directions are discussed.

Fostering workplace civility in the Financial Sector: The influence of ethical leadership practices and ethical work climate

The research investigates ethical work climate as a mediator in the nexus between ethical leadership practice and workplace civility among employees of financial institutions in Ghana. Convenience sampling was adopted to obtain responses from 432 respondents from April to October 2022 using a self-reported questionnaire. The data gathered was analyzed using a partial least squares structural equation model. The findings of the study indicate that ethical leadership positively influences workplace civility and the ethical work climate. Additionally, the ethical work climate influences workplace civility and further mediates the association between ethical leadership and workplace civility. It is recommended that financial institutions work to create an ethical work climate where leaders can exhibit appropriate ethical leadership traits to enhance civility at the workplace. This study is a valuable contribution to the existing body of ethical literature since it fills a gap by examining interactions that have not been previously investigated within the ethical literature context.

Improving Large Language Model (LLM) fidelity through context-aware grounding: A systematic approach to reliability and veracity

As Large Language Models (LLMs) become increasingly sophisticated and ubiquitous in natural language processing (NLP) applications, ensuring their robustness, trustworthiness, and alignment with human values has become a critical challenge. This paper presents a novel framework for contextual grounding in textual models, with a particular emphasis on the Context Representation stage. Our approach aims to enhance the reliability and ethical alignment of these models through a comprehensive, context-aware methodology. By explicitly capturing and representing relevant situational, cultural, and ethical contexts in a machine-readable format, we lay the foundation for anchoring a model's behavior within these contexts. Our approach leverages techniques from knowledge representation and reasoning, such as ontologies, semantic web technologies, and logic-based formalisms. We evaluate our framework on real-world textual datasets, demonstrating its effectiveness in improving model performance, fairness, and alignment with human expectations, while maintaining high accuracy. Furthermore, we discuss the other key components of the framework, including context-aware encoding, context-aware learning, interpretability and explainability, and continuous monitoring and adaptation. This research contributes to the growing body of work on responsible AI, offering a practical approach to developing more reliable, trustworthy, and ethically-aligned language models. Our findings have significant implications for the deployment of LLMs in sensitive domains such as healthcare, legal systems, and social services, where contextual understanding is paramount.

Analyze the Importance of Animal Mental Health - Take Captive Animals as an Example

Animals, like humans, can also experience mental health problems, a viewpoint that has been previously overlooked or denied. In the context of societal development, there is a growing trend of keeping animals in captivity for various reasons. However, regrettably, there have been minimal efforts made towards enhancing the mental well-being of these captive animals. This essay aims to comprehensively explore the significance of animal mental health and its profound impact on both animal welfare and different aspects of human society. Furthermore, it provides compelling scientific justifications for prioritizing the promotion of animal mental health, with a specific focus on the detrimental effects of captivity on their psychological well-being. The essay also emphasizes the crucial role of animal mental health in fostering harmonious coexistence between humans and animals, promoting environmental conservation, and driving social progress. By shedding light on these interconnected domains, this essay aims to contribute to a more holistic understanding of the importance of animal mental health and advocate for its prioritization in various societal, ethical, and scientific contexts.

The Visual Afterlife of les gueules cassées: Artistic rRception from the Interbellum to documenta 13

The article discusses the representation of facial and bodily deformation as both a subject and an expressive means in diverse artistic media throughout the twentieth century until today. First, it wishes to provide a bibliographical overview of the recent research that delves into the problem from diverse methodologies. Second, it aims at tracing a timeline of how the imagery of ‘broken faces’, sometimes not directly related to the gueules cassées, yet persistent and recognisable, changed its use as a trope in the hands of modern and contemporary artists. Their works bear similarities in the dramatic accent on the deformation and decomposition of the body used to narrate collective trauma and a sense of confusion. Finally, the essay wishes to illustrate the complexity of this type of representation by contextualising some artworks within social and ethical contexts.

Developing a Policy for Healthy Schools Food: A Plan of Action

Background and Objectives: Childhood obesity is a pressing global health concern, particularly in low- and middle-income countries like Palestine. This study aims to address the prevalence of childhood obesity in Palestine and its association with the school food environment. The objective is to propose and advocate for the implementation of a "healthy schools' food policy" to promote the consumption of nutritious food while prohibiting the sale of unhealthy items. Methods: A comprehensive analysis of the sociocultural, economic, political, ethical, and legal contexts surrounding childhood obesity in Palestine was conducted. This included a review of existing studies, stakeholder analyses, and an evaluation of policy alternatives. A legislative strategy was developed to guide the implementation of the proposed policy. Results: The study identified the widespread prevalence of childhood obesity in Palestine, with contributing factors rooted in sociocultural, economic, and political contexts. The analysis of policy alternatives revealed that establishing and enforcing a written protocol for "Food and Beverage Services" in schools emerged as the most effective option. This policy approach received the highest score in terms of effectiveness, access and fairness, cost-effectiveness, and administrative and political feasibility. Conclusion: The findings highlight the urgent need for policy interventions to address childhood obesity in Palestine. The proposed "healthy schools' food policy" offers a promising avenue to promote nutritious food consumption while curbing the availability of unhealthy options. Collaborative efforts involving stakeholders, including schools, the Ministry of Education, healthcare professionals, parents, and the community, are crucial for successful policy implementation. Regular evaluations and community feedback will be essential to monitor the policy's impact and make necessary adjustments. This study underscores the significance of prioritizing children's health within the broader context of societal well-being.

