Essential Motivation Research Articles

Structure of Iris Recognition technique

In many iris recognizable proof frameworks, the total image obtains requirements are understood. These imperatives incorporate close infrared (NIR) enlightenment to release the co-events of surface measures in the mirror plane of human iris, just as closeness in the output lines of a device. In ongoing advances to various light developments presented in images caught in the earth. This condition incorporates an obvious wavelength (VW) light source a good way off over the nearby good ways from the catching device. For precise Iris recognizable proof a ways off, eye images require improvement of successful systems, whereas the light source is situating good ways off after the planar perspective on the iris. Adequately acting a highpoint abstraction system aimed at Close Infrared too Obvious wavelength images, the images are composed unrestrained point. The recognizable proof of iris exactness on the freely accessible database remained estimated here uses Hough transform algorithm to caught utilizing straight extending and turn for standardization. for utilizing towards channel also differentiation stretches the iris areas from multispectral iris images. An essential motivation behind this examination is to encompass a structure and actualize IRIS-recognition a good ways off (IAAD) by embracing a recurrence then Hough Transform change intended for exact element choice [1][2]. Here proposed strategy is depicted as pursues: At first, the information iris image will be exposed in the direction of pre-handling though at the same time separating highpoints with contrasts from neighborhood extrema also highest conditions. [3][4].

Stress Factors on Pharmacy Technician Personal Satisfaction in Saudi Arabia

Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biomedical Reports,2019,5,3,135-139.DOI:10.5530/PTB.2019.5.25Published:August 2019Type:Research ArticleAuthors:Yousef Ahmed Alomi, Faiz A. Bahadig Rph, Budoor Emad Aloumi, Bayan Ibrahim Alghuraybi, and Reem Saad Alsubaie Author(s) affiliations:Yousef Ahmed Alomi*, The Former General Manager of General Administration of Pharmaceutical Care, Former Head, National Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Former Head, Pharmacy R&D Administration, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, SAUDI ARABIA. Faiz A. Bahadig Rph, Informatics Pharmacist, Pharmaceutical Care Department, King Abdul-Aziz Medical, City-WR-Jeddah, Ministry of National Guard, SAUDI ARABIA. Budoor Emad Aloumi, Pharmacist, Pharmaceutical Care Services, Ministry of National Guard – Health Affairs. KAMC - Central Region, SAUDI ARABIA. Bayan Ibrahim Alghuraybi, Pharmacy Services, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, SAUDI ARABIA. Reem Saad Alsubaie, Pharmacy Services, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, SAUDI ARABIA. Abstract:Purpose: To explore the Stress factors on pharmacy technician personal satisfaction in Saudi Arabia. Methods: It is a 4-months cross-section survey of the stress factors impact of pharmacy technician job satisfaction in Saudi Arabia. The study consisted of 35 questions divided into two-part demographic information and the second part consisted of three parts. Part one was about stress-related factors of pharmacy job. Part two included the questions about pharmacy services units of pharmacy job. Part three questions about communication and relationships factors of pharmacy technician job and overall job satisfaction. The questionnaire was made as an electronic format and it was analyzed through survey monkey system about part one that was about stress-related factors of pharmacy technician job. Results: The total responders were 96. The gender distribution 83 (86.46%) were males and 13 (13.54%) were females. The majority of them 86 (89.58%) were in age group (20-39 years). The average pharmacy technician satisfaction score of pharmacy management policies factors was (3.61), personal pharmacy time was (3.14) and salary and benefits were (2.51). The average score of pharmacy stress factors were (4.03) and the overall job satisfaction was (3.62). The most pharmacy technician motivation factors found were the financial reward and salary advancement was 84 (89.36%) and the flexibility in work scheduling was 63 (67.02%) followed by the Funds to support additional education and training 61 (64.89%) and the time needed for education and training was 61 (64.89%). Conclusion: There are high job stress factors with inadequate pharmacy salary affected negatively pharmacy technician satisfaction in the pharmacy practice. Those factors very essential related motivation factors on pharmacy technician at healthcare institution in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Keywords:Factors, Job, personal, pharmacy technician, Satisfaction, Saudi Arabia, StressView:PDF (204.2 KB) PDF PDF Images The pharmacy technician’s motivations factors.

