Environmental Pollution Problems Research Articles

The Application of Remote Sensing Technology in Returning Farmland to Forest

Since the 1980s, due to China's economic development, large tracts of forest trees have been felled, causing serious soil erosion and environmental pollution problems. But since the beginning of this century, China has started to convert farmland to forests and various vegetation restoration activities. The purpose of returning farmland to forest is to better protect the environment and prevent soil erosion. This paper introduces the use of remote sensing images to detect the implementation of the project of returning farmland to forest. Explain the method of sample selection and the steps of data collection. The plan on remote sensing monitoring of returning farmland to forest was introduced. At the same time, the help and continuous monitoring of remote sensing technology after returning farmland to forest was introduced. This article contains examples and analysis of scientists using GIS technology to assist in returning farmland to forests. Finally, it includes the prospect and expectation of GIS for the project of returning farmland to forest. And the future application of this technology in this project is prospected.

Investigation of evaporation and combustion characteristics of diesel and fatty acid methyl esters emulsified fuel droplets

To address the problems of energy shortages and environmental pollution, biodiesel and its emulsified fuel have gained wide attention. In this work, the fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) emulsified water-in-oil fuel (BW) is thoroughly investigated using the droplet suspension experiment with a focus on the main characteristics of puffing/micro-explosion, droplet ignition delay and flame regime, etc. The role of water content at different ambient temperatures is examined in comparison to a counterpart blend of diesel/water (DW) fuel. Results show that the increase in water content and temperature has a significant promotion effect on the strength and number of puffing/micro-explosion process, however, the higher viscosity of BW leads to the lower values. And owing to the heat absorption by water evaporation, only the micro-explosion with high intensity induced by water nucleation has a favorable effect on the evaporation rate. There exists a critical concentration of water addition, after which the enhancement of evaporation is expected. Moreover, it is indicated that the diesel with water additives has a better atomization effect, and the size of child droplets generated by DW droplets breakup is smaller, which is in the range of 0.08–0.1 mm compared to the 0.09–0.13 mm for BW droplets. It has been shown that the increase in water content hinders the rise of droplet flame temperature, extends the ignition delay time, and shortens the maximum premixed-flame length. Compared to diesel droplets, the larger combustion rate of BW droplets is correlated with their shorter flame length and the higher boiling point of FAME.

Sustainable Environmental Management and Preservation in Old Well Oil and Gas Traditional Mining Sites Indonesia: Whose Responsibility?

Objective: Environmental pollution and destruction at traditional oil and gas mining sites with old wells in Indonesia is truly worrying, and poses a serious threat to present and future generation safety. Sustainable management and conservation is no longer an option, but must be an inevitability and cannot be postponed any longer. Methods: This research uses a dogmatic legal research method (juridical normative) which was supported by field research, and in-depth interviews with parties who are directly involved, and understand the problems in the Pertamina EP Asset IV Field Cepu Working Area, Bojonegoro Regency, East Java, which is quite representative of all mining problems traditional old well oil and gas in Indonesia. Results: Pertamina EP, Perum Perhutani, Bojonegoro Regency, and East Java Province, each as territory owner, feel that they have no authority and no responsibility (evade) to issue policies (beleid), carry out management (bestuursdaad), regulations (regelendaad), management (beheersdaad), supervision (toezichthoudensdaad), and enforcing the law, so that there is an impression of negligence which results in increasingly severe environmental pollution and destruction. Based on the facts, it turns out that each institution has obtained quite large benefits, and advantages, based on applicable laws, and regulations, each also has opportunity (rights, and obligations) to save the environment. However, due to the strong sectoral egoism in each institution, environmental pollution, and damage problem was neglected. Conclusion: This research is to find a solution, namely a cooperation agreement (MoU) to carry out rescue work. The research results show that the best solution is that each institution must realize that they have the same obligations and responsibilities, join hands, close ranks and put aside sectoral egoism to overcome environmental damage at old wells oil and gas mining sites without getting worse.

