Societies worldwide face increasingly complex and interconnected crises that challenge their capacity for resilience. Assessing which structural indicators are most strongly associated with resilience scores requires quantitative methods capable of handling interdependencies, nonlinearities, and limited sample sizes. This study applies established global sensitivity analysis tools within an empirical resilience setting characterized by correlated structural indicators and small cross-national datasets. Using 124 indicators from the Joint Research Centre Resilience Dashboards, we analyze model-based structural correlates of societal resilience across EU Member States using the Lloyd's Register Foundation World Risk Poll Resilience Index for 2021 and 2023. Following univariate Pearson correlation screening and Random Forest stability selection, Shapley-based variance decomposition is computed on a Polynomial Chaos Expansion (PCE) surrogate, enabling equitable attribution under correlated inputs. For 2023, the results indicate a concentrated attribution structure, with a small core of indicators accounting for most explained variance (R2 = 0.85). Active citizenship has the largest model-based contribution, followed by antimicrobial resistance and years of life lost due to PM2.5 exposure, suggesting strong associations with social capital and environmental health under sustained polycrisis conditions. Environmental innovation, ecological conditions, and macroeconomic buffering form a secondary tier of contributors. By contrast, the 2021 model exhibits a more diffuse attribution profile (R2 = 0.82), with resilience scores associated more evenly with active citizenship, adult competences, digital readiness, and labor-market adjustment. Leave-one-out validation suggests that these attribution patterns are not dominated by single-country exclusions, although uncertainty remains substantial in a small cross-sectional sample. Overall, the comparison indicates a shift in the fitted attribution structure from broader recovery-oriented human-capital and digital indicators in 2021 toward more concentrated structural contributions linked to social and environmental conditions in 2023, offering a transparent methodological framework for comparative resilience analysis in small-sample policy settings.

Purpose This study aims to examine the mediating role of green knowledge sharing on the relationship between green transformational leadership (GTL) and green innovation. Design/methodology/approach A quantitative research design was adopted, with data collected from small to medium enterprises (SME) respondents. The hypothesised relationships were tested using partial least squares-structural equation modelling, which enabled the simultaneous assessment of measurement and structural models, as well as mediation effects. Findings The results of this study indicated that GTL has a significant positive effect on green innovation and green knowledge sharing. Green knowledge sharing also significantly influenced green innovation and partially mediated the relationship between GTL and green innovation. These findings suggest that leadership influences environmental innovation both directly and indirectly through knowledge-based processes. Practical implications The findings of this study highlight the need for organisations to develop leadership capabilities that foster not only environmental commitment but also knowledge-sharing cultures that enable innovation. Originality/value By integrating the Natural Resource-Based View and the Knowledge-Based View, this study provides a process-oriented explanation of how leadership capabilities are translated into environmental innovation outcomes. The findings revealed that green knowledge sharing is a critical mechanism linking GTL and green innovation, thereby addressing the “black box” in prior research. This study also contributes empirical evidence from Zimbabwean manufacturing SMEs, a context that remains underexplored in sustainability research. Overall, this study advances understanding of green innovation as a knowledge-driven organisational capability.

Innovation capability is a core competency for nursing college students to adapt to the development of modern nursing and meet clinical demands. This study applied innovation ecosystem theory and aimed to identify the latent profile types of nursing college students' innovation capability and their associated factors, to provide a basis for formulating targeted training strategies. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 1,086 nursing college students using a self-designed "Questionnaire on Innovation Capability of Nursing College Students" with good reliability and validity. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to classify the innovation capability types. The innovation capability of nursing college students was divided into four latent profile types: Low Innovation Capability Type (22.65%), Low-Medium Innovation Capability Type (32.97%), Medium-High Innovation Capability Type (29.93%) and High Innovation Capability Type (14.46%), showing a distribution characteristic of "larger in the middle and smaller at both ends". Multiple linear regression analysis showed that weekly self-directed learning time for innovation knowledge (β'=0.298), number of innovation competition participations (β'=0.234), clinical internship experience (β'=0.189) and age (analyzed as a continuous variable, β'=0.123) were significant positive predictors of innovation capability (all P < 0.001). The total score of innovation capability of nursing college students was 67.64 ± 8.36, with the lowest average score in the Innovation Environment dimension (2.58 ± 0.52) and the highest in the Innovation Motivation dimension (2.92 ± 0.50). Nursing college students' innovation capability presents obvious heterogeneous characteristics with four distinct profile types. Weekly self-directed learning time for innovation knowledge, participation in innovation competitions, clinical internship experience and age were identified as key factors associated with higher innovation capability. These findings suggest that targeted training strategies such as differentiated cultivation, strengthening clinical innovation training, improving self-directed learning ability and optimizing innovation incentive mechanisms may help enhance nursing college students' innovation capability. Longitudinal and interventional studies are warranted to confirm these effects.

