Environmental Adaptation Strategies Research Articles

Adaptive plasticity of morphological and anatomical traits of Brant’s oak (Quercus brantii Lindl.) leaves under different climates and elevation gradients

The morphological and anatomical characteristics of leaves are sensitive and adaptable to environmental changes. Determining eco-physiological patterns of leaf characteristics along elevational gradients allows for a better understanding and prediction of how plants might respond to climate change. In this work, the ecological adaptation mechanisms related to morphological and anatomical characteristics of Brant’s oak (Quercus brantii Lindl.) leaves were studied at three elevation classes (low, middle, and high) in two different Mediterranean and subhumid climates in Zagros forests in western Iran. There were no significant changes in leaf length, although the leaf-specific area was higher at low and middle elevations in subhumid climates. In addition, stomata length, width, density, and stomatal pore index were higher in the upper elevations of subhumid climate than in the Mediterranean climate. At low and middle elevations, dry matter content was higher at sites from the Mediterranean climate. The results of plasticity indices showed that individuals of Q. brantii from middle-elevation sites exhibited greater plasticity than those from low and high-elevation sites. Overall, Q. brantii, the dominant oak species in Zagros forests, appears to respond to elevational and environmental changes, suggesting that leaves can adapt to these changes through morphological and anatomical traits. These results provide new insights into the environmental adaptation strategies of plants at the morphological and anatomical levels against climate change.

Inheriting the DNA of emergingness: Strategies of advanced market firms under emerging market ownership

AbstractDespite growing concerns about emerging market firms (EMFs)' acquisitions in advanced markets, the influences of emerging market ownership on advanced market firms (AMFs) as targets remain largely underexplored. This study aims to conceptually advance our understanding of the environmental adaptation strategies of AMFs under emerging market ownership, focusing on the strategic implications of the “emergingness” encapsulated in the resource transfer from EMF acquirers to AMF targets. Drawing on the institution‐based view and resource‐based view, this conceptual piece develops an Institution‐Resource‐Strategy framework and proposes two types of strategies for AMFs under emerging market ownership, namely arbitrage and avoidance, each comprising three varying tactics. We illustrate our propositions using three cases of Japanese firms under Chinese ownership. This study adds to the literature on internationalizing EMFs, the institution‐based view of global strategies, and cross‐border mergers and acquisitions and offers managerial implications for emerging and advanced market stakeholders.

Npphen: An R-Package for Detecting and Mapping Extreme Vegetation Anomalies Based on Remotely Sensed Phenological Variability

Monitoring vegetation disturbances using long remote sensing time series is crucial to support environmental management, biodiversity conservation, and adaptation strategies to climate change from global to local scales. However, it is difficult to assess whether a remotely detected vegetation disturbance is critical or not, since available operational remote sensing methods deliver only maps of the vegetation anomalies but not maps of how “uncommon” or “extreme” the detected anomalies are based on the available records of the reference period. In this technical note, we present a new release of the probabilistic method and its implementation, the npphen R package, designed to detect not only vegetation anomalies from remotely sensed vegetation indices, but also to quantify the position of the anomalous observations within the historical frequency distribution of the phenological annual records. This version of the R package includes two new key functions to detect and map extreme vegetation anomalies: ExtremeAnom and ExtremeAnoMap. The npphen package allows remote sensing users to detect vegetation changes for a wide range of ecosystems, taking advantage of the flexibility of kernel density estimations to account for any shape of annual phenology and its variability through time. It provides a uniform statistical framework to study all types of vegetation dynamics, contributing to global monitoring efforts such as the GEO-BON Essential Biodiversity Variables.

"Realistic strategies" and neutral processes drive the community assembly based on leaf functional traits in a subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest.

