In this paper, we evaluate the ethical challenges faced by Muslim healthcare professionals (HCPs) working in palliative and end-of-life care (P&EOLC) in the UK. Aiming to contribute to an empirical foundation on which ethical support systems for religious HCPs can be built, we compare Islamic moral frameworks with the secular ethics of the NHS (National Health Service) and assess how Muslim HCPs navigate the integration of both.This qualitative study includes 76 semistructured interviews with Muslim patients, family members and a variety of Muslim and non-Muslim palliative care providers. Important themes were the central role of Islam, Islamic beliefs and values surrounding P&EOLC, and difficulties in navigating multiple moral frameworks resulting in significant moral distress among Muslim HCPs.Our study reveals a pressing need for better ethical support systems for religious HCPs and more inclusive workplaces in healthcare. We suggest developing ethical guidance incorporating religious perspectives, offering cultural and religious competence training to staff, and establishing peer support groups to aid Muslim HCPs in aligning their professional duties with their faith, preserving their integrity and well-being. We recommend future research focuses on gathering more empirical data from diverse Muslim populations, developing effective ethical support mechanisms and studying their impact.

Artificial intelligence and the energy transition: Towards ethical and equitable future power systems

ABSTRACT Artificial intelligence (AI) systems represent a paradigm shift in technological capabilities, offering transformative potential across industries while introducing novel governance and implementation challenges. This paper presents a comprehensive framework for understanding AI systems through three critical dimensions: trustworthiness characteristics, lifecycle management, and stakeholder ecosystem. We systematically analyze the technical and operational requirements for robust, reliable, and ethical AI deployment, drawing upon established industry practices while addressing contemporary challenges. The framework emphasizes the dynamic nature of AI systems compared with traditional software, particularly in their data dependencies, continuous learning requirements, and probabilistic outputs. For organizational leaders, we provide actionable insights into risk mitigation, compliance strategies, and governance structures necessary for responsible AI adoption. The paper concludes with strategic recommendations for aligning AI initiatives with business objectives while maintaining ethical standards and regulatory compliance. To enhance practical relevance, the analysis is supplemented with brief case vignettes from manufacturing, finance, healthcare, and public administration, which illustrate how the framework reveals hidden risks and guides effective interventions. The conceptual model and real‐world examples offer an integrated roadmap for researchers and practitioners.

Certain populations face challenges in accessing online health information, leading to the emergence of Proxy Online Health Information Seeking (Proxy OHIS). Due to their close contact with patients and medical knowledge, nursing interns frequently encounter requests from patients to perform Proxy OHIS, which presents various ethical challenges. Currently, no research specifically focuses on nursing interns within the context of their Proxy OHIS activities. This study aims to explore the ethical decision-making processes of nursing interns when engaging in Proxy OHIS for patients during their clinical practice and to analyze the associated ethical challenges, thereby contributing to improved ethical decision-making among nursing students. This qualitative study was guided by a constructivist paradigm. Rest's Four-Component Model of ethical decision-making served as the theoretical framework for examining the decision-making process. Participants were recruited via purposive sampling from a tertiary Grade A hospital in Zibo between August and September 2025. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with eligible participants until data saturation was achieved. The study involved nursing interns at multiple educational levels (diploma, bachelor's, and postgraduate) from eight different universities. Data were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using Graneheim and Lundman's conventional qualitative content analysis approach with NVivo 14.0 software. A total of 18 nursing interns participated. Content analysis identified four primary categories: "Identifying ethical issues and risks", "Formulating appropriate ethical judgments", "Balancing multiple ethical motivations" and "Implementing prudent behavioral strategies". Guided by Rest's Four-Component Model, this study revealed that nursing interns encounter a range of ethical challenges throughout their decision-making process when performing Proxy OHIS for patients. These challenges span the entire process, from initial issue recognition to the implementation of final actions. To address these challenges effectively, interventions should focus on two key areas: ethics and online health information seeking. In the future, nursing education stakeholders can build a comprehensive ethical support system, including establishing structured supervision protocols for handling Proxy OHIS requests.

