Environmental Pollution Accidents Research Articles

Mechanism of emergency phytoremediation technology based on a 3D-QSAR pharmacological model.

The ability of transgenic plants to respond to sudden environmental pollution accidents has become viable. Nonetheless, there is a dearth of research regarding the mechanism by which transgenic plants degrade organic pollutants. Hence, this study aimed to elucidate the process of organic pollutant degradation by plants, offering theoretical support for the application of transgenic plant emergency phytoremediation technology. In this investigation, we developed a 3D-QSAR pharmacophore model to represent the collective impact of plant resistance and phytodegradation. This was achieved by employing integrated effect values following treatment with a sine function approach. Moreover, we have undertaken an inaugural exploration of the coregulatory mechanism involved in plant resistance and pollutant degradation within plants. Additionally, we applied virtual molecular modification techniques for analysis and validation, striving for a more indepth understanding of the molecular-level enhancement mechanism related to the degradation of pollutants within plant organisms. The mechanism analysis results of the Hypo 1 pharmacophore model were verified, indicating that hydrophobic characteristics affect the resistance and degradation of PCBs in plants, significantly affecting the degradation effect of pollutants in plants.

Adsorption performance and fitting of thermal runaway gases in power batteries on CuO-doped SnS monolayer: A DFT study

Thermal runaway failure of power batteries will release a large amount of thermal runaway gas (TRG), causing serious environmental pollution and safety accidents. Therefore, monitoring TRG is crucial to battery safety. In this paper, the adsorption capacity of TRG on SnS monolayer and SnS-CuO monolayer are compared based on DFT. SnS-CuO monolayer exhibits strong adsorption for C2H4 and CO. Compared with the SnS monolayer, the Eads are improved by 285.10 % and 527.24 %, respectively. Meanwhile, the electron affinity of TRG strongly correlates with adsorption properties (SSE < 0.06, R-square > 0.9, and RMSE < 0.2), indicating that it plays a significant role in explaining the adsorption characteristics of different TRG. Furthermore, the dielectric constant of the solvent exhibits a stronger correlation with the adsorptive properties of TRG (R-square > 0.96 and RMSE < 0.004), indicating the environmental tunability of TRG adsorption. In general, this research reveals the potential of SnS-CuO monolayer as a gas sensor for C2H4 and CO and provides theoretical guidance for exploring the impact of various TRG and solvent environments on the adsorption performance of SnS-CuO monolayer. It is expected to be widely used in TRG monitoring of power batteries in the future.

Photoreduced Ag+/sodium alginate supramolecular hydrogel as a sensitive SERS membrane substrate for rapid detection of uranyl ions

BackgroundIn the fields of environmental monitoring and nuclear emergency, in order to obtain the relevant information of uranyl-induced environmental pollution and nuclear accident, it is necessary to establish a rapid quantitative analytical technique for uranyl ions. As a new promising technique, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is hopeful to achieve this goal. However, uranyl ions are easily desorbed from SERS substrates under acidic conditions, and the structures of SERS substrates will be destroyed in the strong acidic aqueous solutions. Besides, the quantitative detection ability of SERS for uranyl ions needs to be promoted. Hence, it is necessary to develop new SERS substrates for accurate quantitative detection of trace uranyl in environmental water samples, especially in acidic solutions. ResultsIn this work, we prepared silver ions/sodium alginate supramolecular hydrogel membrane (Ag+/SA SMH membrane), and the Ag+ ions from the membrane were transformed into Ag/Ag2O complex nanoparticles under laser irradiation. The Raman signal of uranyl was strongly enhanced under the synergistic interaction of electromagnetic enhancement derived from the Ag nanoparticles and charge transfer enhancement between uranyl and Ag2O. Utilizing the peak of SA (550 cm−1) as an internal standard, a quantitative detection with a LOD of 6.7 × 10−9 mol L−1 was achieved due to a good linear relation of uranyl concentrations from 1.0 × 10−8 mol L−1 to 2 × 10−6 mol L−1. Furthermore, foreign metal ions hardly affected the SERS detection of uranyl, and the substrate could determine trace uranyl in natural water samples. Particularly, the acidity had no obvious effect on SERS signals of uranyl ions. Therefore, in addition to the detection of uranyl ions in natural water samples, the proposed strategy could also detect uranyl ions in strong acidic solutions. Significance and noveltyA simple one-step method was used to prepare an Ag+/SA SMH membrane for rapid quantitative detection of uranyl ions for the first time. The proposed substrate successfully detected uranyl ions under acidic conditions by immobilizing uranyl ion in hydrogel structure. In comparison with the previous studies, a more accurate quantitative analysis for uranyl ions was achieved by using an internal standard, and the proposed strategy could determine trace uranyl in either natural water samples or strong acidic solutions.

