Ethanolic Extract Of Root Bark Research Articles

Assessing anti oxidant, antidiabetic potential and GCMS profiling of ethanolic root bark extract of Zanthoxylum rhetsa (Roxb.) DC: Supported by in vitro, in vivo and in silico molecular modeling.

Zanthoxylum rhetsa (ZR) is used traditionally to manage a variety of ailments, including diabetes. Oxidative stress may accelerate the diabetic condition. The available antidiabetic and antioxidant drugs have many shortcomings including resistance, inefficiency, higher dose, side effects and costs. The goal of the current investigation was to assess the antioxidant capacity and antidiabetic activity of an ethanolic extract of Zanthoxylum rhetsa root bark (ZRRB) through in vitro, in vivo, and in silico methods. The antioxidant capacity of the ZRRB extract was measured using both the DPPH radical assay and the total antioxidant activity test. The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and alloxan-induced diabetic mice model were also used to examine in vivo antidiabetic efficacy. Phytochemicals identification was done by GCMS analysis. Additionally, computational methods such as molecular docking, ADMET analysis, and molecular dynamics (MD) modeling were performed to determine the above pharmacological effects. The extract demonstrated significant DPPH scavenging activity (IC50 = 42.65 μg/mL). In the OGTT test and alloxan-induced diabetes mice model, the extract effectively lowered blood glucose levels. Furthermore, in vitro inhibition of pancreatic α-amylase studies demonstrated the ZRRB extract as a good antidiabetic crude drug (IC50 = 81.45 μg/mL). GCMS investigation confirmed that the crude extract contains 16 major phytoconstituents, which were docked with human peroxiredoxin-5, α-amylase, and sulfonylurea receptor 1. Docking and pharmacokinetic studies demonstrated that among 16 phytoconstituents, 6H-indolo[3,2,1-de] [1,5]naphthyridin-6-one (CID: 97176) showed the highest binding affinity to targeted enzymes, and imitated Lipinski's rule of five. Furthermore, MD simulation data confirmed that the aforementioned compound is very steady to the binding site of α-amylase and sulfonylurea receptor 1 receptors. Findings from in vitro, in vivo and in silico investigation suggest that ZRRB extract contains a lead compound that could be a potent source of antidiabetic drug candidate.

Effect of Ethanolic Fraction of Anogeissus Leiocarpa on Renal Function in Wistar Rat

Objective : This study investigated the effects of acute administration of ethanolic extract of Anogeissus leiocarpa on renal function in Wistar rats.
 Materials and Methods : Wistar albino spawn and Anogeissus leiocarpa root bark were used as biological material for this study. The method employed was to administer single doses of ethanolic extract of Anogeissus leiocarpa root bark orally. Urine and blood samples were collected followed by measurement of renal markers (blood and urine urea and creatinine levels, urea and creatinine clearance).
 Results: Serum urea and creatinine levels were unchanged compared with controls. In contrast, extract and furosemide caused a significant (p < 0.001), dose-dependent increase in urinary creatinine. Ethanolic extract of Anogeissus leiocarpa, at doses of 300 and 500 mg/kg bw, significantly increased creatinine and urea clearance and thus glomerular filtration rate.
 Conclusion : Levels and clearances of urea and creatinine, kidney biomarkers, were not altered. This study shows that the extract is not nephrotoxic.
 Keywords : Anogeissus leiocarpa, glomerular filtration rate, nephrotoxic, urea, creatinine

Evaluation of Wound Healing Potential of Root Bark Extract of Berberis aristata and Molecular Docking Analysis of Berberis Phytoconstituents.

The root bark of Berberis aristata has been utilized by indigenous peoples for wound treatment for centuries. The mature root barks are crushed into a paste and applied to the wound's surface. The focus of this research is to analyse the wound healing activities of an ethanolic extract of Berberis aristata, as well as to use molecular docking to establish the likely mechanism of the potent phytochemical. There is no scientific evidence to support the usage of root bark extract of Berberis aristata. The Herbal ointment, which comprises (1%, 2%, and 4% w/w) ethanolic extract of root bark, was developed to test the wound healing ability of incision and excision wounds, and the molecular mechanism was established using Auto-Dock software. Epithelization stage, wound index, % wound contraction area, hydroxyproline content, DNA estimate, and histopathological assessments were performed on the incision wound model. Tensile strength was assessed in an excision wound model. TLC was used to identify the samples after successive extractions with different solvents based on polarity. Berberine and tetrahydropalmatine were major active phytoconstituent found in root barks of Berberis aristata as secondary metabolites. Animals treated with 4% w/w formulation demonstrated considerable wound contraction, epithelization time, and wound index in the excision model. In contrast, to control and standardize the concentrations of hydroxyproline, total amino acids, and DNA in recovering tissue were higher. At 4% w/w extract formulation, the parameters studied indicated a substantial result. Berberine and tetrahydropalmatine, active metabolites which are present in the ethanolic extract of Berberis aristata, were found to be responsible for wound healing. Based on ligand interactions, the findings verified Berberis aristata ethnomedicinal claim in a wound healing capacity.