Flower-like CN layer-doped WO3/W photoanode as an efficient sun-light photoelectrocatalyst for PFOA degradation and electricity generation

Photoelectrocatalysis (PEC) system has been proven to be effective in degrading perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and generating electricity as a goal to solve the problems of environmental pollution and energy shortages simultaneously. In this study, we utilized a flower-like WO3in-situ generated on tungsten foil (WO3/W), and then doped with a CN layer by immersing it in urea solution and then undergoing calcination (CN-WO3/W), to degrade PFOA and generate electricity. The growth mechanism of WO3/W with different morphologies prepared under various experimental conditions was analyzed in order to explain the reasons for the superior performance of the flower-like structure compared to other morphologies. Under the irradiation of simulated sun-light, the power density reached its peak at 0.11 mW/cm2 when current density was 0.14 mA/cm2 with PFOA as fuel. CN-WO3/W displayed a steady state photocurrent density of 6.1 mA/cm2 at 1.2 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) under simulated sun-light irradiation and a high PFOA degradation of 95 %, which is much higher than that of WO3/W. Due to distinctive flower-like structure, stable W–N–C bond, narrower energy band (from 2.67 to 2.41 eV), more acquisition of visible light, and strong oxidation capability, the CN-WO3/W exhibited high stability and reusability for simultaneous PEC degradation of PFOA (almost unchanged after 9 cycles) and electricity generation (without activity loss during the 24 h test) under simulated sun-light irradiation. Based on the scavenger-quenching experiments the possible degradation pathways of PFOA were suggested. This work provides a way to design and synthesize the photoanode to construct reaction system for high-performance photocatalytic PFOA degradation and electricity generation.

Comprehensive evaluation for the sustainable development of fresh agricultural products logistics enterprises based on combination empowerment-TOPSIS method.

To solve the problems of environmental pollution and resource waste caused by the rapid development of cold chain logistics of fresh agricultural products and improve the competitiveness of logistics enterprises in the market, a performance evaluation method of cold chain logistics enterprises based on the combined empowerment-TOPSIS was proposed. Firstly, from the five dimensions of cold supply chain capacity, service quality, economic efficiency, informatization degree and development ability, a comprehensive evaluation system of logistics enterprises' sustainable development is constructed, which consists of 16 indicators, such as storage and preservation capacity, distribution accuracy, and equipment input rate. Then, G1 method and entropy weight method are used to calculate the subjective and objective weights of the evaluation indicators, and the combined weights are calculated with the objective of minimizing the deviation of the subjective and objective weighted attributes. Finally, the TOPSIS method is used to calculate the comprehensive evaluation indicators. The results show that the established performance evaluation model can effectively evaluate the performance of fresh agricultural products logistics enterprises and provide theoretical basis for enterprise logistics management.

Construction of smartphone-adapted signal visualization platform for dual-mode detection of H2S based on integrated metal-organic framework nanoprobes

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a toxic contaminant and has great influence on many physiological processes. Due to various pathophysiological roles and environmental pollution problems, it is necessary to construct and develop simple and portable monitoring sensors for the precise detection of H2S. Herein, we developed a smartphone-adapted dual-mode detection platform by integrating the colorimetric and photothermal imaging analysis into a metal-organic framework-based chip (ZIF-8/Cu). Due to the nanoconfinement effect of ZIF-8, small-sized plasmonic CuS could be in-situ formed during the detection procedure of H2S and endowed the chips with excellent photothermal properties. By constructing a smartphone-adapted photothermal imager, the metal-organic framework-based chip could achieve a portable photothermal imaging analysis of H2S. Moreover, as the formed CuS was a good peroxidase-like nanozyme, the chips could also be used to trigger the enzymic catalytic reaction toward the chromogenic reaction of 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB)-H2O2, thus providing another colorimetric sensing mode by using a smartphone App. In this smartphone-adapted visualization platform, the portable chemosensors could simultaneously achieve double detection modes at one electrode, which provided a new pathway for the accurate detection of H2S and circumvented the false-positive or negative errors during the detection process. Besides, by using the finite difference time domain (FDTD) simulation method, the in-depth mechanism, including the plasmonic effect and spatial electromagnetic field distribution, was explored to provide a possible reason for the excellent sensing performance of the dual-mode visualization platform. This work provides a new insight into the construction of the accurate, portable and smart sensing platform in the visual screening of H2S.

