Ethical Values Research Articles (Page 1)

The right to privacy is an important value in medical ethics. This study was aimed at determining privacy-related attitudes and awareness of inpatients receiving health services in health institutions and revealing the affecting factors. In this descriptive, cross-sectional study, 194 patients hospitalized in the general surgery department of a university hospital were included. Data were collected using a two-part questionnaire. In the first part of the questionnaire, questions on the participant's descriptive characteristics and their knowledge about the subject were included. The second part included the "Patient Privacy Awareness and Attitude Scale." The mean age of the participants was 47.60±16.47years. Of them, 60.8% were women, 83.0% were knowledgeable about patient privacy and 90.2% had heard of the concept of patient rights. A significant relationship was determined between the participants' awareness of patient privacy, and variables such as age, education level, financial status and knowledge about privacy. In this study, the majority of the participants were knowledgeable of patient privacy. Almost all of them thought that healthcare personnel were careful about patient privacy. While medical interventions were implemented, it was observed that the participants' body privacy-related awareness levels were high. Patients' awareness of privacy is extremely important. Informational privacy is as important as physical privacy. Patients' awareness of privacy is extremely important. Informational privacy is as crucial as physical privacy. Patients' awareness of patient rights and privacy is crucial during the healthcare process. Patient rights are the embodiment of fundamental human rights within the context of the right to health. A heightened patient awareness of their rights is effective in increasing satisfaction with healthcare services. This study is believed to be effective in raising patient awareness of privacy. This study aimed to determine the privacy attitudes and influencing factors of patients in a surgical clinic. Privacy is an important value in medical practice.

This study examines the concept of women's leadership from an Islamic and Catholic perspective and how religious values ​​influence the acceptance and legitimacy of women's leadership in the public sphere. Using a qualitative approach using a desk study method, this study analyzes religious texts, scientific literature, and case studies of the leadership of two Southeast Asian women: Megawati Soekarnoputri in Indonesia and Corazon Aquino in the Philippines. The results show that both Islam and Catholicism have complex histories and interpretations of women's roles in leadership. While conservative and patriarchal readings exist within both traditions, there is also interpretive space that allows women to emerge as leaders. The leadership of Megawati and Aquino demonstrates that women are capable of leading with distinctive styles rooted in values ​​of spirituality, morality, and service. Both demonstrate a non-confrontational yet effective leadership approach, which simultaneously opens up space for reinterpreting women's roles in religion and politics. Thus, women's leadership is not a deviation from religious teachings, but rather part of the socio-religious dynamic that demands inclusivity and equality.

This study examines the concept of women's leadership from an Islamic and Catholic perspective and how religious values ​​influence the acceptance and legitimacy of women's leadership in the public sphere. Using a qualitative approach using a desk study method, this study analyzes religious texts, scientific literature, and case studies of the leadership of two Southeast Asian women: Megawati Soekarnoputri in Indonesia and Corazon Aquino in the Philippines. The results show that both Islam and Catholicism have complex histories and interpretations of women's roles in leadership. While conservative and patriarchal readings exist within both traditions, there is also interpretive space that allows women to emerge as leaders. The leadership of Megawati and Aquino demonstrates that women are capable of leading with distinctive styles rooted in values ​​of spirituality, morality, and service. Both demonstrate a non-confrontational yet effective leadership approach, which simultaneously opens up space for reinterpreting women's roles in religion and politics. Thus, women's leadership is not a deviation from religious teachings, but rather part of the socio-religious dynamic that demands inclusivity and equality.

