Ethical Interpretation Research Articles

The Ethical Thought of the Bengal Renaissance:The Neo-Hindu Conceptions (1880–1910)

A development of ethical thought by Neo-Hindu philosophers in Nineteenth– early Twentieth century Bengal is depicted in the article based on hermeneutic readings of the texts by Bankimchandra Chattopaddhyay, Swami Vivekananda, Aurobindo Ghosh. From the one hand, Neo-Hindu philosophers continue Rammohun Roy’s line of criticism of Indian society’s moral condition, consciousness and conduct. From the other hand, they formed their own ethical conceptions to present Hindu normative ethics. The research demonstrated for the first time the becoming of Modern Indian ethics in the conceptions of Bengal Neo-Hindu thinkers who are the real founders of ethics as philosophical discipline in India. Growing up from indigenous ancient tradition of exegesis of scriptures, Neo-Hindu conceptions of ethics are the new adogmatic interpretation of the native religious ethics in broad context of Modernity. The Bengal Renaissance thinkers had made an intellectual breakthrough in Indian philosophy. The result of intellectual works are following: 1) bringing morality to the fore in dharma to differentiate ethical issue-area as meaningful in thought and practice; 2) definition of universality of Hinduism’ s moral consciousness in the core; 3) normative ethics along with its imperatives and rules had presented as established and fixed in ancient Hindu scriptures; 4) the ethical ideal was found in images of sages and epic heroes as well as in their teachings; 5) ethical norms and ideal are practically oriented for the criticism of society’s morals and future development.

Infusing courageous love for universal dignity and environmental response-ability through management education and learning: Inspired By Freire’s dream

Freire’s pedagogy is commonly applied to the education of those relegated to known dangerous socio-economic exploitation locally and globally. In contrast, we apply his concerns to ourselves as among the seemingly privileged humans on this Earth. Through this essay, we challenge uncritical assumptions embedded in the forms of The Global Market normalized (and only occasionally challenged) in much business school education. We personalize ‘The Global Market’ as a particular representation of ‘Moloch’, an ancient deity demanding human sacrifice. We depict ‘Democracy’ as Moloch’s Handmaiden. Informed by Freire’s emancipatory values, we offer a contribution to management education that is responsive to, responsible for and response- able in the realization of global justice exemplified in (but not unique to) the aspirations of the United Nations. We offer an interpretation of the radical ethics of Emanuel Levinas whose attention lies with those countless people he claims each of us to have responsibilities for. Applied to the field of management education, we reflect on whether the United Nations-led Principles for Responsible Management Education offer opportunities to progress Freire’s Pedagogy of Hope to enhance forms of management learning infused with courageous love for universal emancipation from Moloch’s harms, an emancipation we express as universal justice.

A Critical Interpretation of Ethics in Research

The moral standards that direct a person's behavior are known as ethics. Doing what is morally and legally correct in research is sometimes referred to as practicing research ethics. They are standards of behavior that set boundaries between what is morally correct and inappropriate. The article discusses the value of ethics in relation to organizing, carrying out, and disseminating research. Good Clinical Practice and several recommendations have been explored. The legal concerns that are pertinent to research procedures have been discussed in the essay. Researchers, ethics committees, and journal editors are just a few of the stakeholders who are very concerned about research misconduct and its consequences. The importance of research ethical awareness has been emphasized. Methodology: The material of research ethics has been collected from different, articles, authentic literatures, manuscripts, and authentic net sources, like NCBI, PubMed etc. Conclusion: For the researchers, a diligent mindset is crucial. To safeguard research participants from damage, it is crucial to uphold protocol compliance, informed consent processes, openness and integrity, confidentiality, and other standards.

