Implementation and sustainability of an innovative ICU e-diary.

Modulated oxidation pathways enabled by CoFe bimetallic alloy catalysts for effective elimination of antibiotics.

ABSTRACT Intrusion detection in Internet of Things (IoT) environments presents challenges due to the diversity of connected devices and their resource limitations. IoT networks generate complex, imbalanced traffic where benign activity predominates over attack instances. This imbalance hampers the performance of traditional intrusion detection systems, which struggle to generalize effectively. In this study, we present a deep neural network-based system that leverages advanced data balancing techniques – such as subsampling, Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique (SMOTE), and Tomek Links – combined with cross-validation to enhance the model’s generalization and minimize overfitting. Evaluations on CICIDS2017, UNSW-NB15, and BoT-IoT datasets showed accuracy rates of 99.2%, 99.7%, and 99.8%, respectively. These results demonstrate that our methodology outperforms traditional models, especially in detecting minority attack classes, which were previously challenging due to data imbalance. The use of data balancing and cross-validation significantly improved model stability and sensitivity to diverse attack scenarios. Our findings suggest that incorporating these techniques can substantially enhance the security of IoT environments, providing a robust approach for differentiating between normal and malicious activities, thus contributing to more reliable and scalable intrusion detection systems.

The current European political security environment is very tense due to the return of conventional and hybrid warfare. National and collective defence have again become key political tasks. In this context, the resilience of the healthcare system, understood as critical infrastructures contributing to social cohesion, institutional trust and democratic stability, have moved to center stage. Orthopedics and trauma surgery (O&U) are central to injury care, while palliative medicine represents an essential component of humane and functional healthcare provision in crises and armed conflict scenarios. This article describes the structural, organizational and competency requirements of O&U in the context of national and collective defence. The article outlines the preparedness for war-related and disaster-related injuries, the development of mission-relevant generalist competencies, the establishment of resilient hospital structures and the explicit integration of palliative care and ethical concepts into crises and armed conflict scenarios. Narrative review based on military medical and clinical experiences, relevant national and international emergency and disaster medicine guidelines, palliative care literature and health scientific and health policy documents on resilience of healthcare systems. Key requirements for O&U facilities are: (1)ashared understanding of the political security situation and the realistic nature of defence scenarios, (2)mission-relevant generalist profiles (emergency surgeon in crisis and disaster situations) with broad damage-control surgery skills, (3)robust clinical structures with clear standard operating procedures (SOP), defined triage and leadership pathways and material as well as personnel redundancies, (4)systematic promotion of psychological resilience and ethical ability to act of the team and (5)the broad integration of core principles of palliative care to ensure symptom control and dignified dying despite resource constraints. Preparing O&U for national and collective defence is not only a special military medical task but also adiscipline-specific and total societal responsibility. Emergency surgery , complex reconstructions and palliative care must be regarded as complementary pillars of a resilient healthcare system. Resilient trauma surgery and palliative care structures contribute doubly by maintaining treatment capacity in times of armed conflict and stabilizing public trust and social cohesion.

Water resource assessment is crucial in the face of growing energy and environmental security challenges. This study focuses on the feasibility of installing a pumped-storage hydroelectric system in Boma, Democratic Republic of Congo, in response to frequent power outages. Objectives include modeling the river of the Kalamu and Congo Rivers to determine the project's viability. To do this, historical data on river levels, collected between 1960 and 2017, as well as precipitation and evaporation data collected between 1992 and 2023, were analyzed, taking into account the lack of flow data on the Kalamu River, using artificial intelligence methods, including the Random Forest approach. The results show significant fluctuations in flow rates, with periods of prolonged drought affecting water availability for the project. The study highlights significant challenges related to water resource management, including flow variability, which may compromise the effectiveness of the proposed system. It is recommended that Congo River flows be considered as a viable alternative while integrating sustainable water resource management strategies to meet local needs.