ABSTRACT This study explores consumer segmentation in the non-food dairy value-added products market, specifically focusing on products like goat milk soaps and lotions. Leveraging psychographic factors – including locavorism, community attachment, health consciousness, societal responsibility, and sustainability values – the study investigates how these dimensions influence consumer behavior within the cosmetic and personal care sectors. Grounded in Self-Concept Theory and a modified application of Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), the research establishes a clear theoretical framework that links psychographic factors to competitive market dynamics. Self-Concept Theory explains how consumers’ self-perception, including their identification with local communities and alignment with ethical and sustainable values, influences their preferences for locally sourced products. The application of TPB focuses primarily on attitudes (e.g. health consciousness, sustainability values) and subjective norms (e.g. societal responsibility, community support), as these components strongly predict consumer intentions and behaviors in this context. Together, these theories elucidate the psychological and behavioral mechanisms that drive consumer segmentation and offer actionable insights for competitive differentiation. Using a survey of 420 participants, the study measures variables tied to psychographic constructs, such as locavorism, community attachment, and sustainability values, as well as their influence on purchase behaviors. Cluster analysis identifies distinct consumer segments, revealing that motivations such as locavorism, health consciousness, and societal responsibility significantly drive demand for ethically produced products. These findings demonstrate how psychographic segmentation not only highlights consumer preferences but also provides local producers with actional insights to differentiate their products effectively in a crowded market. This research provides practical implications for local dairy producers, emphasizing the importance of targeting specific consumer segments through tailored messaging and product strategies that resonate with consumers’ intrinsic values. By aligning products with consumer identities and leveraging insights from psychographic factors, producers can foster stronger customer loyalty and achieve sustainable growth in the non-food diary value-added products market.

The increasing influx of imported goods in Indonesia has intensified market competition and created complex challenges in protecting the rights of local trademark holders. Weak enforcement mechanisms and limited public awareness have facilitated imitation and unfair competition, threatening economic sustainability and consumer confidence. This study examines the adequacy of Indonesia’s trademark protection and reinterprets it through the ethical and normative framework of Islamic economic law. Using a normative juridical approach with statutory, conceptual, and comparative methods, the research analyzes Law No. 20 of 2016 on Trademarks and Geographical Indications alongside Islamic legal principles such as maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah (objectives of Islamic law), hifẓ al-māl (protection of wealth), and maṣlaḥah ‘āmmah (public interest). This analytical synthesis evaluates the harmony between positive law and Islamic ethics in regulating fair competition. The findings reveal that Indonesia’s legal framework provides sufficient formal protection but remains ineffective due to weak implementation, inadequate sanctions, and the limited capacity of small and medium enterprises. Conversely, Islamic economic principles emphasize moral accountability, fairness, and transparency as essential to market justice. Integrating these ethical values into trademark regulation would not only strengthen compliance but also foster socially responsible trade practices. This study contributes to contextualized Islamic law by proposing an integrated model that harmonizes intellectual property protection with Islamic moral economy. It advances theoretical understanding by linking fiqh mu‘āmalah with modern IP law and offers policy recommendations for promoting ethical branding, fair competition, and sustainable economic protection for Indonesian industries

This article examines some aspects of the introduction of network and digital technologies into our lives. This study aims to analyze the impact of introducing network and digital technologies on individual and social life, as well as on the formation of value orientations and ethical norms. The results of this study help us understand how digital reality affects identity, values, and social relations, which is crucial for developing strategies to adapt and regulate technologies in society. The article applies a comprehensive analysis of existing theoretical approaches to networking and digital reality and their impact on value systems; conceptual methods are used to identify changes in ethics and social structure. It is revealed that virtual identities and new values form a digital civilization that gradually replaces real values, causing a transformation of public consciousness and being. Conflicts between offline values and virtual counterparts, as well as processes of displacement of true values by false ones, are discovered. The findings show how the introduction of digital technologies leads to significant changes in the value orientations of humans and society, which requires a conscious approach to managing these processes to preserve cultural and ethical foundations. The value of the study lies in the in-depth understanding of the processes of value transformation in the era of digitalization, which contributes to the development of recommendations for harmonizing the virtual and real spheres of life, as well as for the formation of responsible use of technologies. Key words: man, digital technologies, network identity, ethical values, virtual reality.

