Carbon Dioxide Environment Research Articles

Synthesis of Magnéli phases in a high-speed electric discharge plasma jet

Relevance. Currently, there is an active search for photocatalytic materials suitable for water decomposition and hydrogen production that exhibit activity when exposed to visible light, and are also accessible, chemically stable and safe. In this regard, a number of materials with the general formula TinO2n-1 (n=2–10) are distinguished, they are called Magnéli phases. Despite the fact that Magnéli phases exhibit significantly higher photocatalytic activity compared to traditional titanium oxides (rutile, anatase, brookite), their practical application is currently extremely difficult due to the complexity of their synthesis. Promising approaches are those that provide well-controlled conditions with the possibility of rapid stabilization of the system, among which plasma synthesis methods stand out. Aim. To develop a method for synthesizing a product containing Magnéli phases in a high-speed jet of electric discharge plasma. Objects. Dispersed materials obtained in the Ti-O system. Methods. Plasma dynamic synthesis, X-ray diffractometry (X-ray phase analysis), scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy. Results. Using a high-speed jet of electric discharge plasma generated by a coaxial magnetoplasma accelerator, experimental studies were performed on the synthesis of non-stoichiometric titanium oxides in a carbon dioxide environment. The composition and microstructure of the obtained dispersed products were studied. It was revealed that the materials contain Magnéli phases TinO2n−1, as well as traditional stoichiometric rutile and anatase. From the point of view of the efficiency of obtaining Magnéli phases, the single-pulse mode of operation is more attractive (content over 50%), while the efficiency of CO2 conversion is higher in the multi-pulse mode (up to 10% of CO2 is converted into CO). A distinctive feature of the synthesized materials at both the micro- and nanolevels is the tendency to form particles with a high degree of sphericity. The nanofraction of the products mainly consists of rounded particles with sizes up to hundreds of nanometers, of which the Magnéli phases primarily include nanoparticles with a characteristic highly defective crystalline structure with dislocation shifts.

Improving relative humidity measurements on Mars: new laboratory calibration measurements

Abstract. In this paper we present new calibration measurements that have been performed with the ground reference models of the relative humidity instruments of the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL), Mars 2020 and ExoMars missions. All instruments are based on capacitive sensor head technology, and they are developed, manufactured and tested by the Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI). Calibration of capacitive humidity sensors for the Martian environment has been a challenging task and special facilities are needed in order to create Martian conditions including all relevant environmental parameters that can be accurately controlled and measured: low pressure, low temperature, carbon dioxide environment and especially humidity. A measurement campaign was performed at the German Aerospace Center (DLR) PASLAB (Planetary Analog Simulation Laboratory) to determine relative humidity calibration datasets for REMS-H, MEDA HS and METEO-H instruments in temperatures from −30 °C down to −70 °C in low-pressure CO2. In addition to the stable point humidity calibration measurements in CO2, the instrument performance was tested with the actual Martian atmosphere composition and during long continuous measurements. The new calibration dataset has already been used in the flight calibration of the MEDA HS instrument, resulting in successful calibration and excellent accuracy. The results from this campaign will further improve relative humidity measurements on Mars by providing the means to reanalyze the current calibration of the REMS-H flight model and by allowing more accurate comparison between the two instruments currently on the Martian surface.

Study on mechanical degradation of Ferrite/ martensite and austenitic steels in high-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide environment

The mechanical degradation mechanism of T91 ferrite/martensite steel at 500 °C and 316NG austenitic steel at both 500 °C and 600 °C in supercritical carbon dioxide were investigated in detail by slow strain rate tensile tests and first-principles calculations of the adsorption and dissociation of CO2. In high-temperature CO2 atmosphere, CO2 could spontaneously dissociate into CO and O, and the spontaneously and partially dissociated O atoms exhibited a strong interaction with Cr. As the temperature was increased to 600 °C, the partial dissociation of CO2 occurred more rapidly and the ultimate tensile strength and total elongation of 316NG steel decreased significantly as well. Furthermore, a composite failure mode with intergranular brittle fracture and ductile fracture was investigated.

Adsorption of Lufenuron 50-EC Pesticide from Aqueous Solution Using Oil Palm Shell-Derived Activated Carbon.