Neutral‐theory‐based stochastic and niche‐theory‐based determinative processes are commonly used to explain the mechanisms of natural community assembly. However, considerable uncertainty remains regarding the relative importance of different ecological processes in shaping forest communities. Functional traits and phylogeny provide important information about plant environmental adaptation strategies and evolutionary history and promise a better mechanistic and predictive understanding of community assembly. Based on nine leaf functional traits and phylogenetic data of 18 dominant species in a Lithocarpus glaber–Cyclobalanopsis glauca evergreen broad‐leaved forest, we analyzed the variation in traits, explored the influence of phylogeny and environment on leaf traits, and distinguished the relative effects of spatial and environmental variables on functional traits and phylogenetic compositions. The results showed the following: (i) Leaf traits had moderate intraspecific variation, and significant interspecific variation existed especially among life forms. (ii) Significant phylogenetic signals were detected only in leaf thickness and leaf area. The correlations among traits both supported “the leaf economics spectrum” at the species and community levels, and the relationships significantly increased or only a little change after removing the phylogenetic influence, which showed a lack of consistency between the leaf functional trait patterns and phylogenetic patterns. We infer the coexistent species tended to adopt “realism” to adapt to their habitats. (iii) Soil total potassium and phosphorus content, altitude, aspect, and convexity were the most critical environmental factors affecting functional traits and phylogenetic composition. Total environmental and spatial variables explained 63.38% of the variation in functional trait composition and 47.96% of the variation in phylogenetic structures. Meanwhile, the contribution of pure spatial factors was significantly higher than that of the pure environment. Stochastic processes played dominant roles in driving community functional trait assembly, but determinative processes such as environmental filtering had a stronger effect on shaping community phylogenetic structure at a fine scale.

Disentangling the Interspecific and Intraspecific Variation in Functional Traits of Desert Plant Communities under Different Moisture Gradients

Studying the inter- and intraspecific variation in plant functional traits elucidates their environmental adaptation strategies and the mechanisms of community construction. This study selected the desert plant community in the Lake Ebinur watershed as the research object and considered five different traits: plant height (H), diameter at breast height/base diameter (DBH/BD), leaf length (LL), leaf width (LW), and leaf thickness (LT). This study used redundancy and correlation analyses to investigate the inter- and intraspecies variation in community-level traits, its relationship with soil physicochemical factors under different soil moisture conditions, and their change laws. We also used variance decomposition to analyze the contribution of inter- and intraspecific variation to community weighting. The results showed the following: (1) the values of the plant community functional traits varied according to the water gradient, and the LL (p = 0.01) and DBH/BD (p = 0.038) varied significantly; (2) for intraspecific variation, the DBH/BD variation was high at a low moisture gradient, LL (p = 0.018) and LT (p = 0.030) variation were high at a high moisture gradient, and the differences were significant; (3) under a high moisture gradient, inter- and intraspecific variation contributed 85.8% and 35.7% to community weighting, respectively, whereas under low moisture gradients, inter- and intraspecific variation contributed 53.3% and 25.1%, respectively.

PROBLEM ADAPTATION THERAPY IN ELDERLY WITH DEPRESSION AND COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT

Late-onset depression is common in elderly patients with cognitive impairment and reaches a prevalence of up to 40%. Depression in the elderly is often accompanied by cognitive deficits and executive dysfunction, especially in processing speed, attention, and executive functions, such as planning, setting goals, initiating, continuing, and completing actions, as well as declines in the ability to learn and remember things. In the last 10 years, Problem Adaptation Therapy (PATH) has become one of the interventions developed to treat elderly cases with depression and cognitive impairment with the aim of reducing depression and disability in the elderly with depression and cognitive impairment, ranging from mild cognitive deficits to moderate dementia, by improving emotional regulation skills and using a problem-solving approach, applying environmental adaptation and compensatory strategies to bypass the patient's cognitive, behavioral and functional boundaries, and selectively involving caregivers to participate in treatment.

Broader environmental adaptation of rare rather than abundant bacteria in reforestation succession soil

Revealing the responses of rare and abundant bacteria to environmental change is crucial for understanding microbial community assembly and ecosystem function. However, both the environmental adaptability and the ecological assembly processes exhibited by rare and abundant soil bacteria remain poorly understood. Here we investigated the assembly processes of rare and abundant bacteria along a chronosequence of a 35-year reforestation succession (8, 17, and 35 years), particularly with regard to their environmental adaptations. Compared to the abundant taxa, the phylogenetic clustering of rare taxa was tighter but their environmental breadth wider. Homogeneous selection (65.8%) belonging to deterministic processes dominated the rare bacterial assembly, whereas homogenizing dispersal and undominated process (57.9%) belonging to stochastic processes governed the abundant taxa. Neutral processes had a significant impact on shaping the rare taxa compared to the abundant taxa. Rare taxa were environmentally less constrained than abundant taxa. Soil EC was the major determinant factor for the assembly processes of both rare and abundant taxa. Ecological assembly processes showed a significant negative correlation with rare bacterial functional redundancies, while they had a significant positive correlation with the abundant taxa. Microbial network modularity further demonstrated that rare taxa developed stronger environmental adaptation strategies than their abundant counterparts. Our study significantly advances the knowledge of the environmental adaptability of rare and abundant bacteria and emphasizes their key role in reforestation ecological succession soils.