A case study on finding grounds for how to know and understand, how to act on that (partial) knowledge, but also on paradoxes involved and obstructions posed: The complexities of sexual harassment complaints from 2021 until 2023 at an arts academy

In this article, I am exploring the complexities and paradoxes of institutional processes in Academia that have been put in place in order to deal with (sexual) harassment complaints within the context of feminist epistemologies and relational ethics. The goal to repair institutional culture burdened with various forms of implicit and explicit abuse and emotional manipulation, but also reliant on particularly emotionally dense ways of relating amongst students and teachers at an Arts Academy appears to be rather less straightforward than one might have hoped.

Sanatan Economics: An Eternal Economic Order

Abstract Subject and purpose of work This short paper deals with Sanatan Economics and explains its importance and why Sanatan Economics should be studied. Materials and methods The work is based on the principles of Sanatan Dharma. The content is based on the Sanatan Scriptures, available literature, and the authors’ understanding of Sanatan Economics. Results Sanatan economics (in a narrow sense, it may be called Hindu Economics) deals with ethical principles, self-sufficiency, balanced economic growth, and responsible use of resources while considering the broader societal and moral context of economic activities. It should be used for the betterment of human life and positive societal change in terms of economic order, because sustainability, balanced economic growth, value-based economic decisions, vocals for local, self-sufficiency, and moral and ethical decisions are the needs of the present economic order. Conclusions The study of Sanatan Economics enlightens the path for the betterment of societal economic change.

Discourse on Unequal Power Relations in Knowledge Sharing Transactions at Selected Township Schools in Nkangala Education District

Abstract Sustainable Development Goal No 4 (SDG4) resonates with all education systems of the world. It has resulted in education policies being created and promulgated with sustainability and development in mind. In the context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR), sustainability speaks to the need for schooling systems to operate as a knowledge society and to maximally exploit the abundance of knowledge assets that exist in their ecologies. This implies that they must adopt knowledge management (KM) to take advantage of the 4IR era aligned technological innovations, instructional practices and administrative standards. In light of the view that, of all KM processes, knowledge sharing reigns supreme and gives rise to the generation of new organisational knowledge as well as the innovation of existing organisational knowledge; the study adopted a qualitative approach embedded in an interpretivist paradigm to explore the perceptions of teaching and support staff- specifically six teachers and four administrative clerks (altogether ten participants) - of factors contributing to unequal power relations in knowledge sharing practices at two selected schools in Nkangala Education District, Mpumalanga Province (South Africa). The study found that poor leadership practices contributed to unhealthy professional interactions, knowledge hoarding, contravention of contextual ethics (of Ubuntu), trust deficit, top-down communication and workplace bullying.

Suggestion for Determining Treatment Strategies in Dental Ethics

Contemporary medicine views health as the individual’s physical, mental, and social well-being. Oral health plays a crucial role in one’s well-being, as the oral cavity and its surrounding regions execute essential functions in verbal and nonverbal communication, sensing, digestion, and significantly contribute to aesthetic appearance. The multifaceted nature of the notion of oral health, as well as the patient’s needs and autonomous will result in various treatment options for the same oral state, favouring often contrasting ethical values and different aspects of oral health. The objective of this article is to suggest alternative treatment strategies in dentistry with respect to the following factors: extent of rehabilitation, preserving one’s anatomical structures, aesthetic outcome, number of sessions, patient autonomy. Additionally, this article describes the suggested treatment strategies in an ethical context and determines the conditions of their employment. The suggested treatment strategies are divided in two categories, extensive treatment strategies focusing on the patient’s entire craniofacial complex, while specific treatment strategies focus on specific paramount issues.