A chemical accident cause text mining method based on improved accident triangle

BackgroundWith the rapid development of China’s chemical industry, although researchers have developed many methods in the field of chemical safety, the situation of chemical safety in China is still not optimistic. How to prevent accidents has always been the focus of scholars’ attention.MethodsBased on the characteristics of chemical enterprises and the Heinrich accident triangle, this paper developed the organizational-level accident triangle, which divides accidents into group-level, unit-level, and workshop-level accidents. Based on 484 accident records of a large chemical enterprise in China, the Spearman correlation coefficient was used to analyze the rationality of accident classification and the occurrence rules of accidents at different levels. In addition, this paper used TF-IDF and K-means algorithms to extract keywords and perform text clustering analysis for accidents at different levels based on accident classification. The risk factors of each accident cluster were further analyzed, and improvement measures were proposed for the sample enterprises.ResultsThe results show that reducing unit-level accidents can prevent group-level accidents. The accidents of the sample enterprises are mainly personal injury accidents, production accidents, environmental pollution accidents, and quality accidents. The leading causes of personal injury accidents are employees’ unsafe behaviors, such as poor safety awareness, non-standard operation, illegal operation, untimely communication, etc. The leading causes of production accidents, environmental pollution accidents, and quality accidents include the unsafe state of materials, such as equipment damage, pipeline leakage, short-circuiting, excessive fluctuation of process parameters, etc.ConclusionCompared with the traditional accident classification method, the accident triangle proposed in this paper based on the organizational level dramatically reduces the differences between accidents, helps enterprises quickly identify risk factors, and prevents accidents. This method can effectively prevent accidents and provide helpful guidance for the safety management of chemical enterprises.

Measurement of Ammonia Leakage by TDLAS in Mid-Infrared Combined with an EMD-SG Filter Method

Ammonia (NH3) has been used as the main refrigerant in various types of cold storages, exceeding 90% of cooling applications. However, NH3 leakage occurs frequently due to damage of the refrigeration compressor, resulting in environmental pollution and intoxication accidents. Therefore, reliable and highly sensitive NH3 detection is a critical requirement in cold storage. In this paper, tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) is used to measure NH3 leakage, where a new denoising method combining empirical mode decomposition with the Savitzky-Golay smoothing algorithm (EMD-SG) is proposed to improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of absorbance signals. The results show that a 5.5 times improvement of SNR and 86% reduction of the linear fitting error in calibration is obtained; furthermore, this system achieves a detection limit of 0.2 ppm at an average time of 69 s by Allan variance analysis. Hence, it can be concluded that the EMD-SG algorithm can effectively improve the performance of TDLAS systems to meet the requirements for NH3 leakage detection in cold storages.

Exploration and Practice of Ideological and Political Construction in Environmental Pollution Accident Emergency Management Course

Exploration and Practice of Ideological and Political Construction in Environmental Pollution Accident Emergency Management Course

Opportunities for Multimodal Transport Development to Promote a Sustainable Environment

The rapidly growing global production and trade increase the demand for transport and logistics, leading to the establishment of increasingly more new companies providing these services. This also results in a much larger number of vehicles, which is not always a positive thing. Excessive vehicle traffic leads to an increase in environmental pollution, noise and traffic accidents, which have a highly negative impact on society and, more specifically, on human health. The negative impact on the environment has been increasing, and therefore representatives of national politics, the transport and logistics sectors should be alarmed and take action to reduce the environmental pollution. The development of the transport system should be carefully planned and geared towards achieving green and sustainable transport. In order to create a sustainable freight transport network, certain alternatives that could help to stop or at least reduce the process of environmental pollution should be pursued. One of such alternatives is the use of multimodal transport, which involves several different modes of transport for transporting one freight. This both distributes and reduces the burden on the currently dominant road transport mode, which contributes significantly to environmental pollution and is not sufficiently sustainable.

