The application of business ethics has become a fundamental pillar for modern organizations striving to achieve sustainability and strengthen stakeholder trust. The core issue addressed in this study is the growing complexity of the business environment, which requires organizations to uphold integrity, transparency, and social responsibility as part of sustainable business practices. This study aims to examine how ethical principles contribute to organizational stability, enhance corporate reputation, and support long-term relationships with employees, customers, and strategic partners. This research employs a literature-based approach by reviewing scientific journals, academic books, and relevant documents discussing business ethics and organizational sustainability. The findings reveal that consistent implementation of ethical practices reinforces governance structures, minimizes potential violations, and increases public trust in the organization. Additionally, the integration of ethical values into decision-making processes promotes adaptive and responsible organizational performance. Therefore, business ethics function not only as moral guidelines but also as a strategic foundation for fostering long-term sustainability in contemporary organizations. Keywords : business ethics, sustainability, trust, governance, organization.

Objective: The relationship between the ethical atmosphere and integrity among the officials of Universiti Utara Malaysia is explored in this paper. The growing amount of public complaints about government service delivery systems clearly shows integrity problems. Public complaints indicate the quality of the delivery service system, as they reflect the public's dissatisfaction with government services. Public officials face the primary challenge of enhancing the consciousness of integrity, specifically among leaders. Previous studies reported that organisational systems and procedures compose ethical climate practices. Nevertheless, the connection between the ethical climate and integrity is inconsistent. Methods: This study used quantitative methodologies and distributed questionnaires to 50 respondents. Thirty respondents from fifty surveys made up the pilot research sample (average response rate: 52%). Results: The reliability analysis demonstrated that the ethical climate directly influences integrity. The correlation between ethical climate and integrity was 0.599 (p = 0.001 < 0.05). Thus, the hypothesis was supported. Conclusions: This study's ethical climate centered on organisational members' perception and acceptance of organisational policies and procedures. The results demonstrated that governmental policies and laws effectively established a favorable ethical environment that fostered the promotion of integrity among civil workers. The government significantly emphasizes fostering integrity within the public sector, as it is a fundamental basis for providing transparent and efficient services to the public. Therefore, this study concluded that the practice of integrity could be influenced by implementing an effective, ethical climate and gaining the acceptance of organisational members.

Abstract This literature review synthesizes interdisciplinary research examining how conservative religious ideologies influence male sexual development through the mechanism of sexual shame. Using a biopsychosocial and intersectional framework, it explores how moral teachings about purity and gender roles contribute to internalized shame that may manifest as hypersexuality, hyposexuality, or relational distress. Drawing from psychology, sexuality studies, and theology, the review reveals that religion-based sexual shame is not merely an individual experience but one reinforced by broader cultural and institutional structures. It fills a critical gap in existing research by centering the influence on heterosexual men—a population rarely included in studies of sexual socialization. By integrating psychological, sociological, and theological perspectives, this paper reframes sexual distress as a biopsychosocial phenomenon rooted in moral incongruence, bridging theory and practice to suggest new directions for empirical and therapeutic research.

This paper presents a review of the current landscape of AI-driven personalization in B2B and B2C marketing, highlighting key challenges such as integration of LLMS and SLMS models into existing systems, scalability and performance issues, ensuring accuracy and relevance in recommendations. Future directions emphasize model efficiency, seamless integration, and ethical AI practices ensuring transparency, fairness, and data privacy. This paper conducts a theoretical meta-analysis (integrative literature review) to gather and synthesize findings from a broad range of studies on AI-driven personalization in marketing.

The rapid evolution of technology and the ongoing digital transformation are fundamentally reshaping the nature of leadership, particularly for the younger generation in emerging economies like Indonesia. This creates an urgent need to understand the competencies required for future leaders to navigate this new landscape effectively. This study investigates the leadership styles of Indonesia's future young generation, focusing on identifying the defining characteristics of effective leadership in a digitally accelerated era. Using a qualitative research approach, the study employed semi-structured interviews with emerging leaders from diverse sectors such as business, education, technology, and social activism. Thematic analysis of the data revealed key leadership traits, including adaptability, digital fluency, collaborative orientation, and a strong sense of ethical and inclusive practice. The findings highlight that effective future leadership is not only about individual skills but is also deeply intertwined with the broader national digital ecosystem, including infrastructure and supportive policies. The study concludes that fostering these competencies through integrated educational, training, and policy initiatives is essential for developing a generation of leaders capable of driving sustainable innovation and inclusive growth in Indonesia's digital future.