MacIntyre’s Virtue Ethics: Philosophical Interpretation

This article provides a philosophical interpretation of MacIntyre's Virtue Ethics. Through a close analysis of key concepts such as telos, narrative unity, and the cultivation of virtues, the article aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of MacIntyre's ethical framework. Drawing on historical and interdisciplinary research, the article investigates the intellectual influences and historical context that shaped MacIntyre's Virtue Ethics, including his debt to Aristotle's Virtue Ethics. The article explores the similarities and differences between MacIntyre's Virtue Ethics and other ethical theories such as consequentialism and deontology. In particular, it highlights the unique features of MacIntyre's approach, including the emphasis on narrative unity and the importance of social practices. Further, the article examines the relevance of MacIntyre's Virtue Ethics in addressing pressing ethical challenges facing modern society. It argues that the cultivation of virtues and the emphasis on narrative unity can provide a framework for ethical decision-making in a world full of competing values and interests. Overall, this article offers a comprehensive and nuanced interpretation of MacIntyre's Virtue Ethics, demonstrating its continued relevance in the field of ethics and its potential for guiding individuals and commаnities towards a more ethical and meaningful existence.

Ethics of Artificial Intelligence in Education: Student Privacy and Data Protection

Rapid advances in artificial intelligence (AI) technology are profoundly altering human societies and lifestyles. Individuals face a variety of information security threats while enjoying the conveniences and customized services made possible by AI. The widespread use of AI in education has prompted widespread public concern regarding AI ethics in this field. The protection of pupil data privacy is an urgent matter that must be addressed. On the basis of a review of extant interpretations of AI ethics and student data privacy, this article examines the ethical risks posed by AI technology to student personal information and provides recommendations for addressing concerns regarding student data security.

Molefe on Wiredu's Humanistic Interpretation of Akan (African) Ethics

Abstract In his 2015 Theoria article titled ‘A Rejection of Humanism in African Moral Tradition’, Motsamai Molefe argues that Kwasi Wiredu's humanistic interpretation of traditional Akan ethics cannot be the best account of African ethics because Wiredu overlooks the significant sentiment in traditional African thought that regards reality as a holistic totality of spiritual, social and environmental components. I point out that Molefe's rejection of Wiredu's humanism follows from the latter's de-emphasising of supernaturalism. I argue that Molefe overlooks the fact that the displacement of God in this humanism is consistent with the limited God sentiment in traditional African thought, which confirms Wiredu's humanistic ethics as one rooted in traditional African worldviews. Adopting the method of philosophical exposition and analysis, I show how Wiredu's limited God framework motivates scepticism about the possibility of a supernaturalist ethics and renders a humanistic orientation a more attractive account of African moral tradition.

Can Virtue Ethics Derived from Neo-Aristotelianism be Perfectly Self-Explanatory

As a result of the rise of neo-Aristotelianism in recent times, the discussion of 'virtue' has led to the question of whether virtue ethics can exist as a sound system. Prior to this, there was no normative standard for 'virtue', deontology ignored human nature, and utilitarianism focused more on instrumental reason, ignoring the plurality of the 'good'. Anscombe defined 'virtue ethics' in his Modern Moral Philosophy, and Nussbaum built on this by arguing that goodness does not depend only on the rationality of the actor, but also on morality and institutions, and Hesterhaus provided a normative interpretation of virtue ethics from an Aristotelian standpoint. However, as virtue ethics defines and regulates virtue ethics, it is difficult to form a logically coherent system, as either virtue ethics is more or less connected to other ethics, and there are even contradictions between specific claims.

In All the Scriptures: The Three Contexts of Biblical Hermeneutics. By Nicholas G. Piotrowski

Nicholas G. Piotrowski provides a well-written introduction to biblical interpretation that will be of particular interest to readers from conservative evangelical backgrounds. Writing in very clear and engaging prose, Piotrowski argues that the key to legitimate and ethical interpretation is to interpret in light of three contexts: literary, historical, and Christological. Piotrowski makes very effective use of analogies from other fields, especially his background as a biology major and the study of ecosystems. He also makes good use of a series of helpful charts. After a brief introduction, chapter 1 provides ‘A Selective History of Hermeneutics’. A consistent theme is that interpretative approaches go astray when they conform to the reigning Zeitgeist (the term appears 17 times in the chapter). The Enlightenment is identified as ‘a time of skepticism vis-à-vis the truth claims of the Bible’ (p. 39), but one misses any recognition that the approach advocated in this book might also be indebted to the Enlightenment, especially its assurance that proper scientific methods will produce accurate and reliable results. Cultural developments to be resisted are more obvious than cultural developments to which the author is indebted.

