Ethanol Extract Of Flowers Research Articles

Antibacterial Activity in Ethanol Extract of Kersen Flowers (Muntingia calabura L.) Against Bacteria Causing Gastrointestinal Tract Infections Using the Agar Diffusion Method

The increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance necessitates the exploration of alternative treatments such as medicinal plants. This study evaluates the antibacterial potential of Kersen flowers (Muntingia calabura L.) against pathogens causing gastrointestinal infections. Aimed at determining the antibacterial effectiveness of ethanol extracts from Kersen flowers, the research tests the activity against Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Vibrio cholerae, and Shigella dysenteriae. Employing the agar diffusion method, various concentrations of the extract (0.05% to 10%) were analyzed. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) were also assessed to identify the lowest effective concentrations. The ethanol extract demonstrated significant antibacterial activity; notably, the largest inhibition zone measured 30.74 mm at a concentration of 10%. Effective MICs were as low as 0.1% for all tested bacteria, while MBCs ranged from 0.1% to 0.4%. These results suggest that ethanol extracts of Kersen flowers exhibit potent antibacterial properties against major gastrointestinal pathogens, supporting further exploration of these extracts as a natural antibacterial treatment and offering a potential alternative to conventional antibiotics.

Antibacterial Activity Test of Ethanol Extract of Torch Ginger Flowers (Etlingera elatior) Against Streptococcus Pyogenes Bacteria Causing Pharyngitis Disease in Vitro

Background: In Indonesia, practically everyone has experienced pharyngitis, an illness with a relatively high prevalence. Coughing, sore throat, and trouble swallowing are all symptoms of pharyngitis. According to the WHO, pharyngitis can be caused by a range of species, with viral and bacterial infections being the most prevalent. The goal was to investigate the antibacterial activity of kecombrang flower extract in an ethanol solvent against microorganisms that cause pharyngitis, specifically Streptococcus pyogenes. Methodology: This study was conducted utilizing laboratory experimental procedures. Bacteria were cultivated on nutrient agar media, and 70% ethanol was used to extract kecombrang blossoms. The test was conducted out using the diffusion method, which involved soaking paper discs in a solution of kecombrang flower extract at concentrations of 20%, 40%, and 60% before placing them in NA media. As a positive control, amoxicillin was utilized. The incubation procedure took 24 hours and was carried out at 370 degrees Celsius. Three inhibitory zone measurements were performed on each extract and positive control. Results: This experiment revealed that the inhibition zone generated by kecombrang flower extract as an antibacterial was an average of 9 mm at a concentration of 20%, 11.6 mm at a concentration of 40%, 12.8 mm at a concentration of 60%, and 14.8 mm at the positive control, 100 mg amoxicillin tablets. Conclusion: The results show that kecombrang flower extract has antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pyogenes bacterium and is considered strong. The best ethanol extract of kecombrang flowers is at a concentration of 60%. Statistical analysis using One Way Annova revealed significant differences between treatments (p<0.05). To confirm, a Post Hoc Tukey (HSD) test was used.

Manufacture of Bioplastics Prepared from Chitosan Functionalized with Callistemon citrinus Extract.

The exploration of natural resources in bioplastics has advanced the development of bio-based materials. Utilizing the casting, chitosan (CH)-based films were manufactured with different glycerol (GLY) percentages (from 0 to 50% w/w of CH) and anthocyanin-enriched fractions (from 0 to 5% of w/w CH) of acidified ethanol extract of Callistemon citrinus flowers (CCE). Callistemon citrinus is an ornamental plant known for its bioactive compounds endowed with health benefits. The hydrocolloid films showed promising mechanical properties. The 30% GLY + 5% CCE film achieved an elongation at break of 57.4%, comparable to the 50% GLY film while possessing enhanced tensile strength and Young's modulus. The CCE, rich in antioxidants, acted as a plasticizer, improving films' flexibility and manageability. The films exhibit hydrophilic characteristics with moisture content and uptake values reflecting their water-absorbing capacity, while films with 30% GLY and 5% CCE exhibit enhanced hydrophobicity. In addition, CCE characterization reveals significant polyphenol content (734.45 mg GAE/g), highlighting its antioxidant capacity. Moreover, CCE supplies remarkable antioxidant properties to the films. These findings suggest the potential of these bioplastics for industrial applications as a sustainable solution to traditional plastics and in reducing environmental impact while preventing oxidative reactions in packaged products.