Synthesis of novel ZnIn0.2Ga1.8O4/CaIn2S4 composite material with S-scheme heterojunction for efficient photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants and hydrogen evolution

Semiconductor photocatalysts that can both photocatalytic evolve hydrogen from water and degrade organic pollutants are very important to solve the problem of energy shortage and environmental pollution. The S-scheme ZnIn0.2Ga1.8O4/CaIn2S4 complex was successfully synthesized using sol–gel and oil bath methods. Characterization technique indicates that chrysanthemum-shaped CaIn2S4 is anchored on the surface of irregular nanoparticles ZnIn0.2Ga1.8O4, forming a closely packed heterostructure. The bandgap values of CaIn2S4 and Zn(In0.1Ga0.9)2O4 were determined as 2.11 eV and 3.61 eV, respectively. Under visible-light irradiation, the ZnIn0.2Ga1.8O4/CaIn2S4-1(ZC-1) photocatalyst exhibited superior performance in degrading an organic pollutant (RhB) and generating hydrogen compared to ZnGa2O4, ZnIn0.2Ga1.8O4, and CaIn2S4 alone. The photocatalytic degradation of RhB using ZC-1 was 1.7, 1.31, and 1.14 times higher than that of ZnGa2O4, ZnIn0.2Ga1.8O4, and CaIn2S4, respectively. Moreover, the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate of ZC-1 was 5.8, 3.7, and 13 times higher than that of ZnGa2O4, ZnIn0.2Ga1.8O4, and CaIn2S4, respectively. The formation of S-type heterojunctions in the composite photocatalysts was confirmed through free radical trapping and electron paramagnetic resonance tests, further enhancing hydrogen production and organic pollutant degradation. This study presents a novel approach for developing ZnGa2O4-based composite photocatalysts with S-scheme heterojunctions to address energy shortage and environmental pollution in the future.

Low-cost waterborne radiative cooling paint for large scale production and application in buildings

Passive daytime radiative cooling (PDRC) is a cooling technology with no energy consumption and no pollution generation. It emits self-generated heat to outer space using thermal radiation, thus reducing its temperature. Radiative cooling technology aims to the energy consumption problem of buildings and environmental pollution caused by the use of Freon in compressor air conditioners. Many kinds of radiative cooling coatings have been attempted, but the cost and large-scale practical application have been challenging. This work prepared a composite coating with a radiative cooling function using calcined kaolin (CK) powder and waterborne fluorocarbon (WF). The inexpensive CK has a wide particle size distribution and exhibits high solar reflectivity (RS) and infrared emissivity (EIR). The excellent adhesion and chemical stability of waterborne fluorocarbon (WF) provides a good guarantee for the practical use of the coating. As a result, the CK/WF coating achieves an RS of 91% and an EIR of 95% in the transparent atmospheric window (ATW) of 8–13 µm. The coating demonstrated a temperature decline of 3.8 °C under direct sunlight in the field. The coating meets the conditions for large-scale applications. When used as a roofing material for simulation, it can save up to 30% of energy consumption throughout the year. Overall, the CK/WF coating has outstanding energy saving and pollution reduction performance, which will further advance the radiant cooling material into real-world applications.