The “High Disease”: Clinic and Literature (Russian Literature of the 1st Half of the 19th Century and Medicine)

The article examines cases of psychopathy, which occurred among Russian writers of the 1st half of the 19th century, in particular K.N. Batyushkov and P.Ya. Chaadaev, and the connection of the disease with their literary activity. The material from the history of Russian psychiatry is involved. At the same time, the development of the theme of insanity in the literature of this period, as well as in the early poetry of B.L. Pasternak, is studied in detail. The romantic nature and sources of such development in the works of V.F. Odoevsky, the influence of E.T.A. Hoffmans creativity are revealed. The romantic personification of the theme of madness is shown in N.A. Polevoys novels The Bliss of Madness, Emma and in N.F. Pavlovs novella Masquerade. The philosophical and ethical interpretation of the theme is noted in the poems of E.A. Boratynsky and F.I. Tyutchev, in the novels of A.I. Herzen Doctor Krupov, Damaged.

Two Concepts of Artificial Intelligence: Realistic and Utopian

The article analyzes modern concepts of artificial intelligence. The author suggests distinguishing between two main ones: utopian and realistic; in the first, it is argued that it is possible to create machines that think like a person and even better than him, in the second, intelligence is presented as a kind of psychobiological computer. An excursion into the history of the development of artificial intelligence is made, within the framework of which three approaches are considered that have had a serious impact on the development of this phenomenon: the reducinalist approach, psychological and computer. Artificial intelligence is compared with natural intelligence, the latter is considered as a complex semiotic, cultural and social education, involving human communication, development, filiation of ideas and techniques. The conclusion is made and justified, according to which the utopian concept of artificial intelligence cannot be implemented, although efforts to implement it will continue for a long time. One of the arguments here are contradictions in the ethical interpretation of artificial intelligence, which is discussed in the form of a virtual dialogue between the author and the designer of modern robots. On the contrary, the realistic concept is implemented in the form of a permanent project. There are practically no anthropological claims in this concept, and the concept of intelligence is reduced here, i.e. intelligence means imitation of only those established intellectual processes that can be modeled and algorithmized, which is a necessary condition for programming.

Pemaknaan Etika Jurnalisme Warga oleh Jurnalis Warga Tempo Witness di Wilayah Jawa Tengah

Awareness of the importance of conveying phenomena that are around us is in line with proficiency in utilizing information technology to shape citizens like journalists. The ease with which citizens become like journalists awakens the intention of citizens to uphold the truth by becoming citizen journalists. However, various implementations of citizen journalism ethics that are difficult to implement are actually a challenge in itself. It even creates a temptation to apply citizen journalism ethics. These challenges and temptations diverted their original intention as citizen journalists. They do not comply with the code of ethics that applies when carrying out journalistic activities. This research aims to explore the interpretation of citizen journalism ethics by citizen journalists of Tempo Witness in the Central Java region, which is the region with the highest intensity of sending news reports. Qualitative approaches, phenomenological methods, and symbolic interaction theory serve to explore the motives, experiences, and agreements of citizen journalists in implementing citizen journalism ethics. The results showed that the three informants interpreted the ethical aspects of citizen journalism morality well, they maintained good manners and maintained the quality of news reports. However, two out of three informants did not apply citizen journalism ethics by accepting gifts from the sources, in the form of money and goods.

The Case of Lucretia - Symbolizing the Political Reality

The myth of Lucretia, the wife of Collatinus, raped by Sextus Tarquinius – the son of the last Roman king – is very influential in the Classical and Medieval literature, likewise in the Modern times in the different fields of science and art. Its pristine form is now lost in the distant past and it is possible to compare the sources to see several layers of its political, legal, and ethical interpretation. Following these elaborations, we find a history of different legal institutions and rhetoric argumentation. However, with the help of archaeological findings some elements of its historical image starts to appear being the model family values and religious beliefs built in the foundation of common cultural forms in Italy.