Evaluation of the Antioxidant, Antidiabetic, and Anticholinesterase Potential of Biogenic Silver Nanoparticles from Khaya grandifoliola.

In recent years, plant-mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles has evolved as a promising alternative to traditional synthesis methods. In addition to producing silver nanoparticles with diverse biomedical potential, the biosynthesis approach is known to be inexpensive, rapid, and environmentally friendly. This study was aimed at synthesizing silver nanoparticles using ethanolic stem and root bark extracts of Khaya grandifoliola and highlighting the biomedical potential of the nanoparticles by evaluating their antioxidant, antidiabetic and anticholinesterase effects in vitro. Silver nanoparticles were prepared using ethanolic stem and root bark extracts of K. grandifoliola as precursors. The biogenic silver nanoparticles were characterized using UV-visible spectroscopy, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and energydispersive X-ray analysis. Furthermore, 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging, ferric ion reducing antioxidant power, and nitric oxide scavenging assays were used to determine the antioxidant property of the nanoparticles. The antidiabetic potential of the nanoparticles was determined by evaluating their inhibitory effect on the activity of α-amylase and α-glucosidase. The anticholinesterase potential of the nanoparticles was determined by assessing their inhibitory effect on the activity of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase. UV-visible spectroscopy showed surface plasmon resonance bands between 425 and 450 nm. Scanning electron microscopy revealed almost round nanoparticles with a maximum size of 91 nm. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy affirmed the role of the phytoconstituents present in K. grandifoliola as reducing and stabilizing agents. The biogenic silver nanoparticles showed remarkable antioxidant, antidiabetic, and anticholinesterase effects. Biogenic silver nanoparticles could be useful in biomedical and pharmacological applications.

Ziziphus abyssinica root bark extract ameliorates paracetamol-induced liver toxicity in rats possibly via the attenuation of oxidative stress

Ziziphus abyssinica root bark is widely used in folk medicine to manage liver diseases, particularly, jaundice but its effect on paracetamol-induced liver toxicity (PILT) has not yet been validated. This study explored the ameliorative effect of ethanolic root bark extract of Ziziphus abyssinica (ZAE) against PILT in rats. The flavonoid and phenolic content of ZAE was evaluated using Folin-Ciocalteau and aluminium trichloride colorimetric methods, respectively. Antioxidant activity of ZAE was determined in vitro by evaluating its ferrous reducing antioxidant capacity (FRAC) as well as DPPH and nitic oxide (NO) radicals scavenging activities. Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to six groups (n = 6) and administered with normal saline (10 mL/kg, p.o.), N-acetylcysteine (50 mg/kg, i.p.) and ZAE (30, 100, and 300 mg/kg, p.o.) respectively for seven days after which they received paracetamol (PCM, 3000 mg/kg, p.o.). Animals were sacrificed 48 h after paracetamol administration under light anaesthesia and assessed for liver toxicity and oxidative stress. Total flavonoid and phenolic contents of ZAE were 1313.425 µg/mL quercetin equivalence and 268.31 µg/mL gallic acid equivalence respectively. ZAE exhibited marked FRAC as well as DPPH and NO radical scavenging activities with IC50s of 80.41 ± 1.56, 67.56 ± 1.11 and 7.11 ± 1.48 μg/mL respectively. ZAE and N-acetylcysteine significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the paracetamol-mediated elevation of serum total bilirubin, proteins and activity of liver enzymes (AST, ALP, and ALT). Similarly, ZAE increased hepatic glutathione, total thiols and catalase activity of the paracetamol intoxicated rats. Morphological changes associated with the paracetamol hepatotoxicity were also ameliorated by ZAE. Overall, the hepatoprotective effect of ZAE may be related to its antioxidant property.