A lightweight network based on local–global feature fusion for real-time industrial invisible gas detection with infrared thermography

The detection of industrial invisible gas plays a vital role in preventing environmental pollution and fire accidents. Optical gas imaging (OGI) with infrared thermography is widely used in the field of gas leak monitoring and treatment by visualizing gases to quickly and accurately detect and locate the gas leak sources. However, this method still relies on manual visual inspection. Existing automatic visual gas detection methods suffer from insufficient gas feature extraction and high computational cost due to the indistinct gas features in thermal images. To address these problems, we propose a new lightweight network specialized for thermal gas feature extraction, namely GasViT, sufficiently extracting gas features at very low computational cost by local–global feature fusion. Specifically, two new feature extraction modules Multi-scale Fusion Feature Attention (MsFFA) and Multi-head Linear Self-attention (MhLSa) are proposed for GasViT. MsFFA enhances the gas local feature extraction ability by constructing multi-scale channel and spatial feature fusion maps, enabling the network to focus on more valid local information. MhLSa complements the gas global features with very low computational cost by efficiently encoding the global information of the image in terms of the innovative linear self-attention mechanism. Our experimental results on the self-made Industrial Invisible Gas (IIG) Dataset show GasViT achieves 82.7% mAP50, significantly outperforming the state-of-the-art lightweight networks. Moreover, GasViT achieves 33 FPS real-time detection with a running memory footprint of only 47.2 MB on edge computing devices, making it extremely suitable for portable and embedded detection devices than existing methods to cover gas leakage detection in complex and hazardous industrial scenarios.

Retracted: Urban Management in the Dynamic Relationship between the Occurrence of Environmental Pollution Accidents and Economic Development in China.

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1155/2022/3751028.].

Research and Application of Digital Monitoring System for Pulse Current Cathodic Protection of Oil Pipeline

The transportation of crude oil mainly relies on long-distance buried oil pipelines, which are generally made of steel pipes. Oil leakage often occurs due to corrosion, causing environmental pollution and unsafe accidents. A digital monitoring system for pulse current cathodic protection of oil pipelines was studied, with a focus on the composition and functions of the digital monitoring system for pulse current cathodic protection of oil pipelines. In 2022, the system was applied on two oil pipelines in Tongzhai operation area of the Third Oil Production Plant of Changqing oil field. The system realized the pulse current cathodic protection of oil pipelines to prevent corrosion. At the same time, it can digitally monitor the pulse current cathodic Conservation status status and adjust the working state of the potentiostat, and cooperate with the pulse current cathodic protection monitoring expert system for auxiliary analysis, which has received good economic and social benefits.

Analysis of the Current Situation, Problems and Countermeasures of China's Petrochemical Industry

The petrochemical industry is a pillar industry of China's national economy, which is related to people's food, clothing, housing and transportation. At present, China's petrochemical industry is large in scale and developing at a fast pace. However, influenced by epidemics and geopolitics, the petrochemical industry is operating under increased pressure. This paper starts from the current situation of China's petrochemical industry, analyses a series of problems that exist in the development process of China's petrochemical industry, and proposes corresponding solutions. The current industrial structural contradictions in China's petrochemical industry are so prominent that it is difficult to meet the needs of key national construction projects. At the same time, the long-standing problem of industry monopoly is not conducive to fair competition in China's petrochemical market. In addition, the petrochemical industry needs to reverse the inherent prejudice of serious environmental pollution and frequent safety accidents in the minds of the people. Therefore, accelerating the upgrading and optimisation of traditional industries, appropriately deregulating the market, adhering to green and low-carbon development and establishing a sound safety management system can effectively solve the current difficulties faced by China's petrochemical industry.