Drawing on my research experience, this article critically reflects on navigating four ethical issues: informed consent , confidentiality and anonymity , giving back , and participants’ payment using culturally responsive ethical approaches among Maasai (an Indigenous ethnic group native to northern Tanzania and southern Kenya) pastoralists in Monduli, Tanzania. The article posits that culturally responsive ethical research requires reconciling conventional ethical standards with the distinct ethical protocols of Indigenous communities. This reconciliation can be achieved through a harmonious coexistence approach that aligns institutional ethical guidelines with local cultural values, knowledge systems, and worldviews. Researchers must exercise cultural sensitivity and reflexivity, remaining attuned to Indigenous ethical values while critically examining how their own identities, positions, and power dynamics shape research relationships. The article concludes by emphasising the need for a harmonious coexistence approach that integrates cultural sensitivity and reflexivity to uphold both institutional ethical standards and culturally grounded ethical practices in Indigenous research.

<p><em>This study aims to examine and understand the concept of ethics and moral education in the book of Akhlaqul Banin by Shaykh Umar bin Ahmad Baraja. This book is known as a guide that presents moral values that must be applied in everyday life, especially for children. In this research, a critical study approach was used by the researcher to explore the thoughts of Shaykh Umar bin Ahmad Baraja with ethical education, as well as the relevance of moral teachings in the book to the context of moral education today. The conclusion of the research shows that the book of Akhlaqul Banin strongly emphasises the importance of instilling moral and ethical values from an early age. The ethical education taught in this book focuses on the formation of good character through religious teachings, with the aim of producing individuals who have noble character, politeness, and social responsibility. Although the book was written in a traditional context, the thoughts of Shaykh Umar bin Ahmad Baraja are still relevant to be applied in modern education today, especially in responding to the moral challenges faced by today's young generation. This research also raises the concepts contained in the book of Akhlaqul Banin, which will then be used as guidelines in the development of moral education curriculum at all levels of education, from primary to secondary levels. By looking for the value of education in this book, it is hoped that the author will be able to find a concise way to form a generation that is not only intelligent, but also noble and responsible in facing the increasingly complex challenges of the world in the future.</em></p>

Euthanasia is an issue in bioethics that remains debatable between medical ethics, human rights, and religious principles. In Indonesia, the lack of explicit regulation and the strong influence of moral and religious values create legal ambiguity and ethical uncertainty for healthcare providers. This study examines the normative foundations of euthanasia prohibition in Indonesian positive law and Islamic law, highlighting their shared commitment to the sanctity of life but differing philosophical bases. Indonesian law, rooted in constitutional and criminal provisions, treats euthanasia as an unlawful act, while Islamic law prohibits it on theological grounds, allowing limited withdrawal of treatment under strict conditions. The study underscores the need for a coherent national framework that harmonizes constitutional, ethical, and religious values to guide future health law and bioethics policy in Indonesia.

Modern myths remain highly relevant today as they are expressed through stories and symbols that shape cultural identity. Spirited Away is one such work, and while previous studies have examined it from the perspectives of culture, identity, hero’s journey, ecology, feminism, and postcolonialism, few have analyzed it specifically as a modern myth. To address this gap, this study applies Barthes’ semiotic theory to explore how the story constructs modern myths that reflect Japanese culture. The study aims to 1) identify representations of Japanese culture in Spirited Away; 2) analyze how modern myths are constructed using Barthes’ semiotic framework; and 3) explore the cultural implications of these myths in the story. Using a qualitative approach and Barthes’ semiotic framework, the research analyzes signs and symbols at both the denotative and connotative levels. Through this analysis, the findings show that cultural elements such as food, work, names, spirits, and love are transformed into modern myths that naturalize values of identity, togetherness, spirituality, and morality. Thus, Spirited Away not only reflects Japanese culture but also communicates ideological messages that influence how people perceive values and social life in Japan.

The article is devoted to the study of the role of pedagogical methods in the formation of ethical values of higher education seekers through the prism of academic integrity. In the context of modernisation of the educational space of Ukraine, academic integrity is considered a key tool for fostering responsibility, honesty and professional ethics among future specialists. The article defines the essence of the concept of ‘academic integrity’, analyses its basic principles and substantiates its connection with moral and professional qualities of the individual. Particular attention is paid to pedagogical methods that promote the integration of the principles of academic integrity into the educational process, in particular problem-based learning, discussions, project work and methods of reflection. It is shown that their systematic use develops critical thinking, the ability to objectively analyse information, and forms internal motivation to comply with ethical standards. It is substantiated that violations of academic standards, such as plagiarism or falsification, not only reduce the quality of a specialist's training but also undermine their competitiveness in the modern labour market. It is concluded that the effective application of pedagogical methods in combination with the principles of academic integrity is a necessary condition for the formation of highly qualified, morally stable and socially responsible professionals. Directions for further research aimed at developing practical recommendations for the implementation of a culture of academic integrity in higher education are proposed.