Interpretation of Ethics in DeLillo’s Fiction

Interpretation of Ethics in DeLillo’s Fiction

Pragmatic and Idealist Public Accountants: Interpretation of Professional Ethics through Ricoeur's Hermeneutics

For the public accounting profession to remain viable, ethics is a crucial problem. This study aims to analyze professional ethics from a public accountant's viewpoint. In order to accomplish this, an approach based on Paul Ricoeur's hermeneutics is employed. According to Ricoeur, interpretation continues to be explained through conduct after understanding. The information was obtained through in-depth interviews with ten public accountants in Indonesia. Information about ethical transgressions will demonstrate consistency between public accountants' attitudes and actions. According to the study's findings, public accountants have various ethical perspectives. The idealist kind of public accountant views ethics as extending beyond compliance with the code of ethics and rules and grounds his behavior on the principles he believes in. The pragmatic type of public accountant limits ethics to compliance with the code of ethics and regulations. Different behaviors result from different understandings. While the idealistic public accountant can avoid unethical action, the pragmatic public accountant is easily drawn into it.

Religion-Based Business Ethics among African Muslim Small-Scale Businessowners in Guangzhou, China

Based on fourteen months of ethnographic research, this article examines how African Muslim migrants build and maintain religious-based business ethics, and how they apply these ethical business norms to help navigate their transnational lives in Guangzhou, China. Most of the African Muslim migrants explored in the article are small-scale businessowners who engage in semi-formal economic activities in both local and home markets. They face racial, cultural, and legal challenges on a daily basis. Unable to access formal means of support due to their precarious economic and legal status, many African Muslim small businessowners rely on informal business ethics to ensure a safe trading environment and mitigate risk. Their business ethics, I argue, are rooted in what I term “religious common ground”—the moral and ethical values shared among migrants from different Muslim groups. This article also explores the enforcing mechanisms of African Muslims small-scale businessowners’ business ethics, such as mosques and co-religion business networks. This article concludes that there is no universal, standard code of conduct among African Muslim businessowners in Guangzhou. Individuals among different Muslim communities have diverse interpretations of business ethics and practices them differently based on their nationality, ethnicity, religious habits, and socio-cultural background. This article contributes to a small but important literature that calls for the center role that religion plays in Muslim migrants’ business practices in a non-Muslim society.

Cossack Military Culture as Expressed in Folklore

The article presents main examples of Cossack military culture and his role in the daily lives of Kuban, Ural and Kazakh Cossack communities. The investigated material consists of a corpus of oral works (songs, proverbs), examples of rituals, elements of the physical education system and folk games. Cossack folk culture and traditions were based upon the fundament of military society. Its members placed their identity in the broader context of warfare, which they understood both as a source of income and glory, as both a practical and ethical interpretation of their historical role. The article's methodology is based on the functional analysis, ethnographic studies and comparative literature methods. Research on this aspect of Cossack culture is an important element of broader studies on Cossack identity. The analyzed materials shed light on the process of creating historical memories and identities of Cossack communities and fits into a wider range of Cossack studies. Keywords: Cossack folklore, military culture, Kuban Cossack, Kazakh Cossack, Ural Cossack.

Tracing the Trinity in doing practical theology

Tracing and reflecting on God should be an integral aspect of practical theological reflection. This article focuses on the Trinity as a way of speaking about the identity of God and how tracing it would inform doing practical theology. Practical theologians reflect in different ways on how they trace God. Using the hermeneutical process is essential in practical theology. Both Browning and Heitink explain the interaction between text and context, while Browning and Osmer opt for an ethical interpretation in engaging with the context. Root and Ward endeavour to focus more on the theological aspects of doing practical theology. Root focuses on Christopraxis and Ward on interpreting the Gospel within the current context. A discussion about the immanent Trinity and the social Trinity illustrates the complexity of tracing God in doing practical theology. The conversation needs to be taken further, by discussing three aspects – ecclesiology, hospitality and lived religion – as markers to illustrate the value of a trinitarian reflection for practical theology. Practical theology could benefit by tracing the Trinity and, in so doing, develop and enhance the theological character of the discipline. Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: The article focuses on the implications of tracing the Trinity in practical theology. A systematic theological reflection informs the discussion and opens a dialogue between the two disciplines. The theological nature of practical theology should be strengthened, enhancing a critical dialogue with social sciences regarding, for example, hospitality and lived religion.