Early Life Adversity and Adult Social Behavior: Focus on Arginine Vasopressin and Oxytocin as Potential Mediators.

Exposure to stress during the early postnatal period (i.e., early life stress, ES) can impact brain physiology and modify individual variability in adult social behavior. Arginine vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OXT) are two centrally released neuropeptides that are involved in shaping essential social behaviors, like aggression, social recognition, and social motivation. AVP and OXT modulate activity in brain regions important for the establishment of social behavior, and may be particularly sensitive to ES. In this review, we discuss whether ES alters the characteristics of the AVP- and OXT- systems in rodents, and whether these changes are associated with later alterations in aggression, social recognition, and social motivation. We have integrated causal studies indicating that (1) ES affects AVP/OXT, and (2) that changing AVP/OXT in affected regions alters social behavior. Although there is encouraging evidence that ES causes AVP- and OXT-system changes, and that these may mediate social behavior, a comprehensive understanding of the exact nature of AVP- and OXT changes and whether they are causal in establishing these behavioral disturbances needs further investigation. As there are indications that ES alters AVP- and OXT characteristics in humans as well, and that these may interact with adult predisposition to psychopathology with social dysfunction, future rodent studies may lay ground for a better understanding of such changes in humans. Ultimately, this may assist in developing therapeutic strategies to target ES effects on social behavior.

Detecting outliers in industrial systems using a hybrid ensemble scheme

The massive growth of process data in industrial systems has promoted the development of data-driven techniques, while the presence of outliers in process data always deteriorates the effectiveness. This paper focuses on detecting outliers in industrial systems under the assumption that no labeled training data are available. Our method is on the basis of ensemble learning, and the base learners include both one-class classifiers and multi-class classifiers. The core idea is that one-class classifier ensemble model is used to address the problem of missing label, and the usage of multi-class classifier ensemble model is to further improve its performance when outlier examples are available. The essential motivation for this proposal is that results from a classifier trained using only positive data will not be as good as the results using both positive and negative data. We investigate the performance of the proposed scheme with a series of experiments. Ten benchmark data sets and two real-world industrial systems are used, and the results approve the performance of our detection scheme.

Love is a physiological motivation (like hunger, thirst, sleep or sex)

The multitude of terms associated with love has given rise to a false perception of love. In this paper, only maternal and romantic love are considered. Love is usually regarded as a feeling, motivation, addiction, passion, and, above all, an emotion. This confusion has consequences in the lives of human beings, leading not only to divorces, suicides, femicides but possibly also to a number of mental illnesses and suffering. Therefore, it is crucial to first clarify what is meant by emotion, motivation and love. This work aims to finally place love within the category of physiological motivations, such as hunger, thirst, sleep, or sex, on the basis that love is also essential for human survival, especially in childhood. Love is presented from an evolutionary perspective.Some other similarities between love and other physiological motivations are pointed out, such as its importance for appropriate human development, both its ontogeny and its permanence, and the long-lasting consequences of abuse and neglect. There are summarized reasons that account for this, such as the fact that physiological motivations are essential for survival and that love is an essential motivation for the survival of human offspring. Other reasons are that minimum changes in the quantity and quality of love alters development, that there can be a variety of neurophysiological and behavioural states within a motivation, and that motivations (also love) appear and change throughout development. Also, motivations and love sometimes may lead to an addictive behaviour. Finally, it is recognized that once physiological motivations (and love) appear, they become permanent.In a third section, some potential social, cultural, clinical and scientific consequences of the proposed consideration of love as a motivation are discussed. Accordingly, love’s recognition as a motivation in the clinical field would imply a better understanding of its disorders and its inclusion in classifications manuals such as The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), or in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD). Considering love as a motivation rather than an emotion could also impact the results of scientific research (an example is included).A comprehensive understanding of these questions could potentially allow for a new therapeutic approach in the treatment of mental illness, while offering an all-inclusive evolutionary explanation of cultural phenomena such as the origin and diffusion of both language and art. Love should be understood as a physiological motivation, like hunger, sleep or sex, and not as an emotion as it is commonly considered.