Folklore is part of the cultural heritage created by humans and inherited from generation to generation, both orally and partially oral. In the context of education, especially in the digital era full of global information flows, folklore plays an important role in maintaining local values and the character of the nation. Culture cannot be separated from the education received, because education is a means to transfer cultural values to the younger generation. Javanese folklore, which has valuable moral, ethical, and character values, is very useful in the process of learning Javanese language in instilling ethical values. Teaching materials using folklore will shape students’ attitudes to be polite, cultured, and noble and become a pattern of regional cultural conservation and a filter against foreign cultures that are not in accordance with the personality of the nation. The method presented in this study uses a literature study with qualitative descriptiveness. The data used is secondary data such as books, journals, documents, and other publications. Data analysis was carried out in three stages, namely organize, synthesize, and identify. Through folklore, noble values can be instilled in the souls of students as part of character education. Learning Javanese language at the elementary school level not only teaches language and literature, but also shapes students’ personalities to behave according to Javanese culture that is polite and noble.

The recognition of transformational leadership is becoming an effective strategic approach by means of developing Generation Z professionals in the hospitality industry. The research is guided by Bass and Riggio’s (2006) four-dimensional framework and Bandura’s (1986) Social Cognitive Theory. This research determined how transformational leadership behaviors such as idealized influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, and individualized consideration, these impact young hospitality employees’ job satisfaction, motivation, professional growth, and career aspirations. Utilizing a descriptive quantitative design, a total of 172 Gen Z professionals were chosen to participate via survey. The result reveals consistent perceptions of transformational leadership across supervisory roles. High levels of satisfaction and motivation and generally viewed their work environments as conducive to learning and advancement. But moderate optimism surrounding future leadership roles suggests a need for clearer developmental pathways and long-term career planning. By evaluating the demographic profile ranging from early-career professionals with limited leadership exposure shows the highlights when it comes to urgency for hospitality organizations to adopt inclusive leadership strategies that foster mentorship, engagement, and alignment with Gen Z’s ethical and personal growth values. These findings reinforce the strategic relevance when it comes to transformational leadership in shaping Gen Z workforce experiences and advancing Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs 4, 5, and 8) through inclusive and values-driven HR practices.

This study investigates the local knowledge represented in the performance of the Rejang Wastra dance, which forms an integral part of Hindu religious ceremonies in Demulih village, Susut subdistrict, Bangli regency, Bali. Respected by the local community, this sacred dance embodies profound symbolic, functional, and philosophical meanings. Using a qualitative approach based on the exploration of traditional dance characteristics, the study reveals two main forms of local wisdom. The first finding shows that the dance represents the traditional market practice before ceremonies, symbolizing interdependence and ritual preparation. The second finding indicates that it illustrates stages of human life in Hindu philosophy, portraying a spiritual journey from birth to unity with the divine. Both meanings express the Balinese concept of Tri Hita Karana, emphasizing harmony among humans, God (Parahyangan), nature (Palemahan), and society (Pawongan). Overall, Rejang Wastra is not only a ritual dance but also a living medium that transmits local knowledge and ethical values, preserving cultural wisdom within Balinese society.