Cytotoxicity, pro-inflammatory cytokines gene expression and antioxidant activity of Acmella oleracea extract treated with active charcoal

This work reports for the first time the evaluation of the cytotoxicity and inflammatory potential of Acmella oleracea extract treated with active charcoal in THP-1 monocytes. A. oleracea flower ethanolic extract was treated with 4% activated charcoal (TCEE). Later, THP-1 human monocyte cytotoxicity assay was performed using resazurin fluorometric method. Gene expression of inflammatory cytokines in THP-1 cells were evaluated through RT-PCR by ΔΔCt method using IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF genes primers. Finally, antioxidant assay was carried out with DPPH radical scavenging method. TCEE had a LD50 of 592.5 µg/mL and did not induce pro-inflammatory gene expression in THP-1 cells after 6 h of treatment. Lastly, TCEE (AA% of 69.4 ± 1.4%) and CEE (AA% of 63.0 ± 0.9%) showed moderate antioxidant activity. A. oleracea treated flower extract showed low cytotoxicity in THP-1 monocytes and does not induce inflammation in THP-1 cells, in addition to presenting antioxidant potential.

Spray Preparation Nanoemulsion Containing Butterfly Pea Flower (Clitoria ternatea L) Ethanol Extract as an Antiaging Nanocosmetic

Spray Preparation Nanoemulsion Containing Butterfly Pea Flower (Clitoria ternatea L) Ethanol Extract as an Antiaging Nanocosmetic

Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Sun Flower (Tithonia diversifolia) on the Prevention of Coccidiosis in Broiler Chickens on Natural Infestation

Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Sun Flower (Tithonia diversifolia) on the Prevention of Coccidiosis in Broiler Chickens on Natural Infestation

Protective effect of Phlogacanthus thyrsiflorus Nees against experimentally induced gastric mucosal lesions in rats: Experimental evidence from biochemical and histological analysis

Phlogacanthus thyrsiflorus Nees (Acanthaceae) is traditionally used in the North East Himalayan region to treat stomach issues, including gastritis. This study aimed to investigate the gastroprotective effect of 70% aqueous ethanol extract of Phlogacanthus thyrsiflorus flowers (PTE), standardized by HPTLC and LC-MS/MS, and to establish its possible mechanisms. The gastroprotective effect of PTE, at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight, was evaluated using both physical (pylorus ligation, PL; cold restraint stress, CRS) and chemical (ethanol, EtOH) ulcerogens-induced gastric ulcers in Wistar rats. Animals were randomly divided into control, ulcer control, positive control and PTE-treated groups, with PTE administered orally twice daily for 5 days. The protective effect of PTE was assessed through various gastric ulcer parameters, including gastric pH, gastric wall mucus, non-protein sulfhydryls (NP-SH) content, microvascular permeability, endogenous antioxidant markers, and gastric histopathology. HPTLC and LC-MS/MS confirmed the presence of gallic acid, naringenin, β-sitosterol and ascorbic acid in PTE. The active components of PTE showed significant dose-dependent inhibition of ulcer index, with reductions of 28.59-50.03% in PL, 27.69-53.23% in EtOH and 31.14-57.53% in CRS models (P< 0.01). Additionally, PTE at 400 mg/kg significantly increased gastric pH by 23.41%, mucus content by 33.69%, and NP-SH levels by 37.24%. PTE also demonstrated significant antioxidant potential and histopathological studies confirmed its protective effect. The study suggests that the anti-ulcer effect of PTE may be attributed to its ability to preserve adhered gastric mucus, exhibit antisecretory effects, and scavenge free radicals.

Determination Of Total Flavonoids Extract of White (Magnolia Alba (Dc.) Figlar) Using Spectrophotometry UV-Vis Method

Flavonoids are a group of secondary metabolites produced by plants that have the potential to influence pharmacological activity. This study aims to determine the total flavonoid content of the ethanol crude extract of white cempaka flowers (Magnollia alba(DC.) Figlar) using the UV-Vis spectrophotometry method. This study used colorimetric and spectrophotometric methods using quercetin as a comparison. The qualitative test research results proved that cempaka putih (Magnolia alba (DC.) Figlar) flowers contain flavonoid coumpound. Then a maximum wavelength of 432 nm is obtained with an absorbance of 0.1236, the absorbance calculation for each quercetin concentration and the sample is calculated using a maximum wavelength of 432 nm. Based on the linear regression equation obtained from the standard quercetin curve, the total flavonoid content of the crude ethanol extract of cempaka putih flowers with 3 different concentration variations, at a concentration of 100 ppm, the results obtained for the total flavonoid content were 276,83 ± 17,7 mgQE/g, 500 ppm. total flavonoid levels of 105,189 ± 8,16 mgQE/g, 1000 ppm obtained total flavonoid levels of 79,115 ± 8,33 mgQE/g.