Academic researchers face significant challenges in achieving genuine participation during the dissemination phase when co-researching with forced migrants due to mobility restrictions, anonymity and security concerns, and limited time or resources. Co-dissemination often becomes tokenistic, perpetuating extractivist dynamics within neocolonial academic practice. Drawing on four initiatives in Spain, Belgium, and Australia that involve forced migrants as co-researchers, our contribution highlights the gap between participatory ideals and their practical implementation. We propose a participatory framework grounded in principles of Presence, Accountability, Reach, and Return to re-imagine ethical research practices that expand co-researchers’ roles and prioritize meaningful and transformative co-dissemination.

Responsibility is a core concept for engineering ethics, yet it is often used ambiguously and is subject to various interpretations. Given that the mission statements of engineering higher education institutions, accreditation requirements, and engineering professional codes are built on a language of responsibility, it is important to have a structured approach that includes its evolving dimensions. This article surveys the engineering ethics literature to identify historical developments and develop a conceptual framework for defining the diverse responsibilities engineers have qua engineers. This conceptual framework categorizes engineering responsibilities at four analytical levels (Micro/Macro and Subject/Object). Micro-Subject responsibilities address the values, characteristics, and decision-making of individual engineers. Micro-Object responsibilities address the values, characteristics, and culture of organizations where an engineer practices. Macro-Subject responsibilities address the values, mission and decision-making of the engineering profession or collectives. Macro-Object responsibilities address the social, economic and political structures and context driving engineering practice. The framework provides a practical tool for engineering curriculum development and accreditation processes by providing clear formulations for setting learning objectives and graduate attributes that support the embedding of responsibility across the curriculum and across accreditation requirements.

ABSTRACT Since the 2008 financial crisis, the NEET phenomenon has been the focus of international attention among researchers and politicians. And yet, despite extensive research into these young people, little is known today about their daily economic and moral activities. The present article addresses this knowledge gap by examining NEETs’ daily economic practices and their normative modalities. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach in Switzerland, it demonstrates that NEETs are not economically inactive, but rather engage in a wide range of circuits of commerce which include various actors, objects and services. Furthermore, it highlights that their economic activities are not anomic but governed by social and moral conventions based on the values of love, friendship, cooperation, solidarity and compassion. Consequently, the main contribution of the article is to challenge the stigmatizing public stereotypes of these young people as inactive and immoral by shedding light on their economic agency and their economic and moral rationality. Finally, based on these empirical findings, our article invites researchers to embrace a theoretical paradigm shift, namely, to cease conceptualizing NEETs as entrepreneurial selves according to a homo economicus model, and instead to conceptualize them as fully fledged socio-economic and moral actors within a homo socialis and moralis model.

This research paper examines labor rights violations in Apple’s supply chain, focusing on manufacturers like Foxconn and Pegatron in China. Despite Apple’s global brand reputation, reports of excessive overtime, low wages, and unsafe working conditions have sparked ethical concerns. Through a case study approach, we analyze root causes—cost pressures, weak regulatory enforcement, cultural norms, and supply chain complexity—and propose actionable solutions. These include a shared cost model, local partnerships with NGOs, culturally sensitive training, a worker-controlled data platform, and enhanced auditing. Financial projections estimate a $2,675 million investment over five years, yielding a $3,689 million net present value. By integrating corporate social responsibility and ethical practices, Apple can mitigate risks, enhance brand equity, and set an industry standard for labor rights. This study underscores the intersection of profitability and ethical manufacturing in global supply chains.

ABSTRACT According to a prominent view, all blameworthy wrongdoers deserve to feel guilt at some point in time and to some degree. In this paper, I pose a challenge against this view by examining cases involving extremely small wrongdoings. I contend that, granted that defenders of the above view have provided strong intuitive support and reasons for their thesis when it comes to the morally severe wrongdoings, similar considerations do not extend to the extremely small wrongdoings. I then consider three alternative forms of the thesis about deserved guilt. I suggest that the challenge from extremely small wrongdoings can be extended to criticize two of them as well. Though the third form remains promising, it would require us to significantly revise our understanding of the roles of guilt in moral responsibility practices.