The use of Lufenuron 50-EC pesticide in oil palm crops affects water quality and aquatic life. This study investigated the adsorption of Lufenuron 50-EC from an aqueous solution using activated carbon derived from oil palm shells (OPSs). Activated carbon (AC) was prepared through physical and chemical activation processes in carbon dioxide environments, using potassium hydroxide (KOH) as a chemical activating agent. The resulting AC was characterized using standard techniques. The most favorable operating parameters were physical activation at 900 °C for 2 h, achieving a BET surface area of 548 m2/g. For chemical activation, at 800 °C, 1 h, and an impregnation ratio (KOH/biochar) of 2:1 (w/w), a BET surface area of 90 m2/g was obtained, which was smaller than that achieved by physical activation. The use of KOH reduced the surface area but generated a high presence of functional groups on the AC surface, which is important for adsorption processes. The AC produced achieved high Lufenuron adsorption yields, reaching a maximum of 96.93%. AC produced at 900 °C with 2 h showed the best performance. Therefore, OPS is an excellent precursor for producing AC with favorable characteristics for pollutant adsorption in aqueous solutions, especially for the insecticide Lufenuron.

Wear Properties of Ni3Al-Ni3V-Zr-Ni5Zr Alloys under Different Atmospheres

The study examines the friction and wear properties of Ni3Al-Ni3V-Zr-Ni5Zr alloys under varying gas conditions. The alloy was tested in the presence of oxygen and carbon dioxide using a controlled atmosphere wear tester. The study revealed that the wear environmental embrittlement resulted from the diffusion of reactive atomic hydrogen into the interior of the Ni3Al-Ni3V alloy. The addition of Zr elements decreased the proportion of Al elements on the surface of the Ni3Al-Ni3V-Zr-Ni5Zr alloy and reduced the proportion of H atoms produced by the chemical reaction between atmospheric water vapour and Al elements. This inhibited the environmental embrittlement and improved the performance of the Ni3Al-Ni3V-Zr-Ni5Zr alloy. The wear performance of Ni5Zr alloy is superior to that of Ni3Al-Ni3V. When exposed to air in an air environment, the surface of Ni3Al-Ni3V-Zr-Ni5Zr alloy forms a protective Al2O3 oxide film on the workpiece, resulting in a reduction of the friction coefficient and wear rate of the alloy. The wear mechanism of the alloy is mainly oxidation wear and abrasive wear. In an oxygen environment, the surface of the alloy generates a significant amount of Al2O3 oxide film. The flaking of the oxide film leads to an increase in the friction coefficient and wear rate of the alloy. In a carbon dioxide environment, the surface of the alloy undergoes severe deformation, and plough lines become apparent. This is accompanied by flaking Si3N4 abrasive chips adhering to the surface of the alloy, which intensifies the wear of the alloy. The primary wear mechanism is abrasive wear. Therefore, the friction coefficient and wear rate of the Ni3Al-Ni3V-Zr-Ni5Zr alloy in the atmosphere are optimal.

Features of Polymer Modification in a Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Environment

Features of Polymer Modification in a Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Environment

Revealing the corrosion mechanism of an Al0.1CoCrFeNi high entropy alloy in high temperature carbon dioxide environment

The corrosion behavior of an Al0.1CoCrFeNi HEA in high temperature CO2 at 850 °C for different exposure periods was investigated using different characterization methods. Weight gain increased with extended exposure periods, yet it remained lower than most conventional alloys. A double-layer oxide film consisting of Cr2O3 and Al2O3 formed after 100 and 500 h of exposure, while a single layer of Cr2O3 developed after 1000 h of exposure. CoCrFeNi particles with an FCC structure were embedded in the oxide films irrespective of the exposure periods. Moreover, a transition zone containing numerous striped-like Al2O3 oxides along the grain boundaries was developed underneath the oxide films.

Kinetics of Thermal Decomposition of Polymethylmethacrylate in a Carbon Dioxide Environment

Kinetics of Thermal Decomposition of Polymethylmethacrylate in a Carbon Dioxide Environment

Experimental study on improving the performance of imitation earthen site soil in carbon dioxide environment

This study aims to explore the performance of lime-treated soil for repairing the lime soil of the earthen city wall of Kaifeng and to standardize the construction technology of lime-treated soil. The research comprehensively considered factors such as carbonation time, lime particle size, aging conditions, and lime content, and conducted various tests and analyses including triaxial mechanical properties, surface crack analysis, particle size distribution, pH measurement, composition analysis, and electron microscopy on different samples. The results indicate that the significant effect of high-concentration CO2 carbonation enhances the chemical reactions of lime soil, and an appropriate carbonation process can strengthen the bonding and density between soil particles. Under the maintenance condition of 5 % CO2, with increasing carbonation time, the crack ratio, average crack length, and average crack width of the samples decreased. Cohesion and internal friction angle of the samples exhibited an initial increase followed by a decrease, while shear strength of the samples increased by 22.93 %–75.09 %. The lime particle size has a critical impact on the formation of cracks in lime soil. With increasing lime particle size, the crack ratio, average crack length, and average crack width of the samples increased. Cohesion and internal friction angle of the samples gradually increased with increasing lime content. The increase in crack ratio, average crack length, and average crack width during natural curing of lime-treated soil samples was proportional to the lime content. Appropriate carbonation time, smaller lime particle size, and curing conditions with 5 % CO2 contribute to improving the particle size distribution of lime-treated soil samples, reducing surface cracks, and enhancing performance. However, prolonged carbonation may lead to larger lime particle size, resulting in rough and loose particles, disorganized arrangement of CaCO3 crystals, and the inability to form a cross-linked network skeleton, causing a reduction in shear strength of the samples. These research findings provide important theoretical basis and construction technology guidance for the application of lime-treated soil combined with CO2 carbonation in repairing earthen city walls.