Potensi Bunga Anggrek Cymbidium Golden Boy sebagai Sumber Antioksidan dan Aplikasinya pada Flower Leather

Orchid flowers are believed to be an antioxidant source, however, the antioxidant activity of the Cymbidium Golden Boy (CGB) orchid has not been identified. The antioxidant potential can be applied to flower leather products, and a main reason behind the idea is the valorization of agricultural waste. The aim of this research is to study phenol content and antioxidant capacity of ethanol extracts of CGB orchid petals. Additionally, this study aimed to determine the best formulation for flower leather products with a combination of carrageenan and gum arabic based on organoleptic acceptance. This research was conducted by extracting CGB orchid flowers using ethanol, and total phenol and antioxidant activity of the extracts were determined. Moreover, the flower leather products were mad from CGB orchid flowers as the raw material, accroding to a Factorial Randomized Block Design using two factors as follows: carrageenan concentration (0, 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7%) and gum arabic concentration (0.9, 1.2, and 1.5%). Flower leather samples were analyzed for moisture content, tensile strength, total dissolved solid, color intensity, and sensory. The ethanol extract of CGB orchid flowers showed antioxidant capacity up to 23.88 ppm and high phenolic content which is equal to 15.32 mg GAE/g. The differences between carrageenan and arabic gum concentration showed significant effect on water content and dissolve solid, but they did not affect on tensile strength and color intensity. The best treatment of flower leather according to panelist evaluation was those prepared from carrageenan 0.5% and arabic gum 0.9%, reaching tensile strength 4.86 N, brightness level (L) 40.1, (a+) +5.7, (+b) 23.7, water content 19.18%, aroma score 3.76 (slight flowery), taste 4.84 (pleasant), and texture 4.56 (approaching chewiness).

Antidiabetic and antioxidant activity of Clitoria ternatea flower extracts and fractions on blood glucose and MDA in rats induced by alloxan

Background: Clitoria ternatea, rich in anthocyanins with antioxidant properties, can help prevent oxidative stress and reduce complications associated with diabetes mellitus (DM). Objective: To investigate the antidiabetic and antioxidant properties of the ethanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction of Clitoria ternatea in rats induced by Alloxan. Method: Ethanol extract from Clitoria ternatea was fractionated with ethyl acetate and then screened for phytochemicals using TLC. Antidiabetic and antioxidant activities were evaluated on alloxan-induced hyperglycemic rats at 150 mg/kgBW and 300 mg/kgBW, respectively. Result: The Clitoria ternatea flower's ethanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction had a flavonoid content of 68.003±0.366 mg QE/g and 78.767±0.262 mg QE/g, respectively. The ethyl acetate fraction, administered at 300 mg/kg BW, showed a 45.5986 mg/dl reduction in blood glucose levels, not significantly different from the positive control (acarbose (p = 0.14). The ethyl acetate fraction showed a significant reduction of 76.5% in MDA levels, similar to quercetin as a positive control (p = 0.275). Conclusion: Clitoria ternatea showed antidiabetic and antioxidant properties in alloxan-induced rats.

Screening of Anti-inflammatory and Antimicrobial activity on Flower Extracts of Morinda coreia Buch Ham.

Objectives: Morinda coreia has rich active components which has been used in folk medicine for the treatment of several diseases. Their active substance content may vary according to plant genetics, parts used,as well as to climatic factors, quality of the ground in which the plants were grown, the time of harvesting, and the extraction methods. Basically the flowers can heal the common cold, improve memory, aid relaxation due to presence of volatile oil. Flowers could be used as a new approach for the development of nutraceutical products or functional foods. The flower part of this plant are not documented. To develop and apply it, we report Pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial activity. Methods: The extracts were prepared by cold maceration process with aqueous and organic solvents such as ethanol and ethyl acetate. The anti-inflammatory activity were evaluated using carrageenan-induced paw edema method and the antimicrobial activity by agar well diffusion method. Results: The maximum zone of inhibition for Bacillus subtilis was found to be more susceptible toward the ethanolic extract (14mm) at the maximum conc. of 300µl followed by ethyl acetate (10mm) and aqueous extract (12mm). Similarly for Klebsiella pneumonia maximum inhibitory zone (13mm) followed Pseudomonas auroginosa (13mm), Staphylococcus aureus (12mm), Candida albicans was moderate sensitive towards ethanolic extract (11mm) Conclusion: The ethanolic extract of Morinda coreia flower possessed high anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial activity than ethyl acetate and aqueous extracts on comparing with standards.