Breeding Ecology of the Snow Partridge (Lerwa lerwa) in High-Altitude Regions, Tibet

To explore the environmental adaptation strategies of high-altitude breeding birds to alpine regions, we studied the breeding ecology of the Snow Partridge (Lerwa lerwa) in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Incubation behavior was determined using data loggers in Basu County (2018) and Cuona County (2019), in the Tibet Autonomous Region, China. We monitored seven Snow Partridge nests; clutch sizes ranged from 4–5 eggs per nest (mean=4.71±0.45 eggs, N=7), egg mass ranged from 28.1–37.7 g (mean=31.1±2.5 g, N=28), and the hatching success rate was 87.9% (N=33 eggs, six nests hatched successfully, and one nest suffered a predator attack). Nesting females typically took 1–4 recesses each day (mean=1.8±0.7, N=39 days). In five females, the first daily recess occurred at 0601 to 0709 (mean=0626±16 min, N=39 days) and the duration ranged from 60 min to 615 min (mean=179±102 min, N=39 days). The average nest attendance was 85.6±5.9% (75.9–92.8%, N=6 nests). Compared with other Galliformes, Snow Partridges lay larger eggs and smaller clutches, leave their nests fewer times per day but with a lower nest attendance, and a bimodal pattern of recess timing. Additionally, Snow Partridges build cave nest structures. These characteristics are highly adapted to the alpine region of the Tibetan Plateau and balance the thermal needs of the developing embryos and the self-maintenance needs of the incubating females.

Traditional village roles and gender shape Samoan perceptions of climate change

Climate change poses a significant threat to indigenous societies and cultures in the South Pacific. Within these societies, women and indigenous cultures need increased representation in climate change assessment and adaptation strategy development. To capture the diversity of effects and maximize creative approaches to address climate change we studied how gender influences perceptions of climate change in response to climate-related environmental change, adaptation strategies, and the perception of adaptation strategies that are currently in place. To explore diverse perceptions, we conducted semi-structured interviews in four villages in Savaii, Samoa. The interviews were analyzed and quantified around three main themes: climate-related environmental changes, adaptation strategies, and perceptions of existing adaptation approaches. Each participant's response was quantified based on perceived priority ranging from 0—no priority/no mention, to 3—highest priority/frequent mention. We found that each participant was aware of climate-related environmental changes and gender and village roles bring variation in perceptions of climate change. We found that men felt high temperatures and marine management were of greatest concern while women cared about storms and related danger and pollution control. Our results indicate that females and female village roles had significantly lower understanding and enthusiasm for in-place adaptation strategies due to a lack of involvement in the implementation and upkeep of adaptation strategies. This study argues that climate-related adaptation strategies should put village role and gender-based perceptions into consideration and increase representation in policymaking for sustainable climate change adaptation.

Anglo American platinum South Africa: strategic renewal in a declining industry

Learning outcomes The learning outcomes are as follows: to demonstrate the phenomenon of strategic inertia in organizations and the impact this has on the type of renewal process that is undertaken; to differentiate between environmental and organizational adaptation strategies and synergies; to apply practical steps of renewal by outlining the influential forces and distinct stages of the process; and to create a practical framework that organizations can use as a guideline for sensing and reacting to changes in the business environment. Case overview/synopsis The case study examines the strategic renewal processes of Anglo American Platinum (Amplats) for the period 2012–2019. Amplats is the world’s largest producer of platinum group metals (PGMs). Despite the adversarial business environment of the South African PGM mining industry, six years into its new strategy, the organization had emerged debt-free and was poised to be sustainable. This posed a unique dilemma in strategic decision-making, namely, how to maintain a strategic renewal process. Chris Griffith, CEO of Amplats, was about to retire, but realized that the organization had yet to fulfil its potential. The ambition of the organization was to redefine the industry benchmark for performance across multiple pillars of value for different stakeholders, and to become the most valued mining company by 2023. Set in 2019, the case invites students to look back at the symptoms of strategic inertia at the time of Griffith’s appointment as CEO, and to define the nature and stages of the renewal that the organization underwent. This will provide insights that will enable an examination of the application of a framework for continual strategic renewal. Complexity academic level Postgraduate business students Supplementary materials Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Subject code CSS 11: Strategy