In vitro antioxidant and anti-arthritic effect of the aqueous and ethanolic leaf and root bark extract of Alafia barteri

Alafia barteri (Apocynaceae) is a climbing shrub having white or pink flowers. Traditionally, it has been used to treat diseases like malaria, sickle cell anemia, and eye infections. This research is focused on investigating the antioxidant and anti-arthritic activities of the aqueous and ethanol leaf and root extract of Alafia barteri plant in vitro. In-vitro antioxidant methods used were 2, 2 -diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay, reducing power activity and hydrogen peroxide scavenging assay while the anti-arthritic activity was studied using the assay method of protein denaturation. Results revealed that aqueous and ethanol root extracts scavenge free radicals, thus inhibiting damage caused by oxidative stress in arthritis while the ethanol extracts of both the leaf and roots had good anti-arthritic activities as seen in its ability to decrease protein denaturation.

Evaluation of In-Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Root Bark Extracts of Ventilago Maderspatana Gaertn

Ventilago maderspatana Gaertn. is a plant having enormous biomedical potential. It is a plant in the Indian system of medicine having a plethora of properties and applications and The root barks powder of Ventilago maderspatana Gaertn. have many properties and applications like it are used as a stomachic, tonic, carminative, stimulant. It is also useful in the treatment of weakness and fever. For further investigations of activities like anti-oxidant activity, In-vitro anti-oxidant studies were done on root bark extracts of Ventilago maderspatana Gaertn. (Family Rhamnaceae) by using standard methods like Lipid peroxidation Assay, Estimation of total anti-oxidant capacity (TAC), Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, Nitric oxide inhibition radical activity by p-Nitroso dimethyl aniline method, and ABTS Radical scavenging method. The root barks of plant Ventilago maderspatana Gaertn. Were subjected to cold maceration process in 3-liter Round bottom flask using ethanol and distilled water and nature and yield was noted and stored at 40C in the refrigerator until further use and both the extracts were labelled as Ventilago maderspatana Gaertn. Root Bark aqueous (VMRBA) and Ventilago maderspatana Gaertn. Root Bark Ethanolic (VMRBE) for convenient identification. Ethanolic extract of Root Bark showed the more potent anti-oxidant activity than aqueous Root Bark extract of Ventilago maderspatana Gaertn.

ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY AND PHYTOCHEMISTRY OF EXTRACTS FROM THE ROOT BARK OF CALOTROPIS PROCERA (AIT.) R. BR. HEPATOPROTECTIVE MEDICINAL PLANT FROM BURKINA FASO

Objective: This study aimed to assess the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties in vitro of Calotropis procera root bark.&#x0D; Methods: Anti-inflammatory activities of the ethanolic extract of root bark of C. procera and its fractions were evaluated on lipoxygenase and xanthine oxidase (XO). Antioxidant activity was evaluated by trapping the 2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), by the reducing power ferric reducing antioxidant power. Inhibitory powers of lipid peroxidation and of degradation of D-deoxyribose as well as the contents of phenolic and triterpene compounds were also evaluated.&#x0D; Results: Ethanolic extract showed interesting anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Butanol fraction which is one of richest fractions for flavonoids (17.38±0.13 mg EQ/10 g extracts) showed the best percentages for inhibitions of XO (60.14±4.89%), degradation of D-deoxyribose (81.04±0.77%), and the DPPH radical (71.43±6.35%). Dichloromethane fraction which is the richest in triterpenes (1067.02±5.77 mg UAE/g extracts) showed the best percentages for inhibitions of lipoxygenase (56.45±1.15%) and of lipid peroxidation (82.45±0.73%). Ethyl acetate and residual aqueous fractions, respectively, showed the best activities of inhibiting H2O2 (75.38±0.76%) and for iron-reducing capacity (23.51±1.69 mg EAA/g extracts).&#x0D; Conclusion: Ethanolic extract from C. procera root bark and its fractions, their particular the butanol and dichloromethane one, has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties which could prevent or attenuate liver injury and its complications.

Phytochemistry and anti-inflammatory activity of ethanolic root bark extract of Vepris nobilis Mziray (Rutaceae family)

Root bark powder of Vepris nobilis Mziray (family Rutaceae) collected from Mukura Sub-county, Ngora District, Eastern Uganda, about 300 km from the Capital City Kampala was extracted with 70% ethanol. Phytochemical analyses was carried out as well as in vivo anti inflammatory animal tests. The GC–MS analysis identified 37 compounds in the extract including fatty acids (45.08%), sesquiterpenes (40.38%), furaquinoline alkaloids (10.93%), a phenylpropanoid (2.37%) and a triterpenoid (1.31%). Interestingly, it revealed that at 400 and 600 mg of extract / kg of body weight, formalin induced paw oedema in mice was inhibited much better than by 25 mg of Diclofenac sodium /kg body weight. It was concluded that ethanolic root bark extract of V. nobilis has important phytochemicals that need to be evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity as potential lead compounds for anti-inflammatory drug development.