인공지능 예측시스템이 민간경비에 미치는 영향분석과 입법적 대응방안

This study analyzes the impact of prediction systems, a rapidly developing artificial intelligence technology, on the private security sector and suggests legislative responses. First, this study provides an overview of the formation process of AI prediction systems. This includes technical aspects such as machine learning, data processing, and algorithm development, as well as social and ethical contexts. Second, it analyzes the main characteristics of AI predictive systems and their application in the private security sector based on their effectiveness. In the process, the accuracy, speed, and level of automation of the system are discussed. Third, the positive and negative impacts of AI predictive systems on private security are assessed. Positive impacts include crime prevention, increased efficiency, and faster response times, while negative impacts include invasion of privacy, liability for errors, and job losses. Finally, based on these impacts, the study explores legislative responses, including clarifying the responsibility of AI prediction systems, strengthening privacy protection, and standardizing technology. This study highlights various issues that will inevitably arise as AI prediction systems are integrated into society and emphasizes the importance of a legal framework to address them. It also forecasts the long-term changes that the introduction of AI in the private security sector will bring, and proposes a legal framework for sustainable and fair technology utilization.

Bus fare evasion of the Santiago de Chile transportation system from a stakeholders perspective

This research presents a paradigmatic case study of fare evasion in the Chilean public transport system. It identifies the perceptions of different stakeholders who interact within this system, raising a series of discourses around the social legitimacy of evasion, a conduct traditionally punished and considered wrong. The methodology consists of the use of 41 semi-structured interviews of public transport system stakeholders, such as users, operators, political authorities, social groups, policemen, and others. A qualitative analyses organizes the data into three dimensions: i) context in which evasion takes place, distinguishing between the historic context, the social context, and the moral context; ii) legitimacy of payment, raising the main arguments from which to defend payment as rightful conduct; and iii) legitimacy of evasion, identifying the perceptions that justify evasion as an acceptable social conduct. The conclusions state evasion is a symptom of a much deeper problem. Socioeconomic inequality in Chile allows us to understand the role of public transport as a social right that grants social inclusion, facilitating equal access to the opportunities society offers.

The Problematics of Being an Ethical Consumer in the Marketplace: Unpacking the Concept of Ethical Consumer Literacy

The United Nations’ 2030 Agenda and Sustainable Development Goals highlight the need to deal with the unprecedented environmental crisis, protect human rights, and promote equality. Therefore, it is timely and important to open a discussion about consumer literacy in relation to the social and environmental aspects of consumption, especially since previous research has emphasized the difficulties involved in being an ethical consumer. This article unpacks the concept of ethical consumer literacy, distinguishes between different levels of ethical consumer literacy, and explains the potential implications for educators and policy makers. Ethical consumer literacy refers to a consumer's ability to consume in a way that will not have a negative social, animal, or environmental impact. The data set includes the consumer diaries of 53 ethically oriented consumers, which were analyzed qualitatively. Four main dimensions linked to the notion of ethical consumer literacy emerged: (1) defining ethical consumer behavior, (2) searching for information, (3) managing information in the ethical consumer context, and (4) engaging in ethical consumer leadership. The authors identify two levels of ethical consumer literacy depending on participants’ skills in these areas: basic and advanced. Instead of placing the responsibility on individual consumers, governments should increase ethical consumer literacy.

Environmental, Social, Governance Performance and Negative Performance Feedback: Firm Moderators in a Cross-country Context

In this study, we have examined two specific research questions. First, whether firms around the world with negative performance feedback would resort to more environmental, social, governance [ESG] performance or otherwise. Second, we examine whether firms’ ESG controversies and stakeholder orientation in a cross-country context, with distinctive legal system and ethical behaviour, would motivate them to undertake more ESG performance in such negative performance feedback conditions. Our primary findings show that negative performance feedback of a firm impacts its ESG performance in a strongly negative manner. Furthermore, we prove that both high stakeholder orientation and high ESG controversies significant negatively moderate firms’ ESG inclinations. This holds true irrespective of country-specific legal system and ethical behaviour contexts.

Application of Situational Action Theory in Japan Using Vignette Survey

This study applied Wikström’s Situational Action Theory (SAT) of crime causation to Japanese people in their 30 s–40 s (N = 320). Participants in an internet survey were presented with three criminogenic scenarios—traffic crime, individualistic white-collar crime, and corporate white-collar crime—and were asked to rate the likelihood of them committing a crime in these scenarios. They were also asked to evaluate their morality, moral context, and degree of temptation in each scenario, as well as their tendency for self-control, interdependent view of self, and independent view of self. The results supported SAT in that the moral context positively and morality negatively predicted the likelihood of committing a crime. However, the results were inconsistent with SAT’s assertion that other variables influenced those with low morality more than those with high morality. Further, the tendency to have an interdependent view of self affected the likelihood of committing a crime in some scenarios. This result indicates that in some situations, some people are more influenced by expectations of their behavior from their surroundings, in addition to their morality. Future empirical studies of SAT are needed to examine the influence of self-control on criminal phenomena using the ability to exercise self-control in certain situations that conform to the concept of self-control advocated by SAT. Morality is also a crucial concept in the SAT. Therefore, future research should examine how the morality of trying to fulfill social role expectations and previously assessed morality influence the likelihood of committing a crime.