The complex nexus between environmental taxation and food security is gaining attention in the SSA context. Notwithstanding, policy outcomes remain low and require intervention. This research gap is critical given that SSA continues to struggle with intense food insecurity, driven by climatic shocks, weak infrastructure, and socio-political instability. This study investigates the complex nexus between environmental taxation and food security in SSA with a novel emphasis on gender equity as a moderating factor. Drawing on a balanced panel dataset of 15 SSA nations from 2006 to 2024, the study employs robust econometric techniques including fixed effects (with Driscoll-Kraay standard errors), fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS), and panel generalized methods of moments (GMM) to estimate the direct and interaction effects of environmental taxation and gender parity on two core aspects of food security: food availability and food accessibility. Results show that environmental taxation positively impacts food availability when isolated. When moderated with gender equity, the interaction (EGGI) significantly alters the direction and strength of the relationship across models. Specifically, the mediating effect of gender equity enhances food accessibility but reduces food availability, suggesting a slight trade-off in policy design. These findings carry critical implications for policymakers: SSA governments should adopt a policy of revenue earmarking, allocating a predetermined share of environmental tax revenues to gender-responsive agricultural investments.

The relationship between India and Pakistan is a pivotal point in the turbulent terrain of South Asia, impacting regional stability, security dynamics, and global geopolitics. With a complex past marked by division, strife, and the development of nuclear weapons, the Indo-Pak relationship has strategic importance that goes well beyond national boundaries. This chapter highlights a thorough analysis of the historical military ties between India and Pakistan, exploring the nuances of their contacts and their significant influence on the region's security environment. It will also examine how India and Pakistan's military tactics are influenced by internal, regional, and external security concerns, which exacerbates military disparity and sparks an arms race. And how these dynamics (especially nuclear dynamics) threaten regional stability and add to the complicated security landscape in South Asia by analyzing historical circumstances, strategic reasons, and the current status of military capabilities.

Abstract: In smart buildings, energy-efficient HVAC/light control, security and health-aware environments, human occupancy information is critical to these systems. Current methods of sensing human occupancy, such as Passive Infrared (PIR), Carbon Dioxide (CO₂), Radio Frequency (RF) and vision-based systems typically have limitations regarding privacy, visibility restrictions, and limited accuracy when an individual is stationary and expensive and complicated. In this paper, proposes and describe an alternate paradigm for detecting the occupancy of humans by utilizing and analysing low-frequency acoustic signals produced from natural breathing of an individual, micro-movement of the chest and/or body. The current state of the art in acoustic/non-intrusive presence sensing; the physiological properties and characteristics of signals related to bio-acoustics and the use of low-cost MEMS microphones and embedded microcontrollers to provide real-time human occupancy detection applications. Bio-acoustic sensing with traditional methods on several factors as privacy, cost, ability to detect a stationary person, environmental sensitivity. The paper concludes with identifying areas for future research which involve sensor integration, adaptive signal processing, and embedded real-time implementation. The paper concludes by supporting bio-acoustic detection as a feasible, low-cost, privacy-oriented method to detect the presence of people within smart buildings and homes. Keywords: Acoustic signals, Bio-acoustic sensing, Low-frequency, MEMS microphones

Abstract Previous research has shown that journal article quality ratings from the cloud based Large Language Model (LLM) families ChatGPT and Gemini and the medium sized open weights LLM Gemma3 27b correlate moderately with expert research quality scores. This article assesses whether other medium sized LLMs, smaller LLMs, and reasoning models have similar abilities. This is tested with Gemma3 variants, Llama4 Scout, Qwen3, Magistral Small and DeepSeek R1 on a dataset of 2780 medical, health and life science papers in 6 fields, with two different gold standards, one novel. Few-shot and score averaging approaches are also evaluated. The results suggest that medium-sized LLMs have similar performance to ChatGPT-4o mini and Gemini 2.0 Flash, but that 1b parameters may often, and 4b sometimes, be too few. Reasoning models did not have a clear advantage. Moreover, averaging scores from multiple identical queries seems to be a universally successful strategy, and there is weak evidence that few-shot prompts (four examples) tend to help. Overall, the results show, for the first time, that smaller LLMs > 4b have a substantial capability to rate journal articles for research quality, especially if score averaging is used, but that reasoning does not give an advantage for this task; it is therefore not recommended because it is slow. The use of LLMs to support research evaluation is now more credible since multiple variants have a similar ability, including many that can be deployed offline in a secure environment without substantial computing resources.

A novel 3D Cd2-cluster-based coordination polymer fluorescent probe for the detection of nerve agent simulant and UO22.