Preliminary Phytochemical Analysis and In vitro Antimicrobial Study of the Root and Stem Bark Extracts of Ficus sycomorus Linn

This study was conducted to carryout preliminary phytochemical analysis and in vitro antimicrobial activities of aqueous and ethanolic root and stem bark extracts of Ficus sycomorus. Qualitative phytochemical analysis for tannins, saponin, terpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides, steroids, phenols, and reducing sugar was done using standard methods. The antimicrobial activities of the extracts were tested against four micro- organisms; Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella dysentrae, and Salmonella typhi. Agar well diffusion method was used for the antimicrobial studies. Phytochemical screening of both root and stem bark aqueous extracts showed the presence of tannin, saponin, terpenoid, flavonoid, alkaloids, glycoside, steroid, reducing sugar, and phenol. Glycoside was not detected in both the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the root bark. The result of the antimicrobial studies showed that the aqueous root extract have higher antimicrobial activity ranging from (2-12 mm) on the tested microorganisms than aqueous stem bark extract (3-9 mm), while for ethanol extract both stem and root bark extract has almost the same effect or antimicrobial activity on the tested pathogens ranging from (2-15 mm) which is having higher activity compared to the aqueous extracts. The Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of both the extracts were found to be 50 mg/mL and 100 mg/mL respectively. From this study, it can, therefore, be concluded that the root and stem bark extract is a potential antimicrobial agent which support the claim of the traditional users of this plant in herbal medicine for the treatment of diseases that are of microbial origin.

Acalypha Wilkesiana 'Java White': Identification of Some Bioactive Compounds by Gc-Ms and Their Effects on Key Enzymes Linked to Type 2 Diabete.

In this study, we identified bioactive compounds from the ethanolic extracts of the leaves, stem bark and root bark of Acalypha wilkesiana through GC-MS analysis and investigated the effects of these extracts on some of the enzymes linked to type 2 diabetes. Plant parts were extracted sequentially with ethyl acetate, ethanol and water. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of long-chain alkyl acids, esters, ketones and alcohols including phytol and phytol acetate along with some secondary metabolites such as xanthone, vitamin E and various types of sterols including stigmasterol, campesterol and sitosterol. Ethanolic extracts of all the parts showed a dose- -dependent inhibition of α-glucosidase and α-amylase activity. The extracts also demonstrated anti-lipase activity. The ethanolic extract of root bark showed the highest inhibition of enzymes compared to other extracts. The EC50 values (concentrations for 50 % inhibition) of α-glucosidase, α-amylase and lipase inhibition were 35.75 ± 1.95, 6.25 ± 1.05 and 101.33 ± 5.21 μg mL-1, resp. The study suggests that A. wilkesiana ethanolic extracts have the ability to inhibit the activity of enzymes linked to type 2 diabetes. Further studies are needed to confirm the responsible bioactive compounds in this regard.