Limit load prediction analysis of X80 pipeline containing corrosion in mountainous landslide section

Currently in China X80 pipeline laying mostly concentrated in mountainous areas, oil and gas pipeline transmission distance, through the complex and diverse terrain, the pipeline by the buried environment will not only appear corrosion defects, but also by the impact of soil slippage to reduce the pressure-bearing capacity of the pipeline, resulting in pipeline perforation, broken, leading to oil and gas leakage accidents, further leading to fire, explosion and environmental pollution and other major safety accidents. In view of the important strategic position of oil and gas pipelines and the severity of accident hazards, it is important to study the ultimate bearing capacity of buried corroded pipelines. With this purpose, this paper analyzes the existing pipe-soil coupling theories based on the large-scale test in the field, optimizes the nonlinear contact model, and establishes a nonlinear corroded pipe-soil interaction model and verifies its accuracy. By using the existing soil load application function and coupling the actual soil slip data, the inhomogeneous movement of soil slip is realized. Based on the existing corrosion size characterization methods, the effect of corrosion size on the ultimate load carrying capacity of intact pipes was further verified by means of a combination of FEA and experiments. Specifically, the effects of soil slip under no load and internal pressure coupled conditions on the mechanical behavior of corroded pipelines are compared and analyzed; the necessity of considering soil slip is clarified; the influencing factors such as pipe corrosion size, operating internal pressure, and corrosion position are analyzed to reveal the failure mechanism of buried corroded pipelines in mountainous areas. By using the pipe displacement at the strain failure as the evaluation index, and using the dimensional analysis method to reveal the relationship between each influencing factor and the ultimate load, the ultimate load prediction formula for corroded pipelines under soil slip actions is derived. The research results can help evaluate the safety condition of existing operating pipelines, release early warning for the structure safety of pipelines, and provide guidance for the safety protection of pipelines in mountainous areas.

Numerical investigation on the migration of leaked pollutants after liquid pressurized pipeline leakage regarding oil and gas parallel pipelines situation

Buried parallel pipelines may cause environmental pollution and explosive accidents after leakage due to corrosion, third-party damage or other factors. Here, an actual oil pipeline in-situ is employed as a prototype to establish a two-dimensional incompressible leakage and diffusion model. The model was applied to analyze the effects of different parameters including pipe diameters, burial depths and flat spacing to other pipelines on the diffusion distance of spilled diesel fuel in porous media. The results show that the existence of natural gas pipeline can change both of the polluted shape and the distance range. The natural gas pipeline can effectively inhibit the diffusion range of diesel with the increase of pipe diameter and the decrease of buried depth. A smaller spacing between parallel transmission pipelines, also results in a reduced horizontal diffusion rang. Meanwhile, the dimensionless formulas are fitted based on the Π theorem regarding diesel diffusion range versus diameter of gas pipeline, buried depth, and spacing between parallel pipelines. This study can develop appropriate protocols for detecting and recovering contaminants from paralleling pipeline.

Microwave-aided pyrolysis and fragmentation of tar-rich coal and rocks for in situ coal conversion and clean utilization

British Petroleum predicts that coal will account for the largest share in energy resources for power generation until 2040. The U.S. Energy Information Administration forecasts that coal will remain a key component of the country's national electricity portfolio at least until 2040. However, due to serious issues including high carbon emissions, environmental pollution, surface subsidence, resource wastage, and mining accidents associated with traditional coal mining and utilization patterns, international communities have called for the abandonment of coal use and adoption of renewable resources. To overcome the disadvantages, we proposed a novel approach for achieving in situ conversion and power generation using subsurface coal. An earthworm-shaped intelligent unmanned mining machine (IUMM) was designed to use high-power microwave energy to pulverize and pyrolyze coal into particles that can be used for power generation via chemical conversion. In this study, we used IUMM-based technology for in situ conversion and utilization of tar-rich coal and recovery of oil and gas from the coal. We quantified the pyrolysis efficiency of the tar-rich coal and the surrounding sandstone as well as the gas–liquid overflow rate of the coal under various high-power microwave irradiation conditions. The critical microwave energy threshold for discriminating tar-rich coal from the surrounding sandstone was determined, which will help to realise automatic pyrolysis of tar-rich coal by IUMM and minimise the damage caused by high-energy microwave radiation to the surrounding rock. This work aids in the production of cleaner energy, while ensuring energy security.

Literature Review on Power Battery Echelon Reuse and Recycling from a Circular Economy Perspective.

Developing new energy vehicles (NEVs) is necessary to grow the low-carbon vehicle industry. Many concentrated end-of-life (EoL) power batteries will cause large-scale environmental pollution and safety accidents when the time comes to replace the first generation of batteries if improper recycling and disposal methods are utilized. Significant negative externalities will result for the environment and other economic entities. When recycling EoL power batteries, some countries need to solve problems about lower recycling rates, unclear division of echelon utilization scenarios, and incomplete recycling systems. Therefore, this paper first analyzes representative countries' power battery recycling policies and finds out the reasons for the low recycling rate in some countries. It is also found that echelon utilization is the critical link to EoL power battery recycling. Secondly, this paper summarizes the existing recycling models and systems to form a complete closed-loop recycling process from the two stages of consumer recycling and corporate disposal of batteries. The policies and recycling technologies are highly concerned with echelon utilization, but few studies focus on analyzing application scenarios of echelon utilization. Therefore, this paper combines cases to delineate the echelon utilization scenarios clearly. Based on this, the 4R EoL power battery recycling system is proposed, which improves the existing recycling system and can recycle EoL power batteries efficiently. Finally, this paper analyzes the existing policy problems and existing technical challenges. Based on the actual situation and future development trends, we propose development suggestions from the government, enterprises, and consumers to achieve the maximum reused of EoL power batteries.

Leak detection method for the jet fuel pipeline based on IUPEMD and DTWSVM

Jet fuel pipeline leakage will cause environmental pollution and safety-related accidents; therefore, the leak detection of jet fuel pipeline is a crucial for pipeline management. Compared with negative pressure waves, acoustic waves exhibit better attenuation resistance and longer propagation distance. However, acoustic waves are easily disturbed by noise, causing the acoustic signals to mix with a large amount of noise and reducing the detection system’s accuracy to identify pipeline leaks. An improved uniform phase empirical mode decomposition (IUPEMD) denoising method is proposed in this paper. Compared with other denoising methods, intrinsic modal functions with more leakage information can be selected according to the similarity coefficient for signal reconstruction. The reconstructed signal retains the leak information to a greater extent, making the noise content extremely low, which can effectively improve the leak identification accuracy of the leak detection system. To accurately determine the leakage of pipeline and solve the problem of low accuracy of recognition model, this paper establishes a deep learning twin support vector machine (DTWSVM) for identifying the state of pipeline based on deep learning and twin support vector machine, which can automatically extract the leakage feature information and accurately determine the leakage of pipeline based on the feature information. The experimental analysis demonstrates that the IUPEMD denoising method can effectively filter the noise in the signal. The DTWSVM model showed very high recognition accuracy, and its leakage recognition accuracy can reach 99.6%.

Environmental Impact Assessment of a Wharf Oil Spill Emergency on a River Water Source

In recent years, there have been frequent water pollution emergencies, which seriously threaten the environment of water supply sources and affect the safety and quality of the water supply. These emergencies have aroused concern from the public and the government and highlight the necessity of plans for the emergency treatment of the affected water sources. In this paper, a sudden pollution of a river drinking water source is used as the research object. A mathematical simulation method was used to investigate the water quality near and downstream of a wharf in the state of a sudden oil spill. The wharf is located 1.34 km upstream of the water intake position of this river water source. Based on our investigation, we have established a risk assessment method for an oil spill emergency pollution event. Our aim was to provide a basis for the assessment of the water intake quality and water safety status of a river-based water plant and to provide technical support for developing an effective treatment plan in the event of a sudden environmental pollution accident.