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought attention to the necessity of an adequate disinfection system to fight dangerous and contagious diseases. Current cleaning procedures are frequently laborious and time-consuming. Researchers are investigating the use of cutting-edge technologies to safeguard the worldwide populace against the spread of viruses and other illnesses to address this issue. A UV-222 nm light-based disinfection system has been suggested as a possible remedy in this regard to counteract the impacts of viruses and maintain a clean and secure environment. The implementation of UV-222 nm light-based disinfection systems and their prospective influence on healthcare technology are the main topics of this article. The technology can address issues with the spread of viruses and bacteria in a variety of contexts, including car headlights, public lighting, interior lights in homes, and other sterilising techniques. Additionally, the high-way geometry of UVC sterilisation has been theoretically formulated and investigated. Healthcare professionals, medical physicists, biomedical and clinical engineers, and other associated groups are the target audience for this article. In order to enhance patient safety, disease surveillance, and management, the study discusses the potential advantages of UV-222 nm light-based disinfection systems. We also talk about the ethical, moral, and legal ramifications of using such technology. In conclusion, this research offers a fresh viewpoint on UV-222 nm light-based disinfection systems and their prospective influence on medical technology. In order to improve patient care and safety, we hope that this conversation will promote additional research and development in the area of healthcare technology.

Harnessing Artificial Intelligence for Sustainable Agriculture: Innovations for Environmental Conservation and Food Security in Benue State, Nigeria

Purpose. To substantiate the concept of a citizen science city as an instrument for post-war recovery and sustainable development, as well as to develop a governance approach to integrating citizen science into urban planning processes, environmental monitoring, and civil security in Ukraine. Method. A theoretical and analytical approach was applied, including a systematic review of academic sources, analysis of international experience in disaster citizen science, comparative analysis of European Union strategic documents and international standards, and conceptual modeling of management mechanisms based on a process-oriented approach. Findings. The feasibility of integrating citizen science into the urban governance system of Ukraine is substantiated. The potential of disaster citizen science to ensure rapid collection of localized data under conditions of limited institutional capacity is demonstrated. The concept of a citizen science city and a management model for citizen science projects based on the Plan–Do–Check–Act cycle are proposed. Theoretical implications. The conceptual foundations for integrating citizen science into the system of sustainable urban development and post-war recovery are further developed. Practical implications. The results of the research can be used by state authorities and local self-government bodies in developing urban recovery and development strategies, environmental monitoring programs, and mechanisms for citizen participation in decision-making. Originality of the research. An institutionalized model of a citizen science city for wartime conditions and post-war recovery is proposed. Future research. The study opens avenues for further empirical validation and the development of practical recommendations for state authorities and local self-government bodies. Paper type. Theoretical.

Pastoralism and settled agriculture have historically coexisted across much of the Global South, yet their relationship has grown increasingly fraught under conditions of demographic pressure, climatic stress, and state-led agricultural modernisation. In Nigeria’s Middle Belt, notably Benue, Taraba, and Plateau states, farmer–herder conflicts have intensified, displacing hundreds of thousands of people and eroding indigenous institutions that once mediated access to land and seasonal grazing. In contrast, India’s north-western states of Punjab and Haryana represent a paradigmatic case of state-driven agrarian transformation, where Green Revolution technologies enabled remarkable gains in cereal production and national food security but generated severe ecological stresses, particularly groundwater depletion and soil degradation. This paper offers a comparative analysis of these two trajectories, arguing that the Punjab–Haryana experience contains both opportunities and cautions for debates on rural transformation in Nigeria’s Middle Belt. It draws on literatures on pastoralism, agrarian political economy, environmental security, and conflict transformation, as well as policy debates on livestock reform and sustainable agriculture in Nigeria and India. Building on this corpus and the emerging India–Africa cooperation agenda, the paper contends that elements of agricultural modernisation-such as improved irrigation, crop diversification, and rural market integration-can support food security and economic stability in the Middle Belt, but only if pursued in ways that protect pastoral mobility, respect customary land rights, and minimise ecological externalities. Rather than viewing pastoralism as an anachronistic obstacle to development, the analysis foregrounds its adaptive strengths and proposes pathways for integrating indigenous land-use practices with context-sensitive modernisation. The paper concludes that a genuinely inclusive rural transformation requires reimagining state policy away from sedentarisation and high-external-input agriculture toward negotiated, multi-scalar governance of land, water, and mobility.