Introduction. When creating spaces for the life of people around them, future architects should take into account not only technical and aesthetic aspects, but also the needs, psychological characteristics, and values of different social groups. Of particular importance are such personal qualities as moral and ethical responsibility, empathy, and communicative tolerance, which allow for effective interaction with people and making decisions aimed at the benefit of society. The aim of the study is to study the role of personal determinants in the formation of moral and ethical guidelines in future architects. Materials and methods. The sample of the study consisted of 120 architecture students of the Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (Russian Federation). The following methods were used: «Diagnostics of the level of moral and ethical responsibility of the individual (DLMEOLP)» by I.G. Timoshchuk, the «Communicative tolerance» test by V.V. Boyko, the «Empathic potential of the individual» questionnaire by I.M. Yusupov. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation analysis, regression analysis (step-by-step method) were used for data analysis. KEYWORDS Results. The average level of moral and ethical responsibility, empathic potential and communicative tolerance were revealed in the architecture students. Altruistic emotions are expressed, especially manifested in empathy towards the elderly and strangers. Deficits in the development of existential responsibility and moral and ethical values were found. The relationships between the indicators of moral and ethical responsibility and the personal characteristics of the students were revealed. The higher the level of moral and ethical responsibility, the more future architects accept the individuality of another person (r=0.18, p≤0.05), are less categorical in judgments (r=0.19, p≤0.05), are inclined to forgive mistakes (r=0.20, p≤0.05), and show greater empathy towards the heroes of works (r=0.18, p≤0.05). The predictors of moral and ethical responsibility of architecture students were the indicators of communicative tolerance: «rejection of individuality» (β = −0.18; p ≤ 0.05) and «categorical judgments» (β = −0.22; p ≤ 0.04). Conclusion. The obtained results substantiate the need to develop programs aimed at developing moral and ethical responsibility and communicative competence in the professional training of architects.

The Patiṉeṇkīḻkkaṇakku (The Eighteen Minor Works) form a significant corpus in Tamil literature, emerging during the post-Sangam era (c. 3rd to 5th century CE). While the earlier Sangam literature focused on Akam (Subjective life, mainly love) and Puṟam (Objective life, mainly war and heroism), these eighteen works, particularly the eleven didactic texts (Aṟanūlkaḷ), prioritize Aṟam (Virtue or Dharma) and establish a comprehensive moral framework for individual and social life. This research paper examines the core life values promulgated by these texts, especially Tirukkuṟaḷ and Nālaṭiyār. Key ethical values include the supremacy of Domestic Virtue (Illaram) based on love and duty; the importance of Giving (Īkai) and Hospitality (Viruntōmpal) as fundamental social obligations; and the insistence on Integrity (Vāymai) and Humility (Aṭakkam) in personal conduct. Furthermore, the texts stress the significance of Education (Kalvi) as the true, imperishable beauty. A crucial underlying theme is the doctrine of Impermanence (Nilaiyāmai), which urges individuals to perform good deeds while life and wealth endure. The Patiṉeṇkīḻkkaṇakku texts thus serve as a timeless moral compass, shaping the ethical and cultural identity of the Tamil society.

Corruption remains a significant threat to governance, social equity, and sustainable development, particularly in developing countries. In Malaysia, efforts to promote integrity and combat corruption have been central to public policy, yet the attitudes and perceptions of the younger generation—especially tertiary students—remain under explored. Under the National Anti-Corruption Plan (NACP) 2019–2023, the Malaysian government has mandated that higher education institutions introduce and implement integrity and anti-corruption courses beginning in 2023. The primary objective is to cultivate a strong sense of ethical responsibility among students, ensuring they recognize their role in upholding integrity and contributing to national efforts to combat corruption. This study investigates the relationship between the tendency toward integrity (IT) and the perceived threat of corruption (CT) among tertiary-level students in Malaysia. A total of 219 participants, primarily from higher education institutions in Malaysia, were surveyed to explore how awareness and perception of corruption influence personal integrity values. The research employed descriptive statistics, correlational analysis, and linear regression to examine the interplay between the two constructs. The findings revealed a strong and statistically significant positive correlation between perceived corruption threat and integrity tendency. Specifically, the perceived corruption threat was found to explain 62.4% of the variance in integrity tendency, suggesting that as students become more aware of corruption and its consequences, they are more likely to develop and exhibit a stronger inclination toward ethical behavior and personal integrity. These results highlight the importance of reinforcing anti-corruption education and awareness campaigns within academic settings. Cultivating integrity among students may serve as a key strategy for long-term cultural and institutional reform. The study contributes to the growing body of literature on youth integrity development and underscores the role of perceived societal threats in shaping ethical values.