The paper explores shifting cultivation practices by the Kukis of Manipur. It argues that the practices is not merely an economic activity; it is a cultural practice deeply rooted in ecological ethics and indigenous knowledge systems. The customary knowledge embedded in agriculture reflects a harmonious relationship with nature, guided by principles of sustainability, reciprocity, and respect for the environment. It also highlights how customary norms regulate land use, conserve soil fertility, and prevent resource over-exploitation. Agricultural festivals, taboos, and authority of the village institutions further reinforce these ethical practices. The institution of the village chief (Haosa) and his councils regulate the cultivation cycles, fallow periods, and collective responsibilities, reflecting an indigenous form of ecological governance. Sacred rituals performed during land clearing or harvest embody an ethical relationship between humans and nature, reinforcing respect for the environment. The findings demonstrate that Thadou-Kuki agricultural knowledge represents a holistic system where custom and ecology converge to sustain both community and environment Keywords: Customary Knowledge, Ecological Ethics, Manipur, Shifting Cultivation, Thadou-Kuki.

An integrated in vitro and in silico testing strategy applied to PFAS inhibition of antibody production to define a tolerable daily intake.

The aim of this study is to examine the Johannine affirmation that “God is love” through the philosophical categories of metaphysics, epistemology, and ontology, in order to elucidate how love and justice are revealed in divine self-disclosure. Methodologically, the analysis follows a sequential reading of the Fourth Gospel in dialogue with classical philosophical branches: beginning with metaphysical claims that the Logos is eternally with God and is God; proceeding to epistemological concerns expressed in the Incarnation as the medium of divine revelation; and culminating in ontological reflection on human existence as contingent upon the creative act of the Logos. The study concludes that divine love is both essential and eternal within God’s being, yet becomes ontologically communicable through the Logos’ mediating role. The article contributes to scholarship by demonstrating how the Gospel of John provides a philosophical-theological synthesis in which faith in the incarnate Logos enables humanity to participate in divine filiation, thereby integrating love and justice as fundamental coordinates of revelation. This study positions the Logos as the central axis uniting divine love (agape) and justice (dikaiosyne), offering a novel metaphysical-theological framework that reconceptualizes the Logos as a dynamic mediator of God’s attributes. It provides a hermeneutical method for interpreting Scripture that highlights the interplay of love and justice and offers ethically grounded guidance for human action, bridging philosophy, theology, and practical ethics in contemporary contexts.

Validity and reliability of Mexican version of MacArthur competence assessment tool for treatment decision (MacCAT-T) in patients with schizophrenia.

This article comparatively analyzes the conception of interest on loans within the three major Abrahamic religions: Judaism, Islam, and Christianity, from a theological, ethical, and financial perspective. In the Jewish tradition, Halakha strictly prohibits charging interest to other Jews, based on passages in the Torah that promote solidarity and mutual support, although it does permit charging interest to foreigners. Islam, through Sharia, condemns all forms of usury (ribā), considering the generation of risk-free profit immoral, and proposes as an alternative the Islamic financial system based on risk-sharing contracts and social justice. For its part, early Christianity, influenced by biblical and patristic thought, also rejected interest, a position that was maintained for centuries but was reinterpreted with the arrival of capitalism and the Protestant Reformation. The study highlights how each religion offers a unique vision of economic justice and the ethics of lending, influenced by its sacred texts, legal traditions, and historical contexts. The study incorporates qualitative data from interviews and surveys that shed light on how contemporary believers and practitioners interpret and apply these principles in their financial decision-making. The contemporary implications of these approaches for modern banking and ethical financial practices are also reflected upon, opening an interfaith dialogue on the morality of the current financial system. This analysis contributes to an understanding of the role of religion in shaping sustainable and socially responsible financial principles.

Workplace harassment affects both men and women globally, with male ethnic harassment receiving limited attention. Few national or international studies have explored the issue from the perspective of male ethnic harassment. This study examines the influence of leadership styles, specifically ethical and destructive leadership, on the incidence of ethnic harassment among male employees in Karachi, Pakistan. Using a quantitative, survey-based approach, data were collected from 374 male employees across ethnically diverse districts (Lyari, Baldia, and Korangi) through purposive sampling. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) was employed for analysis. The study reveals that, contrary to expectations, ethical leadership may inadvertently contribute to ethnic harassment by reinforcing hierarchical structures, while destructive leadership predictably increases harassment. The findings suggest that ethnic harassment mediates the relationship between leadership styles and moral disengagement, where harassed employees become morally detached, rationalising unethical behaviour and engaging in further harassment. Moreover, collective moral identity was found to significantly moderate this relationship, reducing the proclivity for harassment among morally aligned groups. These results contribute to the literature on moral identity and provide empirical evidence on the effects of ethnic harassment in politically charged environments, such as Karachi. This data can inform future organisational policies to address ethnic tensions and promote ethical leadership practices.