The development of online social networks is accompanied by intricate abnormal interaction phenomena severely impairing the ecosystem’s credibility. Current anomaly detection approaches find it challenging to balance accuracy and robustness when tackling dynamic structural changes, heterogeneous relationships, and lack of labeled data. To address these challenges, this paper proposes ST-MVAN, a Spatio-Temporal Multi-View Attention Network for unsupervised anomaly detection. The proposed framework integrates three core components: (1) in the spatial dimension, we construct heterogeneous relational subgraphs and design an improved Graph Convolutional Network (GCN) that incorporates edge attributes as additive bias and leverages sparse attention to filter structural noise; (2) for feature fusion, an Efficient Channel Attention (ECA) mechanism is introduced to adaptively assign importance weights to multi-view features; and (3) in the temporal dimension, a bidirectional GRU captures dynamic evolutionary dependencies. Finally, a joint Encoder-Decoder framework calculates anomaly scores based on reconstruction errors. Furthermore, we perform experiments on the Digg and Yelp datasets to validate that our method achieves an AUC improvement of up to 12.26% compared to baseline methods. These results demonstrate that ST-MVAN can effectively mitigate structural noise and enhance the security of dynamic social network environments.

In order to determine the effectiveness of virtual reality (VR) training and reliability for mass utilisation in competency-based training in the construction industry, we collected data related to learning outcomes (assessment scores and recall, immediately and after 1 month) from 109 participants (n = 59, VR group; n = 50, non-VR group) from three registered training organisations in south-east Queensland. Interviews were also conducted with 48 of the participants in the VR group. One month after completion of training (VR or non-VR), participants were sent a follow-up survey to assess recall. Our findings showed that the VR environment is as effective as non-VR training for specific learning outcomes immediately as well as after 1 month. Participants identified features that differentiated their learning experience when using the VR environment including the importance of the provision of a safe and secure learning environment as preparation for future learning. This research has implications for the use of advanced technology to support competency-based training in the construction industry as well more broadly. Implications for practice or policy: VR can be used effectively as part of an approach to competency-based training. Course leaders should consider the benefits of VR training beyond learning outcomes – in particular in providing a safe and secure learning environment for subject matter that involves physical safety issues in real life. Course designers may need to consider how VR could complement traditional training to scale up construction skills training.

Nepal’s rapidly changing climate has exposed a fragile intersection between environmental degradation and socio‑economic vulnerability. The melting glaciers, erratic rainfall, and recurrent floods threaten the ecosystems, livelihoods, and infrastructure. It makes climate change an ecological challenge as well as a national security issue. This article explores these changes through two complementary theoretical lenses, environmental security and resilience theory, using only secondary data and conceptual analysis. The environmental security framework shows how ecological stress turns into social and economic instability in countries where governance capacity remains limited. Resilience theory emphasizes the adaptive processes that can enable systems to absorb shocks and reorganize without collapsing. When we apply it to Nepal, these perspectives reveal a paradox. National policies such as the Climate Change Policy (2019), Nationally Determined Contribution 3.0 (2025), and National Adaptation Plan (2021) signify growing institutional commitment, yet implementation continues to be constrained by centralized decision making, fragmented coordination, and insufficient local capacity. This paper argues that resilience in Nepal depends on integrating climate adaptation into development planning, decentralizing climate finance, and strengthening community‑based ecosystem management. Although this article is limited to secondary datasets and policy analysis, it delves into climate change as a multifaceted problem that impacts both environmental and socio‑economic stability. Ultimately, the study reframes climate change in Nepal as both a developmental and governance challenge, one that demands adaptive institutions, inclusive participation, and transformative policy reform to safeguard environmental and socio‑economic security.