Bioactivity studies on Zanthoxylum budrunga wall (Rutaceae) root bark

BackgroundThe root-bark of the medicinally important plant Zanthoxylum budrunga (ZBRB) brooks a variety of uses in ethnobotanical and ethnomedicinal practice in Bangladesh and thus demands biological investigation to reveal its therapeutic potentiality. So, the present study was perpetrated to explore antioxidant, analgesic, antidiarrhoeal, and a cytotoxic activity of ethanolic root-bark extract of Zanthoxylum budrunga and was also to quantify the major bioactive polyphenolic constituents by HPLC analysis.MethodsTotal phenolic content was measured spectrophotometrically by using Folin Chiocalteu’s reagent while in vitro antioxidant activity was determined by means of 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay and reducing power assay. HPLC analysis was performed to identify and quantify the major bioactive polyphenolic constituents present in the extract. Acetic acid induced writhing test and hot-plate test were conducted to evaluate the analgesic activity of the crude extract. On the other hand, in vivo antidiarrheal potentiality was investigated by using experimentally castor oil induced diarrhoea in mice and brine shrimp lethality bio-assay was implemented to check the cytotoxic potentiality of the crude extract.ResultsZanthoxylum budrunga showed DPPH scavenging activity (IC50 54.27 μg/mL), while the total phenolic content was 647.91 mg GAE/100 g of extract. ZBRB also showed concentration dependent ferric reducing power activity. At the doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg, ZBRB exhibited statistically significant (P < 0.001) inhibition of writhing in test mice (64.58 and 77.78%, respectively). In hot-plate test, ZBRB, at the above dose levels, significantly (P < 0.001) prolonged pain threshold with response time of 5.80 and 6.81 s, respectively. In castor oil induced diarrhoeal episode in mice, ZBRB exhibited 66.56% and 83.39% inhibition of defecation at the doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg, respectively (P < 0.001). The LC50 (Median lethal concentration) value of ZBRB in brine shrimp lethality bioassay was found to be 21.84 μg/mL. In the HPLC analysis, (+)-catechin, caffeic acid and quercetin were detected with the concentration of 17.94 mg/100, 3.72 mg/100 and 11.95 mg/100 g of ethanolic extract of ZBRB, respectively.ConclusionThe results rationalize the uses of the plant in traditional medicine for diarrhoeal as well as pain management. Catechin, caffeic acid, and other phenolics constituents might have some function in the observed activity.

Antipsychotic and sedative effects of residual aqueous fraction of ethanol root bark extract of &lt;i&gt;Carissa edulis&lt;/i&gt; (Vahl) in mice

Carissa edulis (Vahl) (Family Apocynaceae) is used traditionally for the treatment of headache, gonorrhea, syphilis, rheumatism, epilepsy and mental disorders. This study investigated the antipsychotic and sedative effects of the residual aqueous fraction of ethanolic root bark extract of Carissa edulis using mice models: apomorphine-induced stereotypic climbing behaviour, amphetamine-induced hyperlocomotion in open field, walking beam assay for motor coordination deficit, hole board test for exploratory behavior and diazepam-induced sleep. The residual aqueous fraction (RAF) at 150, 300 and 600 mg/kg, produced significant dose dependent decrease (p<0.05) in stereotypic climbing behaviour induced by apomorphine; while at doses of 300 and 600 mg/kg, it produced a significant (p<0.05) reduction in locomotor activity induced by amphetamine. In addition, it exhibited (150, 300 and 600 mg/kg) significant dose dependent increase (p<0.05) in the time taken to cross the beam. Similarly, at doses of 300 and 600 mg/kg significantly (p<0.05) potentiated the duration of sleep, but there was no significant difference in the number of head dips in the hole board experiment. Therefore, the results of this study suggest that the residual aqueous fraction of Carissa edulis contains bioactive principles with antipsychotic and sedative property. Thus, justify the traditional use of the plant in mental illness. Keywords: Carissa edulis ; Antipsychotic; Sedative; Apomorphine; Amphetamine

Protective effect of Combretum Hypopilinum diels: Root bark extract against CCl4-Induced hepatotoxicity in wistar rats

Background: Combretum hypopilinum is used in Togolese traditional medicine to alleviate various ailments including hepatic disorders. Objective: This study evaluates the hepatoprotective activities of crude ethanolic extract of C. hypopilinum root bark (CECH) and its possible mechanism(s) of action in Wistar rats. Materials and methods: In vitro antioxidant potential was evaluated using DPPH, Ferric-reducing power and hydroxyl radical scavenging assays. Hepatoprotective activity was assessed using CCl4-induced acute hepatotoxicity in rats. Animals were pretreated orally with different doses of CECH (200 and 400 mg/kg) once daily for 7 consecutive days and were subjected to intraperitoneal single injection of CCl4 (1 mL/kg). Serum markers of hepatic damage, hepatic endogenous antioxidants, NO, TNF-α and lipid peroxidation contents were measured out. Results: The pretreatment with CECH significantly decreased levels of hepatic enzymes (p < 0.05, p < 0.01, p < 0.001) and MDA in pretreated rats (p < 0.05, p < 0.01). CECH restored the decreased levels of hepatic antioxidants including SOD (p < 0.01), CAT (p < 0.05 at 400 mg/kg) and GSH (p < 0.05 at 400 mg/kg) and significantly inhibited hepatic production of NO (p < 0.05, p < 0.01).as well as the level of TNF-α (p < 0.001) in pretreated rats. Protective effects of CECH were confirmed by histopathological examinations. CECH exhibited antioxidant in vitro and contains also total phenol and flavonoid. Conclusion: This study suggests that CECH protected the liver from CCl4-induced hepatic damage possibly via antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Abbreviations Used: CECH: Crude ethanolic extract of combretum hypopilinum root bark, CCl4: Carbon tetrachloride, DPPH: 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, AlCl3: Aluminum chloride, ALT: Alanine aminotransferase, AST: Aspartate aminotransferase, LDH: Lactate dehydrogenase, ALP: Alkaline phosphatase, TC: Total cholesterol, TG: Triglycerides, TB: Total bilirubin, TP: Total protein, MDA: Malondialdehyde, SOD: Superoxide dismutase, CAT: Catalase, GSH: Glutathione, NO: Nitric oxide.