Introduction Rapid advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) have ushered in an era of hyperautomation and intelligent orchestration across multiple engineering domains, with healthcare emerging as one of the most impactful application areas. Among recent developments, Agentic AI has gained attention as a sub-domain of AI capable of autonomous operation, decision-making, and goal-driven behavior with minimal human intervention. This study aims to explore the architectural and functional role of Agentic AI in modern healthcare systems. Methods The study adopts a conceptual and analytical approach to examine the core components of Agentic AI, including agent design, decision-making mechanisms, task allocation strategies, agent coordination, and ranking frameworks. It further investigates the integration of emerging 6G networking technologies within Agentic AI architectures. A qualitative case study on remote robotic surgery is presented to illustrate practical applicability. Additionally, a Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) analysis is conducted to assess strategic and operational considerations. Results The analysis demonstrates that Agentic AI architectures, when supported by high-speed and low-latency 6G communication, can enable efficient autonomous decision-making and coordinated task execution in complex healthcare workflows. The case study highlights the feasibility of Agentic AI in enabling remote robotic surgery with enhanced responsiveness, precision, and reliability. The SWOT analysis reveals strong potential for scalability and efficiency while also identifying challenges related to ethical governance, system robustness, and security. Discussion The findings suggest that Agentic AI represents a promising paradigm for next-generation healthcare systems, particularly in remote and critical care applications. While the proposed framework offers architectural insights and strategic value, responsible integration requires addressing limitations such as trust, regulatory compliance, and system transparency. Overall, this study provides a holistic understanding of how Agentic AI can be effectively and ethically integrated into healthcare ecosystems.

With the high-speed development of Generative Artificial Intelligence (AIGC), Generative Artificial Intelligence has changed the trend of news public opinion and the information dissemination environment. This paper explores the application of AIGC in journalism, and finds that it improves the efficiency of news production while causing public opinion security issues, public opinion ethics and public opinion law issues. Through literature research and typical case analysis, the study analyzes the status of AIGC in news reports and its influence on public opinion, and concludes that AIGC has advantages in information production and transmission speed, with outstanding personalized recommendation performance, and also has risks such as misinformation and manipulation of public opinion. Young people can be confused when faced with such information, and the content of dehumanized processing also makes the public opinion reception gradually change, resulting in the gradual disintegration of social consensus. Policymakers, industry leaders and educators need to take active countermeasures, relevant departments need to build effective regulatory systems, and the governance structure needs to be constantly improved. College students are the group that should be cared for, strengthening media literacy education, improving information judgment ability is a necessary way for college students to adapt to the new information environment. The study on the influence of AIGC on the guidance of news public opinion, new ideas, lay a theoretical foundation for the construction of ethical and legal system in the future, and have both academic significance and reference value.

Background: Churchman’s pragmatic epistemological systems philosophy has influenced the praxis of perspective-taking methods to deal with a class of problems known as wicked problems. Churchman’s philosophy has not yet been interpreted as an existential phenomenology that deals with the inquirer’s experience with and attitude towards perspective-taking collaborative approaches. Objectives: This study aims to build an argument for the repositioning of Churchman as an existential phenomenologist based on his treatment of his heroic mood. This repositioning may serve to balance epistemological pragmatism with existential phenomenological atonement to the problem situation. Method: An argument is built based on an in-depth literature study of Churchman’s writing and comparisons drawn to existential phenomenological literature. This literature study is used to uncover and interpret the structure of Churchman’s heroic mood and systems journey and the role of the heroic mood within it as it links to existential phenomenological themes. Results: Churchman’s heroic mood emerges as the root of his ethical approach to systems inquiry in the context of wicked problems. This shows that Churchman’s philosophy can do more to help inquirers deal with perspective-taking collaborative approaches. Conclusion: Churchman’s overt epistemological pragmatism is complimented functionally in an important way by his latent existential phenomenology. This needs to be made more overt to complement the important ongoing epistemological work aiming to take the systems approach further. Contribution: This study helps to further unpack the ethics of the systems approach to wicked problems, strengthening the foundation on which we can build in terms of what it means to be an ethical guide and leader in perspective-taking collaborative spaces.

Tradition and Innovation of High-Tech Ethical Review System and Its Implications for Ethical Review of Integrative Medicine.

This study develops a behavioral microeconomic model of Fair Trade adoption that integrates firm- and consumer-level decision mechanisms with policy and institutional dynamics. The framework extends utility theory by incorporating moral utility, institutional trust, and information asymmetry to explain why Fair Trade markets remain underdeveloped in emerging economies such as Türkiye. On the producer side, adoption is modeled as a risk-adjusted optimization problem in which firms balance certification costs, expected price premiums, and reputational gains. On the consumer side, willingness to pay for ethically certified goods depends on income constraints, perceived credibility of certification, and the salience of moral satisfaction. The model identifies multiple equilibria, showing that low trust and high certification costs trap the market in a coordination failure. In contrast, credible institutions and targeted incentives can shift the system toward a high-participation equilibrium. Results show that reductions in certification costs and increases in institutional credibility jointly enhance both consumer demand and producer participation. Applied to the Turkish context, the results indicate that policy interventions—such as the establishment of domestic accreditation agencies, awareness campaigns, and fiscal support for certification—can generate strong network effects that accelerate the diffusion of Fair Trade. The paper contributes to behavioral economics in the topic of sustainability by linking institutional design and moral preferences to market formation, providing policy guidance for developing inclusive and credible ethical trade systems.