It is indicated that under the current conditions of globalization processes and intensification of cross-border relations, the issue of ecological security is becoming extremely relevant for Ukraine – a state with a long border with the member states of the European Union and other neighboring countries. Natural ecosystems function regardless of state borders, therefore, pollution of atmospheric air, water bodies, degradation processes in soils or man-made disasters on the territory of one state naturally affect the ecological situation of the adjacent territories of neighboring countries. The article is devoted to a comprehensive study of the theoretical and legal foundations of transboundary ecological security as an integral component of the national security of Ukraine. Doctrinal approaches to the definition of the concepts of “national security”, “transboundary security” and “ecological security” are analyzed, their correlation and interrelation in modern legal science are investigated. It is established that cross-border security is an independent legal category that occupies a special place in the hierarchy of security levels – between national security and regional security. The methodological fallacy of the narrow interpretation of cross-border security exclusively through the prism of state border protection is substantiated; instead, modern doctrine defines its complex nature, which includes political, economic, scientific and technological, humanitarian, demographic and environmental components. Particular attention is paid to environmental security as a strategically important component of cross-border security in the context of global environmental challenges. It is proven that natural ecosystems do not recognize state borders, therefore air pollution, water resources, soil degradation or man-made accidents in one country inevitably affect the ecological state of adjacent territories. It is determined that transboundary environmental security involves coordinated actions of neighboring states on joint monitoring of the state of the environment, harmonization of environmental standards, prompt response to emergencies and compensation for transboundary environmental damage. It is substantiated that the formation of effective mechanisms of transboundary environmental security is a necessary prerequisite for the sustainable development of border regions, the preservation of common natural heritage and the implementation of the constitutional right of citizens to a safe environment. A conclusion is formulated on the feasibility of improving international environmental interaction at the micro level.

Ensuring occupational health and safety (OHS) is essential for maintaining a secure and healthy work environment. It encompasses multiple aspects, such as occupational health and safety-related training and awareness among the formal and informal workers, integration of hands-on practical practices in Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET), and proper use of occupation-wise Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) at workplace. Although it is one of the major components of decent work, Nepal still has limited access to occupational health and safety along with the use of PPE at workplace. This review paper was prepared through relevant literature review and searches on Google Scholar to access a diverse range of articles, research papers and reports. The findings reveal significant gaps in OHS awareness, training and practical implementation, particularly in the TVET sector. Despite increasing emphasis on employee skills development, workplace safety remains inadequately addressed. Insufficient infrastructures, lack of occupation-specific PPE, limited OHS hands-on practical processes in training curricula and the absence of structured monitoring systems contribute to unsafe working conditions and unprepared workers in Nepal. The study emphasizes the need to integrate practical OHS practices into TVET curricula, engage certified OHS experts, improve the quality and accessibility of PPE, and raise awareness among workers, employers and government entities. These measures, combined with an effective enforcement of safety regulations, are essential for fostering a safe work environment, enhancing workers' well-being and promoting sustainable economic growth.

In the context of twenty‑first‑century security, traditional state‑centric paradigms in International Relations, grounded in power politics and territorial sovereignty, prove increasingly inadequate for addressing hybrid and transboundary threats. The study argues that effective security requires a synthesis of state‑centric protection and resilience‑oriented adaptation, conceptualized through the Fluctuation–Resilience Synthesis framework. The study examines how security frameworks can integrate defense and resilience logics, and how this synthesis manifests in fragile state contexts. Using Nepal as a case study, the research employs a qualitative‑dominant mixed‑methods design combining surveys (n=152), key informant interviews, and focus group discussions. Data were analyzed through thematic coding and descriptive statistics. Findings indicate that although state‑centric approaches remain prominent, 72% of respondents highlighted the growing importance of human, environmental, and technological security. While military preparedness continues to shape policy, resilience operates as the integrative capacity enabling adaptation to complex, fluctuating risks. The findings reveal a cyclical coexistence of traditional and human‑focused logics, confirming the practical and conceptual validity of the FRS model. These findings underscore the necessity of adaptive, context‑sensitive security frameworks. By theorizing the temporal fluctuation and layered coexistence of conventional and resilience‑based logics, the study advances an integrative paradigm of security governance and offers policy‑relevant insights for fragile states confronting multidimensional threats. Unlike existing hybrid security models, FRS does not merely combine domains of security but conceptualizes their temporal fluctuation and layered coexistence, with resilience functioning as a stabilizing meta capacity rather than a standalone policy tool.