Tort Liability for Trans-boundary Marine Environmental Pollution: Japans Radioactive Wastewater Discharge into the Sea as an Entry Point

Currently, the problem of trans-boundary marine environmental pollution is becoming increasingly prominent and Japans insistence on discharging nuclear wastewater despite protests from other countries has raised concerns among the population. Researchers have found that international conventions and other sources of international environmental law are lack of a liability system for trans-boundary environmental pollution. Therefore, this paper looks for gaps by applying the normative analysis method to retrieve the relevant liability system at the institutional level in order to compare and analyze it, and secondly, using the case analysis method to think about how to improve the liability system through case law practical perspective. The study concludes that it can be constructed from two perspectives, namely the responsibility of the State and the tort responsibility of private subject to adopt the system of tortious responsibility and both serve in parallel with that caused by environmental pollution compensate for damage. Due to the irreversibility of environmental pollution, initiating legal proceedings for redress after the event is often not the ultimate goal. Therefore, the ex-ante blocking mechanism need to be further improved and domestic law needs to be constantly improved to compensate for the shortcomings of international law. That help our country deal with the marine environmental pollution to provide methods and ideas.

Degradation behaviors and crystallization of rapidly degradable polylactic acid prepared by melting through coordination complexation reaction

The nondegradability of petroleum-based non-degradable plastics leads to accumulation of a large amount of waste. The waste disposal method seriously pollutes the environment. The development and application of biodegradable polymers are considered as a green solution to the problem of environmental pollution. However, as the market for degradable materials continues to expand, the rate of production largely exceeds the rate of natural degradation, and the waste accumulation problem cannot be effectively addressed. In this study, PLA-modified materials were prepared by a melt blending method with polylactic acid (PLA) as a matrix material and stannous octoate (Sn(Oct)2) as an accelerator to increase the degradation rate of PLA. The Sn atom in Sn(Oct)2 complexed with the ester group of the PLA molecular chain, leading to destruction of the PLA molecular chain. When the content of the accelerator reached 2 phr, the degradation rate of the modified samples in an alkali solution was more than two times higher than that of the pure PLA, and the biodegradation rate was increased by 73.97% compared to the pure PLA. In addition, the crystallization behavior of PLA can be regulated by Sn(Oct)2. The mechanisms of the acceleration of the degradation and effect on the crystallization behavior were investigated.

Assessment of wellbore integrity failure risk and hazardous zones in depleted reservoirs underground gas storage during the operation processes.

Depleted reservoirs are widely used for underground gas storage due to their advantages of low construction cost and easy development. Under the influence of complex geological conditions and frequent operations, the integrity of the wells in depleted reservoirs is prone to failure, which would potentially lead to gas leakage. In this study, by using a finite element-based computational fluid dynamics model, we have developed evaluation criteria for assessing the severity of the occurred wellbore integrity failure and the risk of the un-occurred wellbore integrity failures respectively to identify hazardous zones potentially prone to wellbore integrity failure. The study results indicate that the gas storage wellbore integrity failure is prone to occur inside the wellbore structure in the direction of the minimum ground stress near the lower boundary of the formation interlayer. The wellbore integrity failure hazardous zones are mainly concentrated at the formation interlayer boundaries. The practical guidelines and solutions derived from current research results can provide an accurate direction for monitoring and protecting work of wellbore integrity and avoid environment pollution problems caused by natural gas leakage.

Pengetahuan Prinsip Kimia Hijau - Pencegahan, Atom Ekonomi dan Penggunaan Sumber Bahan Mentah Boleh Diperbaharui dalam Kalangan Murid Tingkatan 4 di Malaysia

Green chemistry is an important learning approach that provides education on environmental sustainability through the implementation of 12 principles introduced since the late 1990s. However, the success of this approach depends on the level of students' knowledge of all the principles contained in green chemistry. This study aims to examine the level of knowledge of the three principles of green chemistry among fourth grade students who take chemistry subjects at school. The three principles are prevention, atom economy and the use of raw materials from renewable sources. A qualitative study was conducted involving 80 high school students. A set of questions for the Knowledge Test _Kimia Hijau (UP_KH) was administered in this study. The data was analyzed by content analysis. The findings of the study show that students have a low knowledge of the principles of green chemistry, namely prevention, atom economy and the use of raw materials from renewable energy sources. Students' knowledge of the principle of prevention is general to prevent environmental pollution. It focuses on three general aspects namely legal action, campaigning and waste management. Pupils have low knowledge in the principle of economic atoms and cannot make the correct connection between the value of economic atoms and the level of effectiveness of a reaction. Students' knowledge was also found to be low regarding renewable raw material sources and the importance of their implementation in a chemical reaction. Knowledge about the principles of green chemistry is very important to give early exposure to students about the need for early-stage prevention to overcome environmental pollution problems.