Tourism has become a key sector for Uzbekistan's economic diversification, boosting employment and foreign exchange through rapid tourist growth. However, this development has led to increased waste, resource consumption, and over-tourism risks in UNESCO cities, straining the environment and infrastructure. The study analyzes statistics, policy documents, and institutional practices, identifying gaps in digitalization and regional imbalances. Initiatives like ecotourism zones, visa liberalization, and international partnerships offer potential for a sustainable model transition. An integrated governance framework–combining environmental regulation, innovation, and community involvement–ensures long-term tourism competitiveness.

Purpose This study proposes a conceptual framework for strategic sourcing tailored to Project Management Offices (PMOs) operating in complex Research, Development and Innovation (R&D&I) environments, examining how R&D&I PMOs orchestrate sourcing by identifying key elements and practices that define this strategic role. Design/methodology/approach This study uses a qualitative approach grounded in a three-year ethnographic immersion within a military scientific, technological and innovation institution. Data collection involved participant observation, document analysis and informal interviews, enabling an in-depth examination of sourcing dynamics. Findings The resulting framework integrates three interdependent pillars: five foundational sourcing dimensions; a strategic make-or-buy decision matrix; and management categories aligned with R&D&I operations. The findings show that PMOs coordinate strategic sourcing by integrating internal and external capabilities, thereby enhancing organizational responsiveness in complex innovation ecosystems. Research limitations/implications While the single-case ethnographic study focuses on the aerospace and defense sector, the framework distinguishes between general conceptual pillars and context-specific applications, supporting its conceptual transferability to other highly regulated sectors such as healthcare and pharmaceuticals. The study provides actionable guidance for managing technological uncertainty and power dynamics, while addressing economic, political and teaching implications. Practical implications The proposed framework offers PMO managers a strategic sourcing model suited to complex environments such as the defense sector. It strengthens decision-making by making make-or-buy tradeoffs explicit, documented and comparable across technology acquisition, capability development, outsourcing boundaries and interinstitutional partnerships under confidentiality and intellectual property constraints. The model addresses recurring problems in R&D&I settings, including fragmented criteria, inconsistent rationales and limited traceability, enhancing transparency, governance and alignment with organizational goals. It positions the PMO as a strategic actor in acquisition and technological alliance decisions, offering guidance for institutional adaptation, particularly relevant for public organizations facing budgetary and regulatory constraints. Social implications The societal implications of this study stem from the role of the R&D&I PMO as a catalyst for technological sovereignty and national development. By structuring strategic sourcing in highly complex environments, the proposed model strengthens the national technological and industrial base, reduces dependence on external critical technologies and enhances innovation capacity. The findings show that dual-use R&D projects generate positive spillovers for industry and academia, fostering regional development and national competitiveness. By coordinating government, industry and research institutions through the Triple Helix, the PMO helps ensure that R&D&I investments translate into tangible socioeconomic benefits for society. Originality/value This research addresses the underexplored intersection of strategic sourcing, project management and innovation governance. It goes beyond theoretical abstraction by providing a model for navigating technological uncertainty. It explores how emerging digital technologies (such as Artificial Intelligence and blockchain) can refine decision-making and support the automation of Intellectual Property safeguards.