Adverse Potentials of Herbal Administration of Ethanolic Root Bark and Leaf Extracts of Rauwolfia vomitoria on Cerebellar Cytoarchitecture of Wistar Rats

Adverse Potentials of Herbal Administration of Ethanolic Root Bark and Leaf Extracts of Rauwolfia vomitoria on Cerebellar Cytoarchitecture of Wistar Rats

Antimalarial Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Root Bark of Salacia nitida L. Benth in Mice Infected with Plasmodium berghei

Antimalarial Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Root Bark of Salacia nitida L. Benth in Mice Infected with Plasmodium berghei

Antiplasmodial activity of the ethanolic root bark extract of Icacina senegalensis in mice infected by Plasmodium berghei.

The root of Icacina senegalensis is used for the treatment of malaria and related conditions in southeastern Nigeria. To establish its efficacy, the ethanolic root bark extract was investigated as antiplasmodial agent against Plasmodium berghei in mice. A 4-day suppressive test and the curative effect against established infection models of antiplasmodial studies were used. The root bark extract of I. senegalensis (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) exhibited a significant (p<0.05) dose-dependent activity against the parasite based on suppressive and curative study. The antimalarial effect of I. senegalensis is compared with that of chloroquine (10 mg/kg), the standard drug. The ethanolic root bark extract also prolonged the survival time of infected mice. The results showed that the root bark extract possesses a potential antiplasmodial activity, which can be exploited for the possible development of new antimalarial agent.

Bioactivity guided isolation of oxypregnane-oligoglycosides (calotroposides) from the root bark of Calotropis gigantea as potent anticancer agents

Bioactivity guided isolation of oxypregnane-oligoglycosides (calotroposides) from the ethanolic extract of root bark ofCalotropis gigantea(L.) Dryand. with purple flowers has been performed and isolated pure compounds has been evaluated for anticancer activity.

Antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects of ethanolic root bark extract of Icacina senegalensis in rodents

To investigate the ethanolic root bark extract of Icacina senegalensis for antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities in rats and mice. Acetic acid-induced abdominal constriction and tail immersion tests were used to evaluate the antinociceptive activity of the extract. Egg albumin and carrageenan-induced paw oedema were used to study the anti-inflammatory activity, whereas the anti-pyretic studies were evaluated on yeast and amphetamine-induced pyrexia. The root bark extract (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) significantly (P

상백피로부터 α-Glucosidase 저해제의 분리 및 동정

ABSTRACT Among the four different parts of mulberry ( Morus alba L.) tree, ethanol extract of Morus root bark showed the highest α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (IC 50 =12.01 μg/mL). Bioassay-guided fractionation of the ethanolic extract of root bark by Diaion HP-20, silica gel, ODS-A, and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatographies led to the isolation of four compounds, including Compound (Comp.) 1 (IC 50 =5.22 μg/mL), Comp. 2 (IC 50 =1.78 μg/mL), Comp. 3 (IC 50 =2.94 μg/mL), and Comp. 4 (IC 50 =1.54 μg/mL) with strong α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. Their chemical structures were elucidated as morusin (Comp. 1), kuwanon H (Comp. 2), chalcomoracin A (Comp. 3), and chalcomoracin B (Comp. 4) by UV and NMR spectral analyses. These results suggest that prenylflavonoid and mulberrofuran of Morus root bark may be useful as potential therapeutic agents for diabetes. Key words: Morus root bark, α-glucosidase inhibitors, morusin, kuwanon H, chalcomoracin A & BReceived 3 March 2015; Accepted 22 April 2015 Corresponding author: Sang Won Choi, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan,Gyeongbuk 712-702, Korea E-mail: swchoi@cu.ac.kr, Phone: +82-53-850-3525