Molecular design of recyclable thermosetting polyimide and its composite with excellent mechanical and tribological properties

Recyclability of thermosetting polymers and their composites is a challenge for alleviating environmental pollution and resource waste. In this study, solvent-recyclable thermosetting polyimide (PI) and its composite were successfully synthesized. The tensile strength, elongation at break, and Young’s modulus of PI are 108.70 ± 7.29 MPa, 19.35% ± 3.89%, and 2336.42 ± 128.00 MPa, respectively. The addition of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) not only enhances the mechanical properties of PI but also endows it with excellent tribological properties. The PI illustrates a high recycling efficiency of 94.15%, but the recycled composite exhibits inferior mechanical properties. The recycling and utilization of PI and its composite are realized through imine bonds (–C=N), which provides new guidance for solving the problem of environmental pollution and resource waste and is potential application in the field of sustainable tribology.

Research on optimal dispatch of microgrid with dispatchable load

With the rapid development of society, traditional energy has become increasingly scarce and the problem of environmental pollution has intensified. By analyzing the objective functions of gas turbine, battery, photovoltaic power generation, and wind power generation, their constraints are established, and a microgrid optimal dispatching system is established. Using the idea of particle swarm optimization algorithm, an optimal dispatching model of microgrid with schedulable load is proposed. The particle swarm optimization algorithm runs in the optimal strategy algorithm of MATLAB to predict the optimal dispatching transmission time of the dispatchable load, and finally, minimize the total operating cost of the microgrid system by comparing the output before and after distributed generation in the system and the total load of the system.

Research on the Future Development Trends of New Energy Vehicles in China

With China's economy expanding quickly, the extreme increase in demand for automobiles, and the rapid rise of the automobile industry, one of the world's biggest marketplaces for automobiles is now China. However, because the energy used in traditional cars is petroleum-based traditional energy, environmental pollution problems such as the greenhouse effect and global warming have also emerged. In order to protect the "Lucid waters and lush mountains", a sustainable development strategy is proposed by the country. New energy vehicles can lessen China's reliance on conventional energy sources that are dependent on petroleum under this plan. This paper analyzes the future development trend of new energy vehicles in China and its reasons from the perspective of risk management. At the national level, the price risk, country risk, and risk cost of oil are analyzed, and it is concluded that the country will introduce more relevant policies to encourage the creation of new energy vehicles. At the enterprise level, the study of price risk and enterprise income risk clarifies the reasons for enterprises to invest in the manufacture and sales of new energy vehicles. At the individual level, the analysis of environmental risk, income risk, and loss control cost reveals the reasons individuals buy new energy vehicles. The analysis of the above three levels leads to the conclusion that China's energy vehicles are able to develop rapidly in the future.

A review on thermogravimetric analysis‐based analyses of the pyrolysis kinetics of oil shale and coal

AbstractSolid fossil fuels still support the development of the energy and chemical industry. The clean and efficient utilization of solid fossil fuels can effectively alleviate the problems of energy shortage and environmental pollution. An in‐depth understanding of the kinetic process, models, and mechanism of pyrolysis of solid fossil fuels is also of great significance for the exploration and utilization technologies of petroleum resources. Thermogravimetric analysis is an effective method to study the pyrolysis process and kinetics with the advantages of high sensitivity, repeatability, and reliability for data acquisition. Researchers have conducted a lot of research on the thermogravimetric kinetics of solid fossil fuels in recent years, but there is a lack of systematic summary and comparison of kinetic methods, research progress, and trends. Therefore, a comprehensive study on pyrolysis kinetic principles, methods, and models of solid fossil fuels by thermogravimetric analysis is carried out in this paper. The influencing factors of pyrolysis kinetics of solid fossil fuels using thermogravimetry are elaborated and discussed in detail. This study also provides progress in recent years and prospects of thermogravimetric kinetics of solid fossil fuels. It is expected that this paper can provide certain technical support and theoretical guidance for the research on pyrolysis kinetics based on thermogravimetric analysis, and the exploration and development, clean, and efficient utilization of solid fossil fuels.