Gasification study of Meulaboh coal under limited synthetic air and carbon dioxide environments

Gasification characteristics of Meulaboh coal have been investigated using chemical, petrographical, and thermogravimetry–mass spectrometry (TG-MS) approaches. The coal is classified as sub-bituminous C and dominated by huminite maceral (77% vol.). Based on proximate analysis, the coal comprises 12.56% moisture, 17.36% ash, 38.92% volatile matter, and 31.16% fixed carbon (adb). The coal is low in rank and dominated by reactive maceral. Thus, it is suitable for gasification study. TG-MS measurement revealed that the main pyrolysis product consists of H2O, CO2, and CH4, which generated significantly in slow and fast pyrolysis stages (180-294°C and 194-529°C, respectively). Gasification was performed using limited synthetic air and CO2 environments. TG and DTG thermograms show that gasification using CO2 resulted a higher mass loss rate than that using limited synthetic air. Moreover, gasification in a limited air atmosphere produced higher contents of H2O and CO2, while gasification in a CO2 atmosphere produced primarily CO.

Environmental characterization of ferrochromium production waste (refined slag) and its carbonization product

This paper presents the results of research on the method of utilization of self-disintegrating slags of refined ferrochrome production by autoclave carbonization in carbon dioxide environment. The work has a complex character, including earlier laboratory studies of the slag carbonization process under different conditions, as well as studies of chemical and mineralogical composition of initial waste slags taken from the slag dump and samples of bricks subjected to carbonization. The composition of slags and obtained products was investigated by XRD, DTA, DTG and XRF analyses, which showed that the main phases of the studied samples are dicalcium silicate, montichelite, periclase, magnesiochromite, calcite. Thermal analytical studies showed that magnesium carbonate is present only in the samples of artificially carbonized material. Also, the process of carbonate formation in the thickness of bricks during forced carbonization was investigated. As a result, it was obtained that with increasing CO2 pressure, the amount of bound carbon in the products increases proportionally in all layers. It was determined that the amount of CO2 absorbed during carbonization can reach 20 % of the mass of the initial slag. Stale slag can be used simultaneously as a carbon dioxide absorber and as a building product.

Direct regeneration of spent LiFePO4 cathode material via a simple solid-phase method

For realizing the goals of “carbon peak” and “carbon neutrality”, lithium-ion batteries (LIB) with LiFePO4 as the cathode material have been widely applied. However, this has also led to a large number of spent lithium-ion batteries, and the safe disposal of spent lithium-ion batteries is an urgent issue. Currently, the main reason for the capacity decay of LiFePO4 materials is the Li deficiency and the formation of the Fe3+ phase. In order to address this issue, we performed high-temperature calcination of the discarded lithium iron phosphate cathode material in a carbon dioxide environment to reduce or partially remove the carbon coating on its surface. Subsequently, mechanical grinding was conducted to ensure thorough mixing of the lithium source with the discarded lithium iron phosphate. The reaction between CO2 and the carbon coating produced a reducing atmosphere, reducing Fe3+ to Fe2+ and thereby reducing the content of Fe3+. The Fe3+ content in the repaired LiFePO4 material is reduced. The crystal structure of spent LiFePO4 cathode materials was repaired more completely compare with the traditional pretreatment method, and the repaired LiFePO4 material shows good electrochemical performance and cycling stability. Under 0.1 C conditions, the initial capacity can reach 149.1 mAh/g. It can be reintroduced for commercial use.