Analyzing Motivation Factors for NASCAR Spectators with Self-Determination Theory

Research in consumer motivation might ignore auto racing sport that features the number one of fan attendance for single sport event in America. What would be the explicit motives to push individuals themselves or the incentives to pull the spectators with attractive benefits of NASCAR events? If motives exist among the NASCAR fans, would there be a need to discover them with an appropriate measurement tool? This study was conducted to explore specific motives of NASCAR spectators, and develop valid and reliable instrument underlying motivational theories. Participants (<i>N</i> = 650) voluntarily responded to Inventory of Motivation for Auto Racing Spectators (IMARS) in a NASCAR event. Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analyses were utilized to explore and confirm the 5-factor (Affiliation, Experience, Gratification, Socialization, and Substance) model with 15 indicators. The statistical analyses revealed acceptable goodness fit indexes of IMARS by the observed data (<i>X²/df</i> = 3/63, GFI = .95, CFI = .92, IFI = .91, RMSR = .036). The validities and internal consistency reliability were examined with satisfactory results. The essential motives were explored in this study and a reliable instrument for utility of NASCAR marketing professionals was produced. The study provided quantitative evidences to support the motivation theories and enriched spectator motivation in sport motivation literatures.

Some Relations between Ethics, Aesthetics and Politics in Contemporary Art in Times of Crisis

The inclusion of ethics and politics into artistic creation process is for many contemporary creators/artists an essential motivation while they consciously act in an aesthetic space polluted with the realities of a world in crisis. Art, which produces visible and sensible forms, can reveal aesthetic ideas and fundaments through aesthetic objects: drawing, video-installing or poem/poetry. And artists can make someone feel with their creations—whether these are beautiful, sublime, tragic, or ironic—ethical contentions violated by human action or the exertion/exercise of political power. Works of art that are not only guided by the categories signed by beauty, because in artistic languages, violence and suffering also make/create form. And times of crisis are the ideal sphere/dimension for an art that gives a vivid way of seeing/watching the uncertainty, the perversion, the terrible. In bringing these philosophical—ethical, aesthetic and political—topics, I do it from an approach that departs form artistic creations and curatorial research. I try to penetrate the narrow thread between an ethical topic and the plastic form in which it incarnates/embodies itself, or between a political action and the aesthetic structure of language as a creative, expressive consequence.

Cheetah chase algorithm (CCA): a nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithm

In recent years, appreciable attention among analysts to take care of the extraordinary enhancement issues utilizing metaheuristic algorithms in the domain area of Swarm Intelligence. Many metaheuristic algorithms have been developed by inspiring various nature phenomena’s. Exploration and exploitation are distinctive capacities and confine each other, along these lines, customary calculations require numerous parameters and bunches of expenses to accomplish the adjust, and furthermore need to modify parameters for various enhancement issues. In this paper, another populace based algorithm, the Cheetah Chase Algorithm (CCA), is presented. Distinctive features of Cheetah and their characteristics has been the essential motivation for advancement of this optimization algorithm. Cheetah Chase Algorithm (CCA) has awesome capacities both in exploitation and exploration, is proposed to address these issues. To start with, CCA endeavours to locate the optimal solution in the assigned hunt territory. It at that point utilizes history data to pursue its prey. CCA can, hence, decide the situation of the worldwide ideal. CCA accomplishes solid exploitation and exploration with these highlights. Additionally, as indicated by various issues, CCA executes versatile parameter change. The self-examination and analysis of this exploration show that each CCA capacity can have different beneficial outcomes, while the execution correlation exhibits CCAs predominance over conventional metaheuristic algorithms. The proposed Cheetah Chase Algorithm is developed by the process of hunting and chasing of Cheetah to capture its prey with the parameters of high speed, velocity and greater accelerations.

The structure of isotactic polypropylene in composites filled with lignocellulosic material

ABSTRACTBiodegradability of fillers, interesting physical and mechanical properties of polypropylene/lignocellulosic materials are essential motives for undertaking studies of various properties of such materials. Up to now, there have been no complex investigations defining processing of polypropylene/rapeseed straw composites. This study presents the results of research into finding optimal technological parameters of extrusion and injection molding methods. The structural investigations were done using the wide-angle X-ray scattering method. Crystallization of polypropylene in composites filled with rapeseed straw is connected with interfacial interactions, such as shearing forces at the boundary of phases: polypropylene matrix—mold wall—lignocellulosic filler. The value of the melt flow index (MFR) for polypropylene influences the crystallization structure of the crystallization in the injection molding process. Moreover, various parts of dumbbells have different structure of the matrix, which is caused by shearing forces and cooling conditions during the polypropylene processing.