Ambedkar, Buddhism, and Post-secularism: Inner Life, Politics, and Subalternity

The work of B. R. Ambedkar has spurred scholars and experts to rethink traditional assessments of both the secularization process and the relationship between religious and secular domains. Two generations ago, Ambedkar evoked conversion to Navayana Buddhism as an alternative to hierarchically ordered caste-based society. Through his landmark essay The Buddha and His Dhamma, he questioned studies on Dalit communities that saw them as trying to define their inner life solely as either a negative or mirror image of the standards set by caste-based norms. In the effort to retrieve the autonomy of the Dalit subject, Ambedkar brought to the forefront of his work that conversion was not simply opposition to the power structure of caste society but also meant to overthrow the false ideals that had historically distorted and degraded the Dalit self. The paper addresses some of the methodological questions in political philosophy and historiography that arise in Ambedkar’s thought regarding the analytical categories related to conversion. It begins with a provocation in its juxtaposition of categories from two different discourses: “subalternity” as a relational position in conceptualizing power and “post-secularism” as persistence or resurgence of religious beliefs or practices in the present. It then turns to examine the concept of “subalternity” to show whether it is a relevant lens to understand Dalit subjectivity and agency today. The paper argues that Ambedkar views conversion as a historical process turning away from a status of subalternity, or practices of exclusions, towards becoming individuals with agency, potentially full members of a political community. It also critically examines Ambedkar’s interpretation of Buddhist ethics as an intervention in the analysis of subalternity, showing that the religious ideology of dharma structures the caste order based on discrimination and exclusion. While displacing the explanatory principle of ritual hierarchy that unites Hindu society, Ambedkar addresses the egalitarian imaginary of modern politics that gives us an account of action based on democratic contest and resistance. The paper also explains why the move from Hinduism to Buddhist ethics by Ambedkar can, I argue, be constitutive of a post-secular ethic. Emotion and knowledge are not separate in Ambedkar’s social epistemology, but they draw heavily on the social transformation and importance of religion in people’s inner lives, which went along with conversion.

Zwischen Identität und Diskurs – Wege zur Gemeinschaft?

Abstract The article shows that with respect to increasing complaints about the social coldness of our current society and awareness of the urgent needs in the global south it should be clear that we need a moral motivation to solidarity beyond all legal regulations. While at first glance it may seem seducing to draw on the concept of community in the sense of Tönnies, it becomes quickly clear that this is much more dangerous but useful. As the application of universal ethics may be difficult in intercultural correlations, an interpretation of discourse ethics by Seyla Benhabib seems promising. The idea of identity may provide us with a number of insights, but it leads into a misinterpretation of democracy and, in the end, it is extremely dangerous for society if it is split into a growing number of identity groups.

Family involvement in nursing homes: an interpretative synthesis of literature.

BackgroundFamily involvement in nursing homes is generally recognized as highly valuable for residents, staff and family members. However, family involvement continues to be challenging in practice.AimTo contribute to the dialogue about family involvement and develop strategies to improve family involvement in the nursing home.MethodsThis interpretative synthesis consists of a thematic analysis and care ethical interpretation of issues regarding family involvement from the perspective of families in nursing homes reported in literature.FindingsThis study reveals the complexities of family involvement in the nursing home by drawing attention to the moral dimension of the issues experienced by families, as seen through the theoretical lens of Baier’s care ethical concept of trust as a theoretical lens. The synthesis of literature resulted in a thematic categorization of issues reported by families, namely, family–staff relationship, psychosocial factors and organizational circumstances. The care ethical interpretation of the synthesis of literature showed that the concept of trust resonates with all reported issues. Trust evolves over time. Early issues are mostly related to getting to know each other. Secondly, families want to experience that staff are competent and of good will. Difficult feelings families may have, such as guilt or loneliness, and dealing with the deterioration of the loved one puts families in a vulnerable position. This power imbalance between family and staff impedes a trusting relationship. Issues related to organizational circumstances, such as understaffing, also undermine families' trust in staff and the nursing home.Discussion and conclusionBaier’s theoretical concept of trust provides a deeper insight into the moral dimension of family involvement from the perspective of families in the nursing home. To improve family involvement in practice, we propose to aim future interventions at reinforcing trust in the relationship between family and staff as well as in the organizational context in which these care relationships occur.