This conceptual paper examines how corporate governance frameworks in high-risk sectors—banking, energy (oil and gas), aviation, and mining—interact with persistent ethical failures. Drawing on a systematic review of recent international and Ghanaian literature (2019–2025), it argues that compliance-oriented governance, while necessary, is insufficient to prevent misconduct rooted in deeper moral weaknesses. Integrating agency, stakeholder, stewardship, and moral-hazard theories with a theological understanding of the “nature of sin,” the paper develops a conceptual model linking governance mechanisms, moral weaknesses, ethical failures, and their effects on stakeholder trust and organisational integrity. The analysis highlights how cases such as the Ghana banking crisis and environmental degradation in the Niger Delta expose gaps between formal governance structures and lived ethical practice. The paper concludes with theoretical, managerial, and policy recommendations for embedding moral accountability and ethical culture within governance systems in order to strengthen ethical resilience in high-risk sectors across Ghana and comparable contexts.

Tele-health has revolutionized healthcare delivery by bridging geographical barriers and expanding access to timely medical services. In sports nursing, where rapid response, continuous monitoring, and specialized interventions are vital, telehealth provides an innovative solution to the challenges athletes face in receiving care. Athletes often require multidisciplinary support for injury management, rehabilitation, nutrition, and mental health, but access to specialized services is not always feasible, particularly in remote or underserved regions. This article examines the applications of telehealth in sports nursing, emphasizing its role in enhancing care accessibility, efficiency, and outcomes for athletes. Key areas explored include injury assessment and management, rehabilitation support, nutritional counseling, mental health services, and chronic condition monitoring. The paper also evaluates the benefits and limitations of telehealth, including technological challenges, data privacy concerns, and the importance of nurse training. Telehealth represents a paradigm shift in sports nursing, offering innovative solutions to expand access to care for athletes. Its applications range from injury management and rehabilitation to nutrition, mental health, and chronic disease monitoring. By eliminating geographical barriers, promoting timely care, and facilitating multidisciplinary collaboration, telehealth enhances both health outcomes and performance in athletes. Despite challenges such as technological barriers, privacy concerns, and limitations in physical assessment, the benefits of telehealth outweigh the drawbacks. Nurses, as frontline healthcare providers, play a central role in delivering telehealth services, educating athletes, and ensuring ethical practice. The integration of telehealth into sports nursing has the potential to redefine athlete care, ensuring that healthcare keeps pace with the dynamic and demanding nature of sports. The integration of telehealth into sports nursing practice holds significant promise for improving athlete well-being, reducing healthcare disparities, and fostering holistic, patient-centered care.

This study examines how secondary school principals in India perceive the implementation of the teachers’ code of ethics, considering variables such as gender, type of school, professional experience, and age. A cross‑sectional questionnaire‑based research design was employed, utilising a five‑point Likert scale to capture attitudes regarding teachers’ ethical practices. Data from 76 principals were analysed using descriptive statistics, independent‑samples t‑tests, and one‑way ANOVA in Jamovi software at a 95 per cent confidence level (p ≤ 0.05). The findings reveal no statistically significant differences in attitude scores across gender, school type, age group, or length of administrative experience. Overall, principals displayed a positive stance towards ethical conduct among teachers. The study contributes to educational ethics literature by contextualising school leaders’ perceptions and suggests professional development measures to reinforce ethical practices within Indian secondary education.

This study investigates the contribution of ethical leadership to strengthening school governance and improving learning outcomes in public secondary schools in Mkuranga District, Tanzania. Using a mixed-methods design, (qualitative and quantitative) parallel with exploratory sequential mixed method design to offer a comprehensive investigation on how ethical leadership practice contributes learning outcomes in public secondary school in Mkuranga District. Quantitative data through questionnaire were collected from teachers, students and School Board members to explore how ethical values such as transparency, integrity, fairness, and accountability shape governance practices and school performance. While qualitative data through interview were collected from school Heads and Ward Education Officer (WEO). Based on these findings, the data from quantitative techniques show that ethical leadership significantly improves resource management, teacher motivation, student discipline, and stakeholder trust. “Schools whose leaders demonstrated strong ethical commitment recorded higher student attendance, fewer behavioural problems, and improved academic achievement. The study concludes that ethical leadership is central to effective school governance and recommends leadership capacity-building, accountability mechanisms, and strengthened community participation to enhance the quality of education”. The findings from qualitative data from head of schools revealed that ethical leadership practices such as transparency, fair treatment of staff and students, and integrity in financial management were widely practiced in Mkuranga District.