A Comprehensive Health Plan: The Lifestyle Affecting Factors in Iranian Youth.

Background:Factors affecting lifestyle become one of the most priorities of the research field, especially in adolescents and youth. Using a qualitative approach, this study aimed to understand what factors are affecting young people's healthy lifestyle.Methods:Using the conventional content analysis, and used the semi-structured in-depth interviews, we conducted a qualitative study to elicit the youth opinion considering their lifestyle affecting factors. Initially, purposeful sampling method was considered for data collection. Participants were selected from volunteered youths 18–30 years whom were selected from the Tehran city. Inclusion criteria for the participants were; (a) willingness to participate in the study, and (b) ability to express experiences.Results:According to findings, although the majority of participants agreed on the important role of lifestyle related behaviors in their healthy life, the lack of essential motivation and the pressure of educational assignments remove it from their daily program priorities. The most important barrier to observing the healthy lifestyle was expressed as; the acceptance of the concept by the individual and the social and economic potential of the individual. It was also suggested that practical interventions should focus on improving more participator engagement of all of the related stakeholders.Conclusions:We proposed the participatory strategies for youth healthy lifestyle promotion. Through which based on a specific needs the assessment of different target groups, designing, development, and implementation of health programs led to more effective interventions.

Cuba y La Guerra Civil Española: Mitos y realidades de la derecha hispano-cubana (1936–1942) by Katia Figueredo Cabrera

Reviewed by: Cuba y La Guerra Civil Española: Mitos y realidades de la derecha hispano-cubana (1936–1942) by Katia Figueredo Cabrera Daniel Fernandez Guevara Katia Figueredo Cabrera. Cuba y La Guerra Civil Española: Mitos y realidades de la derecha hispano-cubana (1936–1942). Havana: Editorial Universidad de La Habana, 2014. 465 pp. Katia Figueredo Cabrera's Cuba y La Guerra Civil Española: Mitos y realidades de la derecha hispano-cubana (1936–1942) broadens our understanding of the sizable Spanish community living on the island during the Spanish [End Page 361] Civil War and at the onset of World War II. The monograph is divided into six chapters that analyze the diplomatic relationship between Havana and Madrid from 1936 to 1942, Spanish pro-right-wing organizations in Cuba, and economic factors that motivated Cuba's responses. Figueredo's work underscores the Cuban state's contradictory reactions to Francisco Franco's rebellion: initially, state diplomacy and rhetoric externally supported the Republic while remaining internally tolerant of right-wing pro-Franco forces. Figueredo fills a void in the study of the right-wing pro-Franco movement in Cuba by challenging previously held assumptions that gave right-wing forces a more prominent role in the spread of fascism in the Caribbean. Instead, Figueredo emphasizes economic factors as essential motives for the diplomatic rapprochement between the island and the peninsula. Moreover, Figueredo accurately surmises that Cuban scholarship has overtly emphasized the impact of Spanish Republican exiles without a careful corresponding analysis of the pro-Franco right. The paucity of scholarly monographs on the right-wing Spanish community in Cuba is a testament to the scarce attention it has received from the Cuban academy and Anglophone scholarship. Figueredo is conversant with existing scholarship dealing with both pro-Republican and pro-Falangist forces in Cuba. To that end, she compares Cuban state responses to pro-Republican and pro-Falangist organizations, concluding that the Cuban government—in contrast to the majority of the Cubans on the island—allowed the pro-Falangist forces greater flexibility in skirting Cuban laws that limited advocacy for Cuba's involvement in foreign ideological struggles. However, the author challenges the notion put forth in Allan Chase's Falange: The Axis Secret Army in the Americas (1943), Consuelo Naranjo Orovio's Cuba: Otro escenario de lucha (1988), and Juan Chongo Leiva's El fracaso de Hitler in Cuba (1989) that "seconded and defended … an exaggerated image of the real reach and continental activism of the Spanish Falange in the Cuba" (39). Figueredo asserts that these monographs, though commendable works of scholarship, encourage a myth of peninsular power on the island. This myth distorts our understanding of the anti-Republican forces in Cuba on its own terms. Figueredo employs right-wing publications like La Discusión and El Diario de la Marina instead of relying heavily on Noticias de Hoy, the official organ of the communist party, as prior scholarship has done. By analyzing pro-right-wing discourse and underscoring the role of pro-Franco Spaniards and Cubans on the island, like the role played by Jose Ignacio Rivero (100–101), she solidifies her claim that to understand the pro-right community one must look to the pro-right publications that she masterfully employs. Moreover, she challenges assumptions that right-wing groups in Cuba were exclusively of the elite classes, utilizing records from the Tribunal de Urgencia that demonstrate [End Page 362] that pro-right forces had some working-class support (99). As Figueredo admits, the dearth of sources have made the scholarly investigation of the Spanish right difficult. To this end, Figueredo conducted an exhaustive analysis of the documents in the Cuban National Archive's Fondo Registro de Asociaciones and Cuba's Ministry of Foreign Relation's Fondo de España, as well as, press sources. Figueredo's plethora of sources are evident in her annex where she publishes more than twenty-five visual, statistical, and documentary sources. Figueredo utilizes archival and press sources from the three main Spanish pro-right organizations in Cuba: Falange Española Tradicionalista, the Juntas de Ofensivas Nacional Sindicalista, and the Comité Nacionalista Español, as well as other less prominent organizations, to understand the responses...