Comparative genomics reveals environmental adaptation differences between Cronobacter species

The genus Cronobacter is an opportunistic food-borne pathogen which is able to adapt to diverse environments and shows considerable genetic diversity. Genomic analysis can be used to reveal the variation across the genus with respect to virulence, drug resistance and factors involved in horizontal gene transfer mechanisms, such as integrons, conjugative plasmids, and recombinases. In this study, whole-genome comparative analysis of 27 Cronobacter genomes (12 existing and 15 newly assembled genomes) was performed. A total of 110,010 protein-coding genes were grouped into 11,262 clusters, including 2637 core genes, 4814 strain-specific genes and 3811 dispensable genes. Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COG) analysis indicated that 97.35% of the core genes were for substrate transport and metabolism, and the antibiotic resistance genetic determinants were classified into 136 antibiotic resistance ontologies (AROs). A total of 80 genomic islands (GIs) were identified which contained several type VI secretion system gene clusters, and these were likely to have been acquired by horizontal gene transfer. This study has generated a comprehensive characterization of the genus Cronobacter, leading to a better understanding of the mechanisms and ecological functions among the genome features, speciation, and environmental adaptation strategies.

Environmental Influences on Human Subsistence Strategies in Southwest China During the Bronze Age: A Case Study at the Jiangxifen Site in Yunnan

The study of human dietary structures is an effective means of elucidating the subsistence patterns of our prehistoric ancestors and can highlight the processes through which humans interacted with the environment. We conducted stable isotope and archeobotanical analyses of human, animal, and plant remains at the Jiangxifen site, dated to ~900–400 BC, to explore human paleodiets and determine the environmental adaptation strategies adopted by humans in the middle valley of the Jinshajiang River in Yunnan Province. Humans predominantly consumed C4 foods (e.g., millet) and C4 food-fed animal protein sources, with smaller contributions from C3 food plants (e.g., rice) and C3 food-fed animal protein sources. We argued that the local dry-hot environment was the reason for the accessibility of C4 plants in the studied area. A comparison of our results with previously published archeobotanical data and isotopic evidence from human bones in other Bronze Age sites in Yunnan Province revealed high spatial variability in diets of human and subsistence strategies during this period. These differences were caused by the highly varying living environment of each region, which was related to fragmentation resulting from the geomorphological features of Yunnan Province.

Using Social Media Mining and PLS-SEM to Examine the Causal Relationship between Public Environmental Concerns and Adaptation Strategies.

With growing scientific evidence showing the harmful impact of air pollution on the environment and individuals’ health in modern societies, public concern about air pollution has become a central focus of the development of air pollution prevention policy. Past research has shown that social media is a useful tool for collecting data about public opinion and conducting analysis of air pollution. In contrast to statistical sampling based on survey approaches, data retrieved from social media can provide direct information about behavior and capture long-term data being generated by the public. However, there is a lack of studies on how to mine social media to gain valuable insights into the public’s pro-environmental behavior. Therefore, research is needed to integrate information retrieved from social media sites into an established theoretical framework on environmental behaviors. Thus, the aim of this paper is to construct a theoretical model by integrating social media mining into a value-belief-norm model of public concerns about air pollution. We propose a hybrid method that integrates text mining, topic modeling, hierarchical cluster analysis, and partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). We retrieved data regarding public concerns about air pollution from social media sites. We classified the topics using hierarchical cluster analysis and interpreted the results in terms of the value-belief-norm theoretical framework, which encompasses egoistic concerns, altruistic concerns, biospheric concerns, and adaptation strategies regarding air pollution. Then, we used PLS-SEM to confirm the causal relationships and the effects of mediation. An empirical study based on the concerns of Taiwanese social media users about air pollution was used to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed framework in general and to examine gender differences in particular. Based on the results of the empirical studies, we confirmed the robust effects of egoistic, altruistic, and biospheric concerns of public impact on adaptation strategies. Additionally, we found that gender differences can moderate the causal relationship between egoistic concerns, altruistic concerns, and adaptation strategies. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of enhancing perceptions of air pollution and environmental sustainability by the public. The results of the analysis can serve as a basis for environmental policy and environmental education strategies.