The education for anti-corruption has become essential as part of human governance efforts to fight against corruption, alongside the laws and regulations enforced by the government. Since October 2023, the Ministry of Higher Education has made it compulsory for universities to offer an anti-corruption education course as part of their higher education compulsory curriculum. This study aims to investigate the adequacy of anti-corruption education and its impact on the intention to engage in corruption from the perspectives of undergraduate students. A questionnaire survey was administered to a sample of 265 undergraduate students from one public university in Malaysia. The questionnaire consisted of three sections that examined the students’ perception of the implementation of anti-corruption education and their intention to engage in corruption. The study employed descriptive statistics and a partial least squares approach for data analysis through the SmartPLS programme. The findings of the study revealed that a strong majority of students in Malaysian higher education institutions perceive anti-corruption education as a crucial preventive initiative that brings about positive outcomes in demonstrating its role to cultivate ethical values, raise awareness, and promote a responsible society. Notably, the study emphasised that students exposed to formal anti-corruption education show a significant reduction in the intention to engage in a corrupt act. While the findings substantiate the current acceptance of anti-corruption education among students, they also indicate opportunities to enhance the pedagogical approach through more interactive real case studies and improved issue comprehension. This study contributes to the limited literature concerning anti-corruption education by focusing on the students’ perception of anti-corruption education, with manifold interesting implications for academics, practitioners, policymakers, and the entire education system. Furthermore, the study extends social learning theory to the realm of anti-corruption education in Malaysia.

The Hajj and Umrah pilgrimage attract millions of Muslim pilgrims around the world every year, which exerts heavy load on the transportation system, crowd management systems and Hajj pilgrim experience in general. The flow of such mass populations in a restricted and sacred space are logistically, safely and spiritually challenged. This article examines how Hajj and Umrah pilgrim movement could be transformed by use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and smart mobility technologies. Based on recent advancements in AI-driven mobility systems, Internet of Things (IoT) infrastructure and blockchain-based frameworks, we outline the integrative model based on data-driven decision-making so that pilgrimage experience can be experience-filled and spiritual. The analysis of the 26 academic sources in a systematic manner reveals the main enablers, case studies, and applications of smart cities worldwide to religious tourism in the specific context of Saudi Arabia, Vision 2030. The paper also reviews deep learning, mobile crowd sensing, and digital twins as fundamental technologies of real-time monitoring, scalable intervention and predictive analytics. Using this, we are presenting a multi-layered AI-informed framework that is Islamic compliant and pilgrimage friendly in the area of logistics. Finally, this paper shows that smart mobility can decrease congestion, add safety, and increase satisfaction and be compatible with religious, cultural, and ethical values.

This paper criticizes the pace- and sensationalism-oriented nature of modern journalism and examines slow journalism in detail. Slow journalism, as a reaction to fast-consumption culture, gave a journalism approach based on in-depth research, quality production, and ethical values. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to assess the problems caused by pace-oriented journalism and whether slow journalism might be an alternative solution to these problems. This was a literature review-based study. The paper reviews how speed influences journalism by critically analyzing the context within which this theory and the Slow Movement have taken shape while critically reviewing Susan Greenberg's definition and criteria of "slow journalism." Slow journalism focuses on time, research, and verification processes. Thus, while striving for its return to the core principles of journalism, it stands out for distancing itself from sensationalism, superficiality, and competitive approaches. Furthermore, this model tries to base itself on trust with readers while placing greater emphasis on the meaning and context of news rather than the fact that it is true. In that respect, slow journalism comes across as an important alternative to the ethical and qualitative problems of fast journalism. Yet, pressure for speed due to digitalization, the structure of the media economy oriented toward profit, and the fast habits of consuming readers create a barrier to the comprehensive application of such an understanding. Slow journalism, in any case, is a tool that enables the continuation of journalism in a sustainable and ethical manner. This study positions slow journalism not solely as an anti-speed attitude but as a robust model, which may restore trust between media and the audience.