Valuation Analysis of Lithium Battery Industry: Evidence from Kedali

In order to solve the problems of energy security and environmental pollution, governments are promoting the development of new energy industries to ensure the sustainable development of the human world. Among the new energy idustries, lithium batteries, as an important part of new energy vehicles, have widely used in recent years with the rise in sales of new energy vehicles. In China, with the increasing competition in the industry, various companies have different performances, and their business conditions affect the development of the entire new energy industry. Therefore, it is very necessary to build a reasonable value evaluation system for lithium battery companies to help related enterprises develop healthily and continue to operate, and market investors better understand the industry situation to make bright investment decisions. Based on the FCFF model, this paper analyzes the valuation of Kedali Company (one of the representative company in China's lithium battery industry), compares the intrinsic value of Kedali with the market value, and comes to the conclusion that the current stock price of Kedali is slightly undervalued. Finally, based on the conclusion, the investment risk analysis is presenetd for market investors, offering them some useful investment decisions.

Pengolahan Sampah Menjadi Bahan Kerajinan Untuk Mengurangi Sampah di Masyarakat

One way to maintain environmental comfort is to prioritize and prioritize the cleanliness of the environment where you live through cleanliness, especially waste management (Khairunnisa et al., 2019; Wati et al., 2021). Waste management is an inseparable part of environmental cleanliness, because waste is basically thrown away or dumped into the environment by humans, so it can have a negative impact on the environment. (Gelbert, Prihanto, & Suprihatin, 2010). Through good waste management, we can improve environmental quality and public health and convert waste into resources (Khairunnisa et al., 2019; Suryani, 2014). Improper handling of waste problems can endanger public health aspects due to environmental pollution and aesthetic problems.

Impacto del modelamiento Dinámico del Transporte Urbano en la evaluación de la contaminación ambiental del Distrito de pampas – Tayacaja

The growth of the population in cities leads to the generation of a series of activities that have a strong impact on the environment. One of them is activities related to urban transportation, negatively impacting the environment; as a result of motor vehicles in Peru that consume high gallons of fuel producing carbon dioxide CO2, Its accumulation in the atmosphere generates global warming and climate change. Another negative impact of urban transportation is sound pollution, due to the generation of noise during the activity. With the objective of understanding and proposing policies to change the problem of environmental pollution, The dynamic model has been built based on the system dynamics modeling process, a method of applying systemic thinking to understand and model the problem under study. It is concluded that policies to improve the use of alternative transportation such as bicycles, scooters and electric vehicles; They are forms of transportation that improve people's quality of life and, in turn, stabilize climate change in cities. reducing the massive emission of greenhouse gases, as well as the noise pollution caused by the vehicle fleet, reducing people's stress level.

Unlocking eco-industry: green knowledge and good manufacturing practice fish scale waste utilization

Scales such as fish waste are considered worthless, even though they can be used as raw materials for collagen-making. This fish waste management process also contributes to reducing the problem of environmental pollution due to the disposal of fish waste that is not managed correctly. This study aims to determine the relationship between green knowledge upskilling (GKU) of employees, good manufacturing practice (GMP), and eco-performance (EP). The research site was determined by conducting a census of the 35 personnel at PT Marine Biogel Indonesia in Boyolali. The research model uses structural equations (SEM), and the analysis method uses partial least squares. The results show that GKU has a positive and significant effect on GMP. Second, GKU has a positive and significant effect on EP. Third, GMP has a positive and significant effect on EP. Finally, GKU positively and significantly affects EP mediated by GMP. Implementing eco-friendly production practices can increase the utilization of fishing industry waste on a large scale.