Pressurized environments directly influence friction and wear of dry steel contacts—Investigations in a novel high fluid pressure tribometer

To reduce the usage of classical lubricants in deep drawing, a new tribological system based on volatile lubricants was developed. Therefore, a volatile medium is injected under high pressure into the interstice between drawing tool and sheet metal. Depending on temperature and pressure, the temporary lubricant may exist in its gaseous or liquid phase. In this study, a novel high fluid pressure tribometer was designed to investigate the friction and wear of dry steel contacts under comparable conditions like in dry deep drawing. Therefore, a new ball-on-disc tribometer was designed and integrated into a high-pressure vessel. To specifically investigate the effects of different environments (technical air, liquid and gaseous carbon dioxide, nitrogen, argon) at atmospheric and high pressure (0.1 MPa, 6 MPa) on tribology, the specimens and all components were operating unlubricated. During the experiments, the friction was measured continuously. Results show that the highest friction occurs in air and the lowest in carbon dioxide environment. Subsequent to the experiments, the wear of the specimens was assessed along with changes in surface chemistry related to tribochemical reactions. Therefore, the tribology of the dry sliding contacts is correlated to changes of the surface chemistry. Also differences as well as similarities regarding the different fluid environments are shown. As the results show, the differences between the media used are most pronounced at elevated pressure. Concluding, this work gives clear indications on the suitability of volatile lubricants in dry friction or rather gas lubrication, especially for dry deep drawing.

Corrosion Behaviour of Ni-based Alloys 230, 617 and 601 in CO2 Gas at 750 and 850 °C

This paper investigated the corrosion behavior of three nickel-based alloys (230, 617 and 601) at 750 °C and 850 °C in a carbon dioxide environment for up to 500 h. All three alloys showed good oxidation resistance by forming mainly a protective chromia layer with low weight gains. Internal Al2O3 was precipitated beneath a thin chromia layer in all cases. For 230 and 617 alloys, NiO and Cr-rich spinel outer layers were formed, but for 601 less iron and nickel outward diffusion was observed at both temperatures. Furthermore, some minor alloy elements (Mn, Ti, and Co) were also observed in the chromia layers. Very limited carburization due to the CO2 reaction was revealed in the matrix underneath the oxide scale. Wagner’s theory was applied to examine the critical chromium concentration for forming a protective chromia scale. This prediction indicated that alloy concentrations were marginal for chromia formation at both temperatures and the critical chromium concentration decreased with increasing the oxidation temperature. The presence of other alloying elements, e.g. Al, Mn, Ti, Si etc could increase corrosion resistance of these alloys by forming either additional protective oxide barriers or integrating with chromium oxide to enhance its protection.

Improving the carbonation performance of sulfate-activated material cured waste sediments by calcined Mg-Al hydrotalcite: Influence of CLDH dosages, carbonation concentrations and cycles

A method was proposed to strengthen the carbonation resistance of the waste sludge matrix by replacing part of cement with industrial by-products such as ground-granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBFS) and fly ash (FA) via the structural recrystallization and anion exchangeability of calcined Mg-Al hydrotalcite in a humid carbon dioxide environment. The mechanical and workability results showed that although the addition of CLDH weakened the flow extension of the mixture samples, they accelerated the solidification and hardening of the samples and increased the development of compressive strength in a slightly carbonized environment (e.g., C5T3L0.3 and C5T3L0.6). Furthermore, XRD, TG, BSE, and MIP techniques were used to analyze the composition of the hydration products and the distribution of the pore structure of the CLDHs-containing samples at different carbonation times and carbonation concentrations. The results indicated that CLDHs had good carbon sequestration capability. The addition of CLDH helped to refine the pores, and a slightly carbonized product like calcium carbonate could enhance the strength development by filling the pores, but too much had side effects. The outcomes of the study also provided an alternative way of thinking about the anti-carbonation behavior of cement pastes.

Design and implementation of facility intelligent carbon dioxide incubator control system based on POA optimized fuzzy PID

To solve the problem that traditional carbon dioxide incubators are difficult to accurately control the required carbon dioxide environment to the detriment of experimental cultivation, and given the difficulties of time lag, nonlinearity, time-varying, and poor adaptive ability of the incubator control system, this study designs a set of intelligent carbon dioxide incubator control system suitable for laboratory cultivation. The system is based on the POA (Pelican optimization algorithm) to optimize the fuzzy PID (Proportional Integral Derivative) control to regulate the opening degree of the solenoid valve to accurately control the carbon dioxide concentration in the incubator to the set range. In this study, the simulation and comparison tests of POA-based optimized fuzzy PID control, PID control, and fuzzy PID control are carried out by MATLAB/Simulink, and it is found that the overshooting amount of the system is reduced by 11.6%, the regulating time is shortened by 69.3 s, and the steady state error is reduced by 0.1% compared with that of the traditional fuzzy PID control. It can be obtained through practical tests that the accuracy, response, and stability of the optimized fuzzy PID control of the pelican algorithm are better than those of the fuzzy PID control method, and it has better robustness. Therefore, the carbon dioxide incubator control system has high practical application value.

Comprehensive analysis of Trichoderma ressei mediated CO2 stress attenuating responses and de novo transcriptome sequencing of rice flag leaf

AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate the alterations in physiological, biochemical, and transcriptional reactions in the flag leaf of rice following the application of Trichoderma as a biