Insights into the synergistic mechanism of enzymatic hydrolysis and TGase-mediated glycosylation of whey protein isolate: Structure, physicochemical and functional properties.

Organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) is a valuable feedstock within a circular economy. At well-defined process conditions, enzymatic hydrolysis followed by microbial conversion of hydrolysis products can lead to valuable carboxylic acids. The present study assesses enzymatic hydrolysis of OFMSW at 15% dry matter and thermophilic conditions (55°C). Torque measurements from a four-vessel parallel bioreactor system were made to monitor changes in viscosity of the OFMSW slurry. Additionally, the influence of minimum pH setpoints at pH 5.0 and pH 6.0 on enzymatic hydrolysis as well as on the formation of organic acids was evaluated. Adding enzymes, which are tailored to the substrate, led to a rapid drop in torque at the beginning of the incubation. This reduction in viscosity by liquefaction of the OFMSW slurry can improve the processability of the slurry as well as reduce the energy consumption during stirring. It was possible to correlate the release of glucose as well as the changes in torque to the enzyme addition. A minimum pH setpoint of 6.0 appears to favour organic acid formation from indigenous microorganisms. This resulted in an 26.6% increase of lactic acid to 27.9 ± 0.49 g L -1 and a metabolisation into butyric acid of up to 15.4 ± 1.8 g L -1 . The presented results provide valuable information about the processing of OFMSW for future valorisation within biorefinery processes. • Enzyme addition led to rapid reduction in torque and viscosity. • Liquefaction and reduced disturbances during stirring were achieved. • Substantial concentrations of lactic acid and butyric acid were obtained.

Development of a household composting method for fruit and vegetable waste using a combination of decomposer bacteria and hydrolytic enzymes

"Ultrasound treatment of preformed nanofibrillated whey protein Isolate: Effects on structure, enzymatic hydrolysis, and bioactivity"

Rethinking soy protein allergenicity: an integrated model of matrix-dependent digestion, transport, and immune activation.

Sustainable starch engineering: Precise shaping of structural, characteristic and functional properties by ozonation and enzymatic hydrolysis

Expansion-assisted biological–alkaline pretreatment improves lignin redistribution and enzymatic hydrolysis of corn straw

Characterization and comparison of the structure and antioxidant activity of queen bee larvae (Apis mellifera) hydrolysates processed with different proteases.

Enhanced methane production from sugarcane bagasse via enzymatic hydrolysis pretreatment: A comparative study of fermentation techniques

A metabolomics approach to commercial protease enzyme hydrolysis of gourami meat.

Fabrication of small-sized starch nanoparticles and their inhibition of interfacial enzymatic hydrolysis of granular starch

Toward industrial biorefineries: Process simulation and economic feasibility of high-solid enzymatic hydrolysis using alkali-assisted ball-milled corn stover

Unlocking the potential of EU-approved edible insects: A review of protein hydrolysates and their technological and biological properties

Electrostatic-guided substrate flip enables complete di-ester bond hydrolysis of phthalate esters by a bacterial carboxylesterase and development for immobilized biocatalysis.

Selective production of novel ACE-inhibitory peptides from brewer’s spent grain via two-stage enzymatic hydrolysis and integrated fractionation

Fatty acid esters (FAE) can be found in textiles in many forms, both in manufacturing and as components of consumer products. Removal of FAEs and the resulting free fatty acids (FFA) poses a problem which can partially be solved by using enzymes. Lipases can potentially aid the removal of FAE-based spin-finishes and fatty stains from textile fibres. However, monitoring substrates and/or products of enzyme reactions is difficult, mainly because FAE and the resulting FFA are not sufficiently volatile for conventional analysis by gas chromatography (GC). Therefore, derivatisation is usually performed before analysis. Here, two methodologies for the analysis of FAE and FFA in textiles by GC (with mass spectrometer or flame ionisation detectors) were developed using methylation and silylation. While methylation allows for the analysis of total fatty acids (FAE + FFA), silylation allows the analysis of FFA/diacylglycerols/monoacylglycerols. Derivatisation of the sample by acid-catalysed methylation without prior extraction was found effective for total fatty acids analysis in both fat/oil soiled textiles and raw textiles containing spin-finishes. Silylation with N,O- bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide: trimethylchlorosilane allowed for the quantification of FFA in raw textiles, with a marked increase in concentration of FFA being observed after treatment with lipases. These derivatisation strategies allowed the evaluation of the performance of lipase-facilitated washing of textiles, by both (i) assessment of the efficiency of the overall washing process by the quantification of the FAE/FFA remaining on the textile, and (ii) determination of the activity of used lipases by quantification of the enzymatic hydrolysis products. • Development of a method for quantifying fatty acid (FA) esters and free FA by GC • The method was efficient using real matrices and substrates • Acid methylation without prior extraction allows for the quantification of total FA • Silylation determined the free FA produced by lipase hydrolysis of FA esters • Three lipases were active towards FA esters in textile stains and spin-finishes

Statistical optimisation of steam pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis for enhanced sugar recovery and bioethanol production from composite food waste

Enzymatic hydrolysis of milk thistle protein: Influence of protease types on structure and biological activity.

New strategy for high-value utilization of silver carp skin/bone mixture: Steam explosion combined with stepwise enzymatic hydrolysis to produce endogenous calcium-bound ACE inhibitory peptides

The rhizosphere is a critical hotspot of plant-microbe interactions, where Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) play key roles in nutrient mobilization, growth promotion and stress tolerance. This study aimed to isolate and characterize PGPR from the rhizosphere of chilli ( Capsicum annuum L.). Twenty-three morphologically distinct isolates were obtained and evaluated through morphological, biochemical, enzymatic and molecular approaches. Most isolates exhibited catalase and nitrate reduction activities, while carbohydrate utilization profiles revealed broader metabolic versatility in Lysinibacillus macroides compared to Lysinibacillus fusiformis . Enzymatic screening uncovered a high prevalence of protease, urease, amylase, cellulase and lipase production, key traits linked to nutrient cycling and rhizosphere colonization. Quantitative assessment of protease and lipase activities revealed significant inter-isolate variation, with isolates 4.1 and 2.B exhibiting comparatively higher enzyme indices. Pot tray validation showed that rhizobacterial inoculation enhanced seed germination and early seedling growth, with isolates 4.1 and 2.B performing best. Molecular identification confirmed isolates 4.1 and 2.B as L. fusiformis and L. macroides , respectively, supported by phylogenetic analysis. The dominance of diverse rhizobacterial strains and their hydrolytic enzyme activities reflects their ecological adaptability in semi-arid soils. These findings highlight L. fusiformis and L. macroides as promising biofertilizer candidates for chilli cultivation, offering eco-friendly alternatives to chemical fertilizers and contributing to sustainable, climate-resilient agriculture. • Twenty-three chilli rhizobacteria were screened morphologically and biochemically. • L. fusiformis and L. macroides exhibited strong PGPR and multi-enzyme activity. • High metabolic versatility supported efficient nutrient mobilization. • 16S rRNA analysis confirmed both isolates as potential biofertilizer candidates.