Environmental adaptation and hazard reduction strategies in relocation housing development by its occupants case: Indo-Tiongkok housing, Neuheun Aceh Besar

The construction of relocation housing is a form of housing assistance for victims of the 2004 tsunami, with various environmental designs. Indo-Tiongkok housing (Jacky Chan housing) is one of the relocation housing in the Neuheun area, designed with an approach adjusting the hilly topography. The disadvantage of building on contoured land is that it is susceptible to local erosion, which can damage buildings on the land (roads and buildings). This study reveals the phenomenon of environmental adaptation strategies by the community to reduce the risk of hazards in their home environment, and this is important to disclose to find out people’s attitudes and actions in maintaining the sustainability of their living space. The research method was in-depth interviews with the community to understand the understanding of environmental hazards and community strategies in reducing the risk of dangers that might occur. The information required relates to 2 things: 1) types of environmental hazards, risks, and patterns of threats; 2) attitudes and strategies of society to overcome these dangers. The results showed that the community understands the risk of hazards logically, by looking at signs of natural elements such as traces of erosion, and the impact on artificial elements (houses, soil, yard boundaries). The community strategy to reduce the risk of hazards is to combine various factors from engineering aspects (building materials and techniques), economic aspects, and suitability aspects of plant selection. Results showed that the strategy for adaptation patterns to the environment would appear in each occupant according to their problems and abilities so that the results of the appearance of the residential environment design would vary. This is so unique in the culture of living in each place, which will distinguish it from other places.

The stoichiometry of leaf nitrogen and phosphorus resorption in plantation forests

The scaling slopes of leaf N and P content, signalling the importance of plant N and P allocation strategies, have been well studied. However, the scaling slopes of leaf N and P resorption efficiency (NRE-PRE), that regulate ecosystem function and biogeochemical cycles, remains unclear. By synthesizing 513 paired observations of leaf NRE and PRE from plantations among 116 studies, we tested hypotheses that NRE-PRE scaling slopes vary among climate zones, along mean annual precipitation (MAP) gradients and stand ages, and among functional groups. We show that the NRE-PRE scaling slopes decreased from tropical regions to subtropical and temperate regions (decreasing MAP) due to high growth rates (more P demand) at high latitudes. The trees in the 20–40 year age range exhibited higher scaling slopes than those in other age ranges. The scaling slopes of coniferous, evergreen, and non-N2-fixing trees were lower than those of corresponding broadleaved, deciduous, and N2-fixing trees, given that the former plant groups tend to be in harsh environmental conditions (cold or P-limited). For each functional group, the latitudinal and temporal NRE-PRE scaling patterns were consistent with the pooled data set. Structural equation models showed that NRE-PRE scaling slopes decreased with latitude, stand age, and the scaling slope of green leaf N-P contents. Consistent with scaling relationships between green leaf N and P, our results suggest that NRE generally decouple from PRE in plantations worldwide. Our findings help improve predictions of plants’ nutrient balance and environmental adaptation strategies with climate change.

Indigenous knowledge of Vietnamese cultivation in the Mekong Delta

Being passed from generation to generation, indigenous knowledge is unique and confined to a particular culture or society. This knowledge is generated and transmitted through communities, over time, in an effort to cope with their own agro-ecological and socio-economic environments (Fernandez, 1994). Vietnamese residents in the Mekong Delta during the development of cultivation activities have accumulated a lot of folk experiences, creating a large amount of indigenous knowledge in daily life and farming production. This knowledge has supported the Vietnamese people to adapt themselves to survive for several hundred years. However, throughout the time, under the strong impact of scientific knowledge, indigenous knowledge nowadays is no longer applied as much as before. In the context of increasing climate change, understanding and reevaluating the correct value of this knowledge, besides preserving, also contribute to public policy implications in environmental change adaptation strategies in the near future. With an interdisciplinary approach to geography and anthropology, via long fieldwork methods, face-to-face meetings with farmers and group discussions, 10 in-depth interviews were conducted on issues related to this current production model and production experience. Indigenous knowledge has been and is being applied in flooded areas with representatives being An Giang and Hau Giang provinces. The author has systematized the indigenous knowledge of Vietnamese people on cultivating to better adapt to nature.

Migration health crisis associated with climate change: A systematic review.