ABSTRACT Amid the wave of the digital revolution, the openness of public data served as a crucial measure to advance the construction of Digital China and promote enterprise digital transformation. Based on data from A-share listed enterprises between 2007 and 2023, this study employed the quasi-natural experiment of local governments launching public data platforms. Using a staggered difference-in-differences (DID) model and drawing on innovation ecosystem theory, the study explored the relationship between public data openness and enterprise digital transformation. The findings indicated that public data openness facilitated enterprise digital transformation, and this effect remained robust after various tests. The innovation ecosystem functioned as an important intermediary in this relationship. Specifically, public data openness promoted digital transformation by encouraging enterprises to increase innovation resource investment, optimise the innovation environment, and strengthen innovation collaboration. Further analysis revealed that absorptive and adaptive capacities reinforced the positive impact of public data openness on digital transformation, with the effect of absorptive capacity being more pronounced. Additionally, the promotion effect was stronger among non-state-owned enterprises and firms with lower operational efficiency. Public data openness was also found to promote digital transformation from multiple dimensions, with a greater effect on the transformation of underlying technological applications than on the application of digital technologies. Among these, cloud computing transformation benefited the most. Finally, the digital transformation driven by public data openness simultaneously enhanced enterprises’ economic performance and optimised their ESG ratings. The research findings contributed to a deeper understanding of the value creation role of public data openness in facilitating enterprise digital transformation.

ABSTRACT This study investigates the relationship between variations in the design of climate policy mixes and their impact on environmental innovation (EI). Specifically, it theoretically explores the interplay of these policy design factors and their potential influence on EI before empirically examining whether larger policy mixes, a greater diversity of policy instruments, and an increased emphasis on green industrial policies contribute to a higher share of environmentally related patents. By integrating insights from the literature on EI and policy mixes, this research develops a systematic approach to capturing the dynamics of climate policy mixes and is the first to separately analyze the distinct role of green industrial policies. The study examines policy mixes across 13 OECD countries (Australia, Belgium, Canada, Finland, Germany, Greece, Italy, Ireland, Japan, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, Sweden) from 1990 to 2020, using a Bayesian hierarchical model and a novel dataset, CLIMAPP, to map policy design variations. The results indicate that the overall size of a climate policy mix is the strongest predictor of a higher share of EI, while policy diversity and the emphasis on green industrial policies do not play a significant role. Furthermore, the findings highlight a previously underexplored aspect: the operational logic of green industrial policies has remained largely unchanged over the past decades, potentially limiting their ability to drive radical innovation.

ABSTRACT Regional institutional fragmentation and local protectionism hinder cross-regional collaborative innovation. This study examines how government digital transformation facilitates cross-regional collaborative innovation by improving governance capacity. Combining patent text data with government procurement contracts, we find that government digital transformation significantly promotes firms’ cross-regional collaborative innovation on average, while the relationship is non-linear with a threshold: very low levels may temporarily disrupt collaboration, but effects become increasingly positive beyond a critical level. Mechanism tests indicate that digital transformation improves the innovation environment by strengthening institutional safeguards and reducing transaction costs and uncertainty, and it enhances the supply of innovation factors by promoting cross-regional capital and labor mobility. The effects are stronger for growth-stage firms and non-technology-intensive firms, and in cities with stronger intellectual property protection. These findings highlight government digital transformation as an important governance mechanism for reducing regional institutional barriers and fostering cross-regional innovation networks.

Purpose Digital business model innovation (BMI) is increasingly pivotal for sustaining competitive advantage in the digital economy, yet scholars know little about how traditional manufacturing firms discard obsolete beliefs and routines to seize digital opportunities. Grounded in dynamic capability and institutional theories, this study examines how unlearning enables digital BMI through dynamic capability and how institutional forces condition this mechanism. Design/methodology/approach The study employed a two-wave survey of 207 Chinese manufacturing firms to mitigate common method bias and strengthen causal inference. The model was tested using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Findings Our findings reveal that organizational unlearning exerts a positive direct effect on digital BMI. Moreover, dynamic capability mediates this relationship, indicating that unlearning drives digital BMI by renewing firms' capacity to sense and seize digital opportunities. Additionally, institutional forces moderate the unlearning–capability pathway: dysfunctional competition dampens, whereas government financial support amplifies the path. Originality/value Our study advances digital BMI research by pinpointing unlearning as a critical antecedent and by clarifying when its advantages are effective in the digital economy. These insights offer practical guidance for managers to dismantle legacy routines, invest in capability development and leverage public finance to counteract institutional voids. For policymakers, the findings underscore the importance of providing targeted financial support and strengthening intellectual property regimes to foster a positive environment for innovation.

This study examines how governance and financial development shape environmental innovation across a panel of 18 countries (9 advanced and 9 emerging markets) over 1990–2020. Environmental innovation is proxied by OECD fractional patent counts for environment-related technologies, environmental management technologies, climate change mitigation, and climate change adaptation. Governance is measured using the regulatory quality indicator from the Worldwide Governance Indicators. We estimate dynamic panel models using both Difference GMM and System GMM, including year dummies and collapsed instruments. Overall, the results reveal pronounced heterogeneity across technology types and market contexts. Higher regulatory quality is associated with higher environmental innovation, most consistently for environment-related, environmental management, and mitigation technologies, particularly in emerging countries, while the relationship with adaptation technologies is weaker and less robust across country groups. Financial institutions and financial markets display heterogeneous effects between emerging and advanced economies. Results are broadly consistent when splitting the sample into pre- and post-Paris Agreement periods.

“Hidden figures”: Women in R&amp;D teams and the environmental product and process innovations of foreign subsidiaries

Introduction. Global ecological transformation requires agricultural enterprises to transition to sustainable development models in response to rising environmental risks and evolving ESG standards. The study is relevant given the need to develop new sources of investment support to implement environmental innovations as a key factor in competitiveness. Purpose. The purpose of the article is to deepen the theoretical and methodological foundations for the formation of a system of investment support for environmentally innovative measures by agricultural enterprises to strengthen their market positions under conditions of sustainable development. Materials and methods. The work uses methods of systemic and comparative analysis, theoretical generalization of concepts of innovative development ("Triple Helix" and "Porter's hypothesis"), and analytical reports from the OECD and FAO. Structural and functional modeling is used to develop the architectonics of integrated competitiveness. Results. The formation of theoretical approaches to ecological development was studied, and the key areas of implementation of ecological innovations were systematized: the use of renewable energy sources (biogas plants, solar stations), energy-efficient technologies, digitalization of monitoring (IoT, GIS), biotechnological solutions, organic production, and precision farming systems. It was established that eco-innovations have a “double effect”: ecological (emission reduction, soil restoration) and economic (cost optimization, value growth, increased investment attractiveness). The concept of integrated eco-innovation competitiveness was developed, based on the synergy among investment and financial (sources of capital), eco-innovation (technological renewal), and competitive and market (export potential, brand) components. It was determined that an effective investment support system should integrate “green” financing tools, ESG investments, grant resources, and public-private partnership mechanisms to achieve the goals of ecological modernization. Further research in this area. The implementation of the proposed approaches will ensure the agricultural sector's adaptation to global challenges and strengthen market positions by introducing closed production cycles. Further research will focus on developing applied tools to assess enterprises' ESG maturity to access international financial resources.

This study examines how Green Human Resource Management (GHRM) practices influence the sustainable performance of healthcare companies in Indonesia, while also exploring whether green innovation and green employee behaviour play a mediating role in that relationship. Data were collected through a questionnaire survey distributed to 200 medical and non-medical employees across several Jakarta-based hospitals that have already adopted GHRM practices, and the data were then analysed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) via SmartPLS. The findings consistently show that GHRM positively and significantly influences corporate sustainable performance, green innovation, and green employee behaviour. In turn, both green innovation and green employee behaviour also independently contribute to improved sustainable performance. Perhaps most notably, both variables partially mediate the relationship between GHRM and sustainable performance, suggesting that GHRM does not solely work through direct channels; much of its impact is channelled through how employees think, behave, and innovate at work. In other words, when green HR practices are embedded into an organisation's daily operations, they gradually reshape workplace culture, encourage environmentally conscious behaviour, and stimulate innovation that reduces ecological impact. Overall, these findings paint a fairly clear picture: when hospitals invest seriously in green HR practices, the effects ripple outward, shaping employee behaviour, sparking environmental innovation, and ultimately lifting the organisation's long-term sustainability performance.