Dye mineralization under UV/H2O2 promoted by chloride ion at high concentration and the generation of chlorinated byproducts

Chloride ion (Cl−) may promote or inhibit the oxidation of specific organic compounds treated by hydroxyl radical based advanced oxidation processes (HR-AOPs) depending on the reactivity of chlorine radicals towards the organics. However, the effects of high contents of Cl− on the removal of total organic compounds (TOC) in high salinity organic wastewater treated by HR-AOPs were unclear. The removal and mineralization of azo dye Orange II (OrgII) by UV/H2O2 process with Cl− at high contents under various pH conditions were investigated. As the pH conditions increased higher than pH 5, TOC removal rates increased slightly possibly related to the increase of O2− production and the reduce of futile decomposition of H2O2 into O2. Cl− at relative high concentration (1000 and 2000 mM) significantly promoted the mineralization of dyes with TOC removal increasing by 10 %–40 % under both acid and alkaline conditions. The proposed mechanism is that the reaction of Cl− with OH would decline the decomposition of H2O2 into O2 by inhibiting the reaction between OH and H2O2, and the generated chlorine species (Cl and Cl2−) could further promote the oxidation of dye molecules into intermediates and be helpful for the subsequent mineralization process. In addition, H2O2 and Cl− can slowly react to give HClO and ClO−, which may partly contribute to the decolorization and mineralization of OrgII. Meanwhile, an appropriate relative proportion between Cl2− and OH depending on Cl− contents and pH conditions is important to enhance the TOC removal. However, the formation of various chlorinated byproducts especially under alkaline condition may increase the risk of environmental pollution accidents. The results demonstrate the promotion of TOC removal by UV/H2O2 under certain high contents of Cl− and provide new insight into the application of HR-AOPs to the pretreatment of high salinity organic wastewater.

Application of solid-phase microextraction in atomic spectrometry

With the growing requirements for the monitoring of heavy metals at an ultra-trace level in the environment and the real-time detection of toxic elements and their compounds for environmental pollution accidents, researchers devoted significant efforts to seeking atomic spectrometric methods that can be used for the simple, low cost, rapid, and field usable detection of targeted elements and their pollutants. Although conventional atomic spectrometric methods can easily realize the routine analysis of toxic elements in various samples in the laboratory, their bulky instruments and the complex sample matrix of environmental samples limit their further applications in field environmental analysis and complex sample analysis. Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) is an environmentally-friendly sample pre-treatment technique, which can significantly simplify sample pretreatment, increase sensitivity, and reduce the interference from the sample matrix, thus being one of the most ideal sampling techniques for the detection of ultra-trace toxic elements and their compounds by atomic spectrometry (AS) with high sensitivity and good selectivity. During the past decades, significant developments of SPME-AS including novel coating nanomaterials, desorption mode, miniaturized spectrometer, and its use for field elemental analysis have been made to improve the analytical performance in the detection of toxic elements and their pollutants. Herein, we present a short review concerning recent advances in elemental analysis by SPME-AS. Particularly, we highlight their application in the field of environmental analysis based on combing SPME with the available microplasma-based atomic spectrometer. The conclusion section addresses the current challenges and gives an outlook on potential future trends in the field of elemental analysis and elemental speciation analysis.

Ultra-high gas sensing properties of porous Cr2O3@SnO2 composite toward NOx based on the p-p heterostructure

In recent years, environmental pollution and industrial accidents caused by the leakage of harmful gas are ever-increasing, and advanced gas sensors have been considered to be one of the main strategies for environmental monitoring and industrial safety control. Herein, Cr2O3 film decorated disordered porous SnO2 (Cr2O3@SnO2) composite was synthesized as an effective gas sensor toward NOx gas. The response of the Cr2O3@SnO2 gas sensor toward 100 ppm NOx gas could reach 71 % and the response time is 2.5 s. Meanwhile, the minimum detection level toward NOx gas is only 0.3 ppm, which is pretty lower compared to other materials reported before. The excellent gas-sensitive performance is attributed to the unique heterostructure formed between the Cr2O3 film and the SnO2 matrix, and electrons in this area can migrate to overcome the barrier with less energy. As a result, O2 and NOx gas can draw electrons from the Cr2O3@SnO2 gas sensor easily, thus leading to improved gas-sensitive performance. More importantly, this research provides a new idea to synthesize effective NOx gas-sensitive materials based on the p-p heterostructure.