Lab experiment to investigate tax compliance: the case of future taxpayers' behavior in Russia and Belarus

The paper aims to examine the internal motivation of taxpayer’s behavior, and the factors affecting tax morale and voluntary tax compliance The authors provide scientific results of the tax experiments in post-Soviet countries (Russia and Belarus). The laboratory tax experiment was carried out in a form of a business game engaging students of various levels of education and background. The controllability of the experiment with the impossibility of material encouragement is ensured in the student’s environment in the form of scores to the final attestation. In order to obtain data on tax behavior motivation, a survey on attitude to tax system was conducted. Respondents (experiment participants) were asked to indicate their level of agreement with defined statements by Likert scale. To assess the differences between two groups of participants (who paid and who do not paid tax), the data obtained as a result of filling out the questionnaire using the Mann-Whitney U -test and the Kruskal-Wallis H -test were analyzed. The study results affirmed the hypothesis generated earlier, the personal tax morale influences the national tax system and the tax behavior of an individual. The article proves that the awareness of the ways government spends public revenue and the trust level to the state and tax system itself influence tax behavior directly. The civil awareness on the real state of fiscal distribution increases the trust level to the government among taxpayers and is the essential motivation to pay taxes. The developed methodology may be used in an educational process to increase tax literacy, its further application in the scientific research will allow us to derive evidence-based methods and ways to directly influence tax behavior, which may enlarge the public revenue in the times of an unstable global economy. Highlights 1. The study reveals that the tax audit affects more the amount of evading taxes than the number of evaders, where an increase of education level helps to reduce tax evasion through citizens, to make an individual more competent and more responsible as a taxpayer 2. Laboratory tax behavior monitoring of students allows us to identify the factors that influence on the real national tax behavior and tax experiments could become a tool for the formation of strategies of interaction between tax authorities and taxpayers in Russia and Belarus 3. The main incentives for paying taxes are the trust towards the government and the tax system and the understanding of the society-oriented character of the state FOR CITATION Kireenko A. P., Nevzorova E. N., Kireyeva A. F., Filippovich A. S., Khoroshavina E. S. Lab experiment to investigate tax compliance: the case of future taxpayers' behavior in Russia and Belarus. Journal of Tax Reform , 2018, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 266–290. DOI: 10.15826/jtr.2018.4.3.056 ARTICLE INFO Received August 14 , 2018; accepted October 22, 2018

A dispositional account of practical knowledge

Is knowledge-how, or “practical” knowledge, a species of knowledge-that, or “theoretical” knowledge? There is no comfortable position to take in the debate around this question. On the one hand, there are counterexamples against the anti-intellectualist thesis that practical knowledge is best analysed as an ability. They show that having an ability to ϕ is not necessary for knowing how to ϕ. On the other hand, the intellectualist analysis of practical knowledge as a subspecies of theoretical knowledge is threatened by its own set of counterexamples, which convincingly establish that practical knowledge lacks many of the typical characteristics of theoretical knowledge. Most strikingly it does not even appear to require a belief. In this paper, I develop an account of practical knowledge that avoids these counterexamples. It also manages to preserve both the status of such knowledge as a cognitive achievement and its apparently close conceptual relation to abilities. I start with the counterexamples against the necessity of abilities for practical knowledge and show that they fail because they underestimate the cognitive demands of attempts. I then make use of the logic of dispositions to bridge the gap that counterexamples against the necessity of abilities for practical knowledge open. It is argued that, instead of the ability to ϕ, it is a specific disposition to have the ability to ϕ that constitutes practical knowledge about ϕ. The resulting theory is an anti-intellectualist position that preserves essential intellectualist motivations and thus should be satisfactory for proponents of both views.