Butterfly Pea (Clitoria ternatea L.) Flower Water and Ethanol Extract: Phytochemical Screening, FTIR Analysis, and Antioxidant Activity Estimation using comparison of ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP Assays

Background: The community has empirically employed butterfly pea flower, one of the species, extensively as a traditional beverage with pharmacological benefits. The flavonoid content of these plants, particularly the anthocyanins, is assumed to be the source of the pharmacological effects. The content of the extract to be obtained will be impacted by the variation in solvent polarity. In this investigation, the butterfly pea flowers will be extracted utilizing the solvents of water and Ethanol. Objective: The goal of this study was to qualitatively assess the content of butterfly pea petal extract in water and ethanol solvents using phytochemical screening and FTIR analysis, followed by testing for antioxidant activity using three different methods, including ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP. Method: The extraction with water and ethanol solvents, phytochemical screening tests, antioxidant activity testing with DPPH assay, antioxidant capacity testing with ABTS, and quantitative FRAP assays utilizing UV-Vis spectrophotometry are all steps of this study. Results: When tested for antioxidant activity, ethanol extract produced IC50 of 113.31 0.142ppm and water extract produced IC50 of 86.67 0.485 ppm, placing water extract in the strong category and ethanol extract in the medium category. Using the FRAP assay, the antioxidant capacity of water extract and ethanol extract from butterfly pea flowers was tested, and the results were 52.8957 0.0881mgQE/g extract and 32.0051 0.0441mgQE/g extract, respectively. The antioxidant capacity test of the butterfly pea flower's ethanol and water extracts was performed using the ABTS assay, and the results were 71,497 3.29mgQE/g extract and 114,195 0.279mgQE/g extract, respectively. Conclusion: The water dan ethanol extract of butterfly pea flowers differs from one another in terms of antioxidant activity and phytochemical composition.

Wound healing potential of a formula based on Populus nigra L. flower buds extract with anti-inflammatory activity

Ethnopharmacological relevanceWound healing is a complex and dysnamic process supported by a myriad of cellular events that are tightly coordinated to repair efficiently damaged tissue. Populus nigra L. (Salicaceae) flower buds are traditionally used in the treatment of dermatitis, upper respiratory tract infections, rheumatism and wounds. Aim of the studyThe aim of this study was to assess the wound healing potential of black poplar ointment containing 10 or 20 % of Populus nigra ethanolic flower buds extract using the excision model in rats. Materials and methodsTwo ointments (10 and 20 %) were prepared from Populus nigra flower buds ethanolic extract and topically applied on the area of excised skin of the rats for either 14 or 20 days. Morphological, macroscopic, histological and biochemical parameters were evaluated. ResultsThe results showed that the extract contained high amounts of total phenols (89.5 ± 7.7 mg caffeic acid equivalent/g of extract) and hydrolysable tannins (142.05 ± 2.55 mg tannic acid equivalent/g of extract), in correlation with strong DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity and beta-carotene bleaching with values of 96.31 ± 3.42 and 85.27 ± 1.79 %, respectively. Anti-inflammatory potential was illustrated by lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase inhibition (52.80 ± 0.2 and 53.88 ± 2.55 %, respectively). Treatment with Populus nigra ointment (10 and 20 %) promoted wound contraction of 97.37 ± 1.19 and 97.28 ± 0.91 %, respectively. The antioxidant marker enzymes, catalase (0.10 ± 0.001; 0.08 ± 0.003 U/mg protein) and superoxide dismutase (363.34 ± 24.37; 317.82 ± 53.83 U/mg protein) activities in the granulation tissues were upgraded with respective treatments of 10 or 20 % ointment. Concurrently, the myeloperoxidase activity (2.21 ± 1.01; 2.13 ± 0.75 U/mg protein) was repressed, indicating anti-inflammatory potential, when compared to untreated, standard and excipient groups. Moreover, a significant increase in respective levels of hydroxyproline (p < 0.001) (28.05 ± 1.20; 25.29 ± 1.17 μg/mg tissue) and hexosamine (p < 0.05) (20.18 ± 1.21; 18.95 ± 1.98 μg/mg tissue) was triggered, reflecting a high regeneration of collagen in the scarred tissue. Histological examination of treated skin tissue revealed higher rates of re-epithelialization, lower neutrophils infiltration and re-vascularization in comparison to the control group. ConclusionGiven that the 10 % ointment was the optimal concentration, our findings offer an efficient drug formula for wound healing.

Potentialities of Dandelion (Taraxacum Mongolicum Hand.-Mazz.) Flower Extracts on Gastric Protection against Helicobacter Pylori and Characterization of its Bioactive Constituents.

Dandelion has been shown to exert anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial effects. Our study aimed to identify the effect and mechanism of dandelion flower extracts on H. pylori-induced gastritis and screen for novel antimicrobial substances. Anti-H. pylori activities of water extracts(WEDF) and ethanol extracts (EEDF) of dandelion flowers were performed with disk diffusion method assay, MIC, and MBC. The H. pylori-induced model was constructed to examine the gastroprotective of EEDF using RUT, pathological analysis, and ELISA. EEDF exhibited better anti- H. pylori and urease inhibition activities than WEDF. In vivo studies, EEDF can reduce the adhesion of H. pylori to the gastric mucosa, alleviate gastric damage, and concurrently reduce the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in gastric tissues. The six phenolic compounds showed urease inhibition effect (IC50: 2.99±0.15 to 66.08±6.46 mmol/mL). Among them, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, and luteolin also had anti-H. pylori activity (MIC: 64-256 μg/mL). EEDF exhibited anti-H. pylori, gastroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects. Chicoric acid and luteolin may be the main active compounds of dandelion flowers to exert anti-H. pylori, and worthy of further investigation.

Antioxidant potential and polyphenol content in different parts of Graptophyllum pictum extracts.

The antioxidant potential of Graptophyllum pictum (wungu leaves), an indigenous shrub plant extensively used in traditional medicine in Indonesia, was investigated in this study. The research focused on a comprehensive evaluation of total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) across various plant parts, including roots, stems, and flowers, which had been underexplored in prior studies. The ethanol extract derived from wungu flowers and leaves demonstrated notable antioxidant potential, characterized by elevated TPC (12.22 ± 0.31 mg GAE/g DW) and FRAP (37.73 ± 1.08 μmol TEAC/g DW) in the ethanol extract of wungu flowers. Similarly, the ethanol extract of wungu leaves showcased a substantial TFC (2.31 ± 0.18 mg QE/g DW) and DPPH (1.12 ± 0.05 μmol TEAC/g DW), surpassing other parts of the wungu plant in the same or different extracts. These findings suggested that ethanol extracts were a promising foundation for herbal medicines with antioxidant properties, highlighting their potential applications in plant breeding programs. Furthermore, the correlation data underscored the significance of the ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts, revealing a robust correlation between TPC, TFC, and FRAP compared to the n-hexane extract.

The Ethanolic Extract of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat Flower Activates Parasympathomimetic and Anti-inflammatory Effects for Prevention of Presbyopia

The Ethanolic Extract of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat Flower Activates Parasympathomimetic and Anti-inflammatory Effects for Prevention of Presbyopia

Calliandra haematocephala’s phytochemical analysis and antifungal effectiveness against fish pathogen in the lake of Bhopal

Aquaculture has been a major part of our Economy from ancient times and antimycotic resistant fish illnesses have emerged as a major threat in aquaculture from a very long time. As routinely used anti-fungal medications have become less effective and traditional medicinal herbs have been identified as a possible medication source that can counteract antifungal resistance. The current study will look at the antifungal efficacy of leaf and flower extracts of the nutritional and traditional medicinal plant called Calliandra haematocephala against 3 common fish fungal pathogens (Achlya, Saprolegnia and Aphanomyces) that were isolated from Lower Lake of Bhopal (M.P.) and causes illness in fishes present in Lower Lake, Bhopal (M.P.). The leaves and flowers of Calliandra haematocephala were extracted sequentially with ethanol as a solvent, and the presence of possible phytoconstituents was qualitatively evaluated. Flavonoids, phenol, alkaloids, carbohydrates, tannins and saponins were present in both flowers and leaves and steroids were found exclusively in the ethanolic extract of the leaf only not in flower extract. The antifungal activity of ethanolic extract was determined using the agar well diffusion technique. The ethanolic fraction of the flower demonstrated a wide range of activity against fish pathogens, with a maximal inhibitory or clearance activity against Saprolegnia in a amount of 20 μL (4 mm) and in leaves it showed maximum clearance zone in Achlya and Saprolegnia in 20μL (4 mm). In conclusion, Calliandra haematocephala’s extracts consist of potential secondary metabolites that might be employed as antifungal treatments for 3 prevalent fish Pathogens, and the leaf ethanolic extracts have more inhibitory efficacy than the flower ethanolic extract.