BACKGROUND:The empirical assessment of the health outcomes associated with migration caused by climate change is still unclear. However, health outcomes in the early stages are expected to be similar to the health outcomes associated with refugees. The objective of the present study was a systematic review of the health effects of migration caused by climate change.METHODOLOGY:A systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Online databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar) were used to identify papers published that evaluated the health effects of migration caused by climate change. The search, article selection, and data extraction were carried out by two researchers independently. All English-language articles on the health effects of migration caused by climate change were included in this study.RESULTS:An analysis of the complex ways in which climate change influences populations can be facilitated using a three-class classification: compulsory displacement, resettlement planning, and migration. Subsequent to climate changes, other changes, and environmental deficiencies, compulsory displacement may occur in case of inadequacy of compatibility responses. A part of migration-related health outcomes caused by climate change is from displacement from rural to urban areas, especially in developing countries. There is significant documentation on health and livelihood inequalities between migrant groups and host populations in developed countries.CONCLUSION:If climate change continues in its current direction, it is likely that the number of refugees and crises will increase in the coming decades. Although the domain and the extent of health hazards caused by the displacement of the population associated with climate change cannot be clearly predicted, by reducing global greenhouse gas emissions, along with social and environmental adaptation strategies, migration caused by climate change, health risks and its relevant crises can be greatly reduced.

Envejecimiento y estrategias de adaptación a los entornos urbanos desde la gerontología ambiental

El estudio reflexiona sobre las estrategias de adaptación a los entornos urbanos en el envejecimiento, con alusiones a América Latina. Los resultados indican la existencia de problemas derivados del reduccionismo analítico y la simplificación de los modelos teóricos sobre la adaptación ambiental y el envejecimiento. La desadaptación está determinada por las capacidades personales (exclusión social, discapacidad y dependencia) y, principalmente, por los problemas físico-sociales urbanos. Asimismo, se proponen estrategias de adaptación ambiental para el envejecimiento activo en el lugar, a partir de la evaluación de los activos personales, así como de los atributos y funciones del ambiente urbano.

Une société montagnarde à l’épreuve des inondations : entre vulnérabilité et stratégies d’adaptation

Dans les Alpes du XVIIIe siecle a aujourd’hui, la variabilite des crues (frequence, intensite) a entraine des pratiques et des modes d’organisation specifiques de la part des societes afin de se premunir du risque. En ce sens, des strategies d’evitement ou d’adaptation ont ete developpees par les communautes montagnardes visant a reduire leur vulnerabilite et les potentiels dommages. L’etude des archives historiques permet de documenter les impacts (endommagement ou destruction d’infrastructures, victimes, routes detruites, champs engraves, etc.) a l’echelle des derniers siecles, mais egalement d’apprehender l’efficience des modes de gestion du risque passes. Cet article s’interesse a l’evolution de la vulnerabilite/exposition et des modes de gestion (amenagements de protection, etc.) a partir de l’etude de documents cartographiques (cadastres anciens) et textuels (temoignages, rapports d’experts, chiffrage des degâts occasionnes, etc.) d’un territoire de montagne. L’objectif de cette analyse geohistorique est d’apporter des elements de reflexion pour evaluer dans quelle mesure un territoire fortement impacte sur une periode donnee gere sa propension a l’endommagement par la suite. A travers l’etude de la commune d’Aime situee dans la vallee de Tarentaise (Savoie) nous verrons si trois evenements de crue a fort impact survenus au XVIIIe siecle (1732, 1733 et 1778) ont modifie durablement ou non l’occupation du sol et les pratiques des habitants. L’utilisation des rapports d’inondations et des cadastres sarde (1730) et francais (1890) permettra de spatialiser les dommages causes par les crues et les changements intervenus dans l’occupation du sol entre le debut du XVIIIe siecle et la fin du XIXe siecle.

Aquel infeliz estado de pobreza. Los veranos ruinosos en la isla de Margarita: siglos XVI-XVIII

Los diferentes fenómenos meteorológicos conducentes a sequías registrados en la isla de Margarita durante el período colonial son revisados aquí desde una perspectiva analítica que interpreta la articulación clima-sociedad-historia como una relación indivisible. El trabajo, basado en la recopilación de información documental, pretende evidenciar la historicidad de la vulnerabilidad de aquella sociedad, así como su carencia de estrategias de adaptación al medioambiente.