CONSUMERS PRICE PERCEPTION AND SALES PROMOTION OF FASHION BRANDS IN THE SOCIAL COMMERCE MARKET

Today, consumers are becoming more sensitive to price since price have been an essential motivation for them to choose the electronic retail venue. Recently, it is recognized that social commerce, with higher rate of daily active users, is ahead of traditional electronic mobile commerce in Korea. One of strengths in social commerce is attractive price deals for fashion brands, which positively lead to purchase probabilities. Therefore, fashion retailers should understand consumers’ price perception and their responses toward sales promotions on the social commerce. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of consumer price perception and choice heuristics on impulse buying behavior for sales promotion of fashion brands and to examine the moderating effect of an engagement level in the social commerce. A self-administered questionnaire was developed, and mainly included consumer price perception (e.g., price consciousness, sales proneness), choice heuristics (e.g., affect referral, price referral), engagement, impulse buying and demographics. An online survey was undertaken by a research agency. A total of 235 usable responses were obtained from Korean consumers who had purchased fashion brands from social commerce sites (e.g., Coupang, Wemakeprice, Ticketmonster, etc.) using mobile devices. Respondents represent more females (n=129, 54.9%) than males (n=106, 45.1%). They are aged from 19 to 39 years old (Means=29). Results showed that consumers’ sales proneness had a positive effect on affect referral and price referral heuristics, which positively lead to impulse buying behavior. However, consumer price consciousness had a negative effect on impulse buying at the social commerce sites. Also, the mediating effect of the engagement was significant in the relationship among sales proneness, choice heuristics, and impulse buying behavior for sales promotion of fashion brands in the social commerce sites. This study discussed marketing implications for social commerce to effectively manage promotional program in the social commerce market.

Reverse clustering: an outline for a concept and its use

ABSTRACTIn this study, a new perspective on the application of the clustering approach is proposed. The perspective aims to identify the values of the parameters of clustering, including the choice of the algorithm itself, which lead to a possibly faithful rendering of a partition of data, which is known a priori. Motivation and possible interpretations are discussed which can be associated with such a reverse identification process. The essential motivation is associated, but not limited, to the primary objective of cluster analysis, i.e. gaining insight into the structure of the given data-set or family of data-sets. We propose to use evolutionary strategies for reverse analysis to be carried out in view of the characteristics of the problem considered. The concept and the feasibility of the proposed computational approach are illustrated by the analysis of an exemplary data-set. The preliminary results obtained are promising in both technical and cognitive terms.

Principles of sustainability and physics as a basis for the low-carbon energy transition

Human society needs to achieve a low-carbon energy mix this century. To achieve this, we need: (a) an appreciation of the value of Earth's atmosphere; and (b) a sustainable approach for low-carbon energy. For sustainable developments, three pillars need to work together: the environment, social equity and economics. To address the societal aspects of the low-carbon energy transition, we need to appreciate that our future depends on protecting the Earth's atmosphere. By reviewing the discovery of the greenhouse gas effect over the last 200 years, we establish the essential motivation for changing human behaviour with regard to energy use. From this basis, we consider the challenge of how to achieve this energy transition or, more specifically, how to overcome the dissonances related to societal acceptance, economic hurdles and lack of progress with deployment of low-carbon energy options. The last decade has seen a significant growth in the renewable energy and natural gas sectors: however, CCS has made limited progress. This has to change if the human population is to significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions. In order to accelerate reductions in global CO 2 emissions, all low-carbon energy options must be deployed at an increasing rate in the coming decades.