Agricultural resilience has emerged as an increasingly important research domain in response to global challenges related to climate change, food security, environmental degradation, and sustainable agricultural development. This study aims to map the development, intellectual structure, collaboration patterns, and emerging themes of agricultural resilience research published between 2012 and 2024. A bibliometric approach was employed using scholarly publications indexed in Scopus as the primary data source. The collected bibliographic data were analyzed using VOSviewer to examine publication trends, co-authorship networks, institutional collaboration, country collaboration, citation structures, keyword co-occurrence, overlay visualization, and density mapping. The findings indicate that agricultural resilience research has experienced substantial growth and developed into a multidisciplinary field integrating environmental science, agricultural systems, sustainability studies, and technological innovation. Collaboration analysis identified the United States, China, and India as dominant contributors and central actors in global research networks, while institutional and author analyses revealed the existence of several interconnected scholarly communities. Citation analysis showed that the field is strongly influenced by foundational works on planetary boundaries, ecosystem resilience, climate-smart agriculture, biodiversity conservation, and sustainable development. Keyword mapping demonstrated that major themes include climate change, agriculture, food security, sustainable agriculture, crop resilience, and ecosystem management, with recent developments increasingly emphasizing precision agriculture, machine learning, physiological stress, and adaptive agricultural technologies.

BackgroundHospital-based makerspaces have emerged as collaborative environments for technical innovation, where designers cocreate with health care professionals and patients to resolve specific problems experienced in practice. As end users, patients can offer unique insights that could drive the development of patient-centered health care services or research. However, cocreation with patients within a makerspace environment is still rare—representing a missed opportunity to use their insights to develop innovations that meet their needs. Patient-designer interactions are underaddressed in the literature, and a deeper understanding could enhance their effectiveness.ObjectiveThe study aimed to explore the experiences of designers and patients (or their carers) cocreating in an academic hospital–based makerspace, using a bottom-up approach.MethodsA generic qualitative study was conducted using semistructured individual interviews based on the Sunnybrook team–based competencies and design thinking methodology. A heterogeneous sample of 12 participants was recruited from a makerspace in an academic hospital in the Netherlands, comprising 6 with a designer’s perspective and 6 with a patient’s perspective. Most participants were involved in collaborative pairs, representing both perspectives within the same innovation project. Data were analyzed thematically.ResultsFour key themes emerged from the data: (1) dealing with the patient’s situations, (2) integrating different perspectives, (3) feeling valuable and useful, and (4) dynamic interplay and engagement. Collaboration with patients in this hospital-based makerspace was perceived as valuable for innovation development, benefiting from diverse perspectives. However, the degree of patient involvement varied, influenced by factors such as the patient’s health status, reachability, and interest in innovation development.ConclusionsThis study highlights the complexity of developing technical innovations that involve hospitalized patients. It offers valuable insights into how both patients and designers generally viewed their collaboration in the makerspace positively. Practical recommendations for hospital-based makerspaces include respecting patient autonomy, involving patients early and consistently throughout all development phases, maintaining communication beyond the formal collaboration period, and actively seeking feedback.