The conflict between legal requirements and the principles of care ethics is one of the fundamental challenges in healthcare settings. Such conflicts can lead to moral distress, emotional exhaustion, and a crisis of professional identity among healthcare staff. This study aimed to identify and explain the dimensions and consequences of these conflicts in a hospital nursing care. This research employed thematic synthesis of qualitative studies. A systematic search was conducted in reputable national and international databases for studies published between 2010 and 2025. Of the retrieved literature, 15 qualitative studies were included that examined legal-ethical conflicts in hospital settings. Data were synthesized through open coding, axial categorization, and the development of analytical themes. Four overarching themes and twelve subthemes emerged: (1) Patient autonomy versus legal protection, (2) Organizational directives and resource allocation versus moral duty of care, (3) Defensive documentation versus ethical transparency, and (4) Hierarchy, inequality, and professional silence versus justice and integrity. These tensions frequently led to moral distress, erosion of professional identity, and emotional strain among healthcare professionals. Legal-ethical conflicts deeply affect both caregivers and institutional cultures. Mitigating their impact requires coordinated reforms: integrating ethics education and decision-making training into nursing curricula, revising legal frameworks to allow greater contextual flexibility, and establishing psychosocial and ethical support systems for staff exposed to recurring moral tensions. Such multi-level strategies can bridge the gap between law and moral care, fostering ethical coherence, professional sustainability, and trust within healthcare systems.

The study is a detailed proposal of smart curation of art biennials and exhibitions, a combination of artificial intelligence (AI) and human curatorial practices. The paper suggests the method of a multilayered system that integrates multimodal data collection, semantic reasoning, alongside optimization through reinforcement learning as alternative approaches to increase thematic coherence, spatial design, and audience engagement. CNN types of graphics, text, and behavior were processed based on CNN-ViT hybrids and transformer-based NLP models, which allowed forming cross-modal features in the box and the creation of a cultural knowledge graph. An exhibition layout optimization module with the equations of aesthetic, engagement, and diversity maximized the layouts, and explainable AI (XAI) promulgated interpretability and ethical transparency. A case study that mimicked a modern art biennial indicated that AI-aided curation enhanced thematic consistency by 31 %, shortened planning time by 42 % and had a high level of curator satisfaction (0.91 on a scale of 1.0). The findings have validated the hypothesis that AI enhances creative abilities among curators and it reveals underlying cultural associations and promotes inclusive representation. Cultural integrity was achieved using ethical governance systems, like provenance tracking, bias mitigation, and transparency indices. Finally, the paper defines intelligent curation as a partnership between intelligence and AI known as a co-creation of scalable, explainable and ethically grounded exhibition design. According to this framework, curatorial intelligence is being redefined as a hybrid process based on the data but highly humanized to form the future of global art biennales and cultural management.

The rapid development of e-commerce transactions in the digital era has brought significant convenience to society; however, it has also generated various legal issues that potentially harm consumers, such as fraud, lack of transparency of information, gharar (uncertainty), and the misuse of personal data. This study aims to analyze the concept of consumer protection in e-commerce transactions from the perspective of fiqh jinayah and to examine its relevance in strengthening consumer legal protection. The research employs a qualitative method with a normative approach through library research by examining sources of Islamic law, fiqh principles, as well as scholarly literature and regulations related to consumer protection and electronic transactions. The findings indicate that fiqh jinayah categorizes violations in e-commerce transactions as unlawful acts (jarīmah), particularly those involving tadlīs (deception), gharar, and harmful conduct (ḍarar), as they contradict the principles of justice and the protection of property (ḥifẓ al-māl). Furthermore, fiqh jinayah provides a flexible and contextual mechanism of ta‘zīr sanctions aimed at creating a deterrent effect, ensuring preventive protection, and promoting restorative justice for affected consumers. This study concludes that integrating the principles of fiqh jinayah with positive law can strengthen a fair, ethical, and Islamic value-based system of consumer protection in e-commerce.

This article examines the limitations of conventional management control mechanisms, which tend to focus on structural and procedural controls. It proposes a holistic supervision model based on Islamic theology to align personnel work behavior with organizational goals in a more sustainable manner. This study aims to develop a comprehensive conceptual framework of supervision that integrates organizational supervision, transcendental supervision, and self-supervision as a unified control system. The research employs a qualitative approach through a systematic literature review, examining management books, national and international journal articles, as well as classical and contemporary Islamic theology literature obtained from Google Scholar, Dimensions, DOAJ, and the SINTA portal. The data were analyzed using content analysis techniques in a critical paradigm to identify patterns of relationships between formal control mechanisms and individual spiritual awareness. The results of the study show that supervision based solely on organizational structure tends to produce formalistic and situational compliance. Conversely, the integration of transcendental supervision, based on the belief in Allah SWT's supervision and eschatological accountability, with faith-based self-supervision has proven to be the most effective foundation for shaping integrity, honesty, and consistency in work behavior. Organizational supervision functions optimally when positioned as a complement that supports individual internal control. This study recommends a paradigm shift in leadership from coercive supervision to the cultivation and internalization of spiritual awareness, thereby building an effective, ethical, and sustainable management control system, particularly in the context of Islamic education management.

Islamic economics has increasingly gained scholarly attention as an alternative economic system amid growing dissatisfaction with conventional capitalist and socialist frameworks. The global economy continues to face persistent challenges such as financial instability, widening income inequality, ethical degradation, and recurrent economic crises, which expose structural weaknesses in dominant economic paradigms. Islamic economics offers a value-based framework grounded in Sharia principles that integrates ethical considerations, social justice, and economic efficiency. This article aims to conceptually review Islamic economics as an alternative economic system through a thematic literature review approach. By systematically synthesizing theoretical and conceptual studies from both classical and contemporary literature, this article identifies core themes that define Islamic economics, including its philosophical foundations, normative principles, institutional mechanisms, and socio-economic objectives. The review highlights how Islamic economics differs fundamentally from conventional systems by emphasizing the prohibition of interest (riba), risk-sharing mechanisms, equitable wealth distribution, and moral accountability. Furthermore, this article discusses the relevance of Islamic economics in addressing modern economic challenges, particularly in developing countries such as Indonesia, where economic inequality and financial exclusion remain significant issues. Secondary data from national institutions indicate a growing role of Islamic financial institutions and halal industries in supporting inclusive economic development. Despite its potential, the literature also reveals several challenges related to conceptual clarity, institutional implementation, and integration within the global economic system. This article contributes to the academic discourse by providing a structured conceptual understanding of Islamic economics and identifying research gaps for future empirical and policy-oriented studies. The findings are expected to serve as a theoretical reference for scholars, policymakers, and practitioners interested in developing alternative, ethical, and sustainable economic systems.

Abstract The Sundarbans in the short stories by Dalit writer Shyamal Kumar Pramanik is not some geographical setting but is instead a living environmental being that reinvents the relationship between man and the nonhuman world. Dalit, a word translating to “oppressed” and applied to groups that were traditionally marginalised by the caste system of India, becomes a key category through which Pramanik explores the ethics of survival, belonging and ecological resistance. This paper argues that the mangrove forest in Pramanik’s narratives such as “Life in the Forest” and “In Dakshin Rai’s Land” operates as a responsive vegetal agent that shapes the social, ethical and ontological dynamics of forest life for marginalised communities. Drawing on Michael Marder’s Plant-Thinking (2013), J. C. Ryan’s (2018) botanical imagination, Jeffrey T. Nealon’s Plant Theory (2015) and Matthew Hall’s (2011) articulation of vegetal life as a moral force – this paper develops the concept of “Dalit Botanics” – a term for a theoretical framework that understands forest life as a pedagogical and ethical system in which trees act as epistemic agents, to theorise the Sundarbans as a sentient pedagogical ecology and to examine how caste and plant life co-constitute each other in Dalit experience.

The banking sector is a strategic pillar that supports national economic stability and relies heavily on public trust. To maintain this legitimacy, banks are required to implement Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), which is not only a moral obligation but also a legal duty as regulated in several laws such as Law No. 40 of 2007 on Limited Liability Companies and Law No. 21 of 2011 on the Financial Services Authority (OJK). This study aims to analyze the responsibility of OJK in managing Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) funds based on the principles of Good Governance and to examine the role of banking institutions in maintaining public trust through transparent and accountable Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) practices. This research employs a normative juridical approach by reviewing relevant legislation, literature, and regulatory documents. The results show that OJK holds normative, institutional, and legal responsibilities in supervising Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) implementation to ensure compliance with the principles of transparency, accountability, independence, responsibility, and fairness. Meanwhile, banking institutions play a crucial role in ensuring that Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) becomes an integral part of their sustainability strategy rather than a mere administrative formality. The application of Good Corporate Governance (GCG) has a positive impact on increasing public trust, as transparency and accountability in Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) management strengthen the social legitimacy of banking institutions. Therefore, synergy between OJK and the banking sector in enhancing Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) governance is the key to achieving an ethical and sustainable financial system.

Advances in digital technology have changed the way people manage finances, including in Islamic finance practices. This study discusses how sharia financial technology (fintech) plays a role in strengthening microfinance management and its contribution to increasing digital financial inclusion in Indonesia. With a qualitative approach and conceptual review, this study outlines the relationship between Islamic values and financial technology innovations applied in Islamic microfinance institutions (MFIs). Sharia fintech is here not only to facilitate transactions, but also as a form of implementing an ethical, transparent, and fair financial system in accordance with sharia principles. The findings of the study show that the integration of sharia fintech with MFIs can expand the reach of financial services, especially for small communities and micro business actors who have been difficult to access formal financing. However, its implementation still faces obstacles, such as regulatory limitations, lack of digital literacy, and data security issues. Therefore, collaboration between the government, financial institutions, and technology industry players is important so that sharia fintech can grow sustainably while bringing social and economic benefits to the wider community.

The new technologies are being developed due to the rapid AI growth, which is ready to use in the fight against financial fraud, especially for such vulnerable communities as the elderly. This paper focuses on how AI technologies can be implemented in various areas of fraud protection surpassing from machine learning algorithms and natural language processing up to facial recognition. The paper sets out an analysis of existing AI-based fraud prevention methods, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages, and advices on improving their functional efficiency. The application of publicly available datasets for fraud detection shows that AI can get high accuracy in dealing with suspicious activities. And though it exists, its concerns of privacy data, personal bias, and the necessary adaptation of the system for the use of seniors with poor digital skills. The paper ends with a number of approaches for the development of ethical, transparent, and user-friendly AI systems which will enable older people to make deliberate decisions concerning the prevention of scams.

In recent years, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has developed very fast and been used in many areas like healthcare, education, finance and transportation. It has not only made society work more efficiently but also changed how industries are structured and how people live. But AI development brings new problems. These include the risk of privacy leaks, over-reliance on core technologies, not enough talented people, and slow progress in legal and regulatory systems. This paper talks about the AI industry from four points. First, it sums up the industry’s development features. These are technological progress, integration across different fields, more detailed industrial chains, and global competition. Second, it describes the industry’s current situation. Its market is getting bigger all the time. There are more different ways to use AI. Different regions have their own advantages. There is also strong support policy. Then, it discusses the main challenges the industry faces. These are ethical risks, dependence on technology, and a shortage of talents. Finally, it puts forward suggestions for development. These are making legal and ethical systems stronger, improving the ability to innovate independently, training talents at different levels, and promoting international cooperation.

Abstract This article examines Indigenous ethics of reciprocity as a normative and epistemological framework that challenges Western linear conceptions of time, economy, and social relations. Drawing from Marcel Mauss’s theory of the gift and Andean traditions, reciprocity is conceived not as mere exchange but as a vital principle of survival that structures human, communal, and cosmic relations. The acts of giving, receiving, and returning are understood as sacred obligations that guarantee continuity, balance, and mutual recognition across generations. Andean temporality, cyclical and rooted in natural and agricultural rhythms, situates reciprocity beyond economic utility and embeds it within cultural and cosmological orders. Historical encounters, such as colonial Christianity, illustrate the adaptive and inclusive nature of reciprocity, which facilitated intercultural coexistence and survival. Within this horizon, wealth is defined as relational abundance, measured by kinship networks and the capacity to fulfill communal obligations. Practices such as ayni (reciprocal labor), minka (collective work), and randi-randi (generalized reciprocity) embody this ethical system. Reciprocity thus emerges as both epistemology and moral system: a categorical imperative that governs enduring relations among humans, nature, and the cosmos. Returning a gift is not optional but a universal moral principle grounded in respect for Indigenous law, often misunderstood within Western frameworks. Despite growing critiques of Artificial Intelligence, non-Western epistemologies remain excluded. AI redefines truth as technical construction, suppressing subjectivity, dissent, and plurality, while fostering algorithmic obedience that undermines political imagination. The ethics of reciprocity offers a counterpoint, demanding the recovery of relational responsibility as a moral and political principle to guide the development of more just, situated, and human technologies.