Tegumental surface change in Paramphistomum epiclitum caused by Bombax ceiba flowers and black pepper seed extract

Rumen flukes, parasites of the superfamily Paramphistomoidea, are found in cattle rumen. Heavy infections can cause symptoms such as diarrhea, weight loss, and poor body condition, resulting in a decrease in milk and meat production. This study compares the tegumental surface change of Paramphistomum epiclitum as a response to ethanolic extracts of Bombax ceiba flowers and black pepper seeds. Adult flukes were subjected to various concentrations of crude extracts, including 12.5, 25, 50, 100, and 200 μg/mL for 12, 18, and 24 h incubation. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) exhibited that the ethanolic extracts of both Bombax ceiba flowers and black pepper seeds caused tegumental surface changes in adult P. epiclitum. Based on the results, Bombax ceiba flower extract has anthelmintic activity, compared with black pepper seed extract, towards adult P. epiclitum due to the deformation of the tegument at lower concentrations than black pepper extract.

Formulation of lotion ethanolic extract of rosella flower petals (Hibiscus sabrariffa L.) and antioxidant activity

Rosella flowers (Hibiscus sabrariffa L.) are plants that are useful as antioxidants. The content that acts as an antioxidant is a flavonoid compound. This study aimed to determine the effect of giving calliandra honey as a multiple active ingredient and single active ingredient (rosella petal extract, calliandra honey ) and ethyl vitamin C as an active ingredient. The lotion of ethanolic extract of rosela flower petals was made with three active ingredients: ethanolic extract of roselle flower petals with a concentration of 2.5%, calliandra honey 2.5%, and ethyl vitamin C 2%. Then, calliandra honey and ethanol extract of roselle flowers are combined with a concentration of extract 2.5% and calliandra honey (1.5%, 2%, and 2.5%). The physical and stability tests are the organoleptic, homogeneity, viscosity, dispersibility, pH, lotion stability, and the value of lotion's antioxidant activity. The activity test was carried out using the 2,2-Diphenyl-1-Picryhidrazil (DPPH) method, and the IC50 of inhibition was calculated. The results of the study showed that all lotion formulations had antioxidant activity. The highest antioxidant activity was obtained in formula three, which had a value of 95.2 ppm (2.5: 2.5 %). Based on the Kruskal Wallis test, the asymp value was obtained. Sig. 0.000, which indicates that there is a significant difference in antioxidant activity. This is because the percent inhibition of each sample has a large enough difference.

Evaluation of antimicrobial, thrombolytic and cytotoxic activities of ethanol flower extract of Bauhinia acuminata

Background: To develop the herbal drug with the least side effects, there are superior opportunities to discover the medicinal and other biological properties. Natural products serve as sources of beneficial chemical molecules. For this study, Bauhinia acuminate (Family: Fabaceae) having some pharmacological activities was chosen. The present studies was designed for the antimicrobial, thrombolytic and cytotoxic activity of ethanolic flowers extract of Bauhinia acuminata. Methods: The antimicrobial effect of the extracts was evaluated by Disc-Diffusion Assay Method and the cytotoxic activity was determined by brine shrimp lethality test. The thrombolytic activities of the plant extracts were evaluated by a method using streptokinase as a reference standard. Results: The extract has mild antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, enteropathegenic Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Vibrio mimicus. The zone of inhibition of the extract was measured comparing with standard Tetracycline. Thrombolytic activity of flowers of Bauhinia acuminata showed mild (14.57%) clot lysis while the standard streptokinase showed (90%). Having moderate cytotoxic activities, the mortality rate of brine shrimp was observed in increasing order with the increasing of concentration of extract. In the present study of the ethanol extract LC50=3.251 µg/ml and LC90=286.57 µg/ml. However, Standard control LC50=0.0036 µg/ml and LC90=0.75 µg/ml were found respectively. Conclusions: Through the studies, it can be concluded that the ethanolic extract of Bauhinia acuminata could be used in drug formulation or pharmaceutical application. Hence, the plant may further be explored for its various pharmacological activities.