Utilizing panel data from A-share listed companies spanning from 2007 to 2022, this study constructs a partial linear double machine learning model to empirically examine the impact of smart city pilot policy on firm innovation. The empirical findings reveal that: (1) The pilot policy for smart cities can significantly enhance the innovation capability of firms, with the core conclusion remaining robust after undergoing various robustness tests, including model reconfiguration, alteration of dependent variable, consideration of parallel policies, and addressing endogeneity issues. Dynamic analysis reveals that the policy effects are characterized by time lags and persistence. (2) Smart cities can bolster firm innovation through three mechanisms: the enhancing effect of digital market construction, the optimizing effect of the innovation environment, and the elevating effect of human capital. (3) At the urban level, the innovation-promoting effect of smart cities is more pronounced in eastern cities and non-natural resource-based cities. At the corporate level, this effect is more significant among groups with low financing constraints, non-state-owned firms, non-resource-intensive firms, and non-high-tech firms.

Innovation is often assumed to generae customer loyalty in a uniform and linear manner. However, in emerging markets, institutional legitimacy and foreign-versus-local positioning may shape how consumers interpret innovativeness signals. Drawing on institutional legitimacy theory, branding research on perceived innovativeness, and nonlinear marketing response theory, this study examines when and under what conditions consumer perceived innovativeness (CPI) translates into customer loyalty. Using survey data from 12,757 consumers evaluating 43 firms across eight industries in Vietnam, we combine multi-group structural equation modeling with generalized additive models to examine nonlinear conversion dynamics. The results show that CPI positively strengthens brand trust, confirming its role as a credibility signal across firm types. However, loyalty effects emerge only after legitimacy-based activation thresholds are reached. Environmental and social innovation shifts these activation dynamics for domestic firms, suggesting a compensatory legitimacy mechanism, whereas the evidence for lower activation thresholds among foreign firms is directional rather than statistically robust. Overall, the findings indicate that innovativeness functions as a conditional credibility signal rather than a uniformly effective driver of loyalty, highlighting the importance of legitimacy-building mechanisms in emerging market contexts.

Environmental licensing law plays a strategic role as a development control instrument in supporting the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals. This study aims to analyze the regulation of environmental licensing law within the framework of sustainable development, examine the role of environmental licensing in supporting the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals, and formulate an integration model of environmental licensing law based on Sustainable Development Goals as an environmental policy innovation. This research employs normative legal research using statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches. The results indicate that environmental licensing regulations in Indonesia, through Law Number 32 of 2009, the Job Creation Law, and Government Regulation Number 22 of 2021, have integrated sustainable development principles through Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), Environmental Management and Monitoring Efforts (UKL-UPL), and environmental approvals. The implementation of environmental licensing is directly related to the achievement of SDGs, particularly in water resource protection, climate change mitigation, and ecosystem preservation. However, challenges remain, including weak supervision, limited institutional capacity, and minimal public participation. This study proposes an integration model of environmental licensing law based on Sustainable Development Goals through regulatory strengthening, sustainable environmental governance, and integration of SDGs indicators into licensing processes. This model is expected to enhance the effectiveness of environmental licensing law as an innovative instrument to support sustainable development in a systematic and sustainable manner.

ABSTRACT Despite growing interest in corporate environmental and sustainability issues, empirical evidence on the relationships between firm-level environmental initiatives and financial performance across different formal institutions, especially in developing economies, remains limited. Drawing on a sample of 6,418 firm-year observations from 10 industries across 23 developing countries, we employ fixed-effects panel regression models to examine the effects of corporate environmental initiatives on firm value and the moderating roles of formal institutions. Our results reveal that efficiency in resource use enhances firm value, whereas environmental innovation and emissions reduction have no significant effect. Furthermore, formal institutions are positively associated with firm value but weaken the positive association between environmental initiatives and firm value. Our findings remain robust to endogeneity issues and various sensitivity tests. Our additional analysis further demonstrates that corporate governance increases the financial benefits of efficiency in resource use. Additionally, we find a positive association between carbon emissions and firm value, and formal institutions negatively moderate this association. This study is among the first to explore the relationships among environmental initiatives, firm value, and formal institutions in developing economies. Our findings offer important policy and practical implications with regard to corporate sustainability, national governance systems, and grand ecological challenges.

The effects of spillover from the employee pro-environmental behaviour to the employee innovative behaviour through self-efficacy and moderated by employee environmental awareness.