RATIONAL COMPONENT OF MOTIVATIONAL FACTOR OF LABOUR PRODUCTIVITY GROWH

Urgency of the research. Of all the factors influencing productivity it is worth looking at the motivation factor due to the fact that the diversification of its sources makes it possible to choose the most appropriate models and management methods, besides it can operate at all levels of management. Target setting. Taking into account worsening of the socio-economic situation in Ukraine, falling purchasing power of citizens, the most promising and the most desirable model for employees among all models of motivation is the rational motivational one. Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. The significant contribution to develop motivation effect on labour productivity has been made by Anykyeyev [1] A. G. Babenko, T. A. Hare [2], E. P. Kachan, N. V. Semykina [3; 4] D. S. Cinco [5] O. V. Harchishin [6]. The research objective. But some issues concerning the essence of motivation, productivity, their relationship, the state's role in creating conditions for their growth at different levels, diversifying ways to increase productivity through rational part of the motivational factor require clarification and specification. In this regard, the purpose of the article is to research labour productivity and its motivation impact, diversification of ways of growth of the latter by rational component. The statement of basic materials. The measures to introduce rational motivational model that involved key levels of management motivational process: state, entities, personality have been proposed. According to it the conditions directed at the effectiveness of motivational factors at the state level must be created. At the entity level it is possible to use widely the financial incentives, while on the personal level a conscious attitude to their duties can be achieved. Conclusions. To motivate personnel management the state, owners can and must create conditions for high productivity of staff, using all possible levers. A special urgence is given to the problems of coordinating, harmonizing the needs and motivations of employees, the state enterprise in whole, identification and resolution of conflicts arising between the objectives and the needs of workers, businesses and the state.

MOTIVATION FOR EFFECTIVE WORK STAFF SOCIAL SERVICES

Urgency of the research. At this stage the Millennium staff is a critical factor. Nowadays the management of many companies facing problems of inefficient use of different resources resulting lower productivity of staff. Target setting. Human Resources organization associated with activation of employees through their impact on motivation. Appointment motivation - to get people to work better, more responsibility for their duties, to make the job harder. Motivation system must be effective and reflect the specific nature of social services. Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. The research process involved in motivation Yе. N. Abayevа, D. P. Boginia, L. Y. Hanzhurova, O. A. Grishnova, O. I. Ilyash, O. A. Sorokinа, K. D. Gurovа, A. M. Kolot, S. T. Duda. Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining. Development remains poorly understood the motivation of staff for social services. The research objective. The article is to examine the nature of motivation for social services. The objectives of the study are: The economic essence of motivation for social services; Methodical approaches to motivation; explore the relationship between motivation and efficiency of work. The statement of basic materials. Motivation of staff for social services has a specific form of influence. Effectiveness of work - is the result of purposeful activity. Effective work can be considered if there is a maximum results with minimal labor costs. Number of methods of motivation performance of today can be divided into three groups: economic (direct); economic (indirect); non-monetary. There are several requirements for personnel motivation system of social services, namely objectivity; predictability; adequacy. Conclusions. The process of progressive forms of motivation of staff for social services should be limited to systematic planning success motivational activities, study obtained positive results, the development of new methods to achieve high performance through motivation of personnel management and social services. Prospects for further research on the problem believe consideration practical aspects of different methods of motivation of staff Ukrainian social services.

Empowering Followers in the Politics of Spiritual Leadership: A Narrative Critical Study of 1 Samuel 1:1–28

This paper argues that spiritual leadership is a unique model, where followers as well as leaders become connected and committed to the group’s wellbeing through a Spirit-filled way of living for positive transformation. The theories on spiritual leadership, thus, should not only be on functional leaders but also on followers who provide an essential motivation to rediscover life-filled pathways that are fulfilling for the group. In this light, the follower who identifies a need, bonds to it, and shares the burden to fulfil the need qualifies to be a spiritual leader. Such a person is one who is empowered by the Holy Spirit to become connected and committed to the network to drive the goals of the organization and initiate moves for positive transformation. The paper uses a narrative critical reading of Hannah’s story in 1 Samuel 1:1–28 to support the argument that some followers play key roles as spiritual leaders.

Patient motives behind low-acuity visits to the emergency department in Germany: a qualitative study comparing urban and rural sites

ObjectivesThe increasing number of low-acuity visits to emergency departments (ED) is an important issue in Germany, despite the fact that all costs of inpatient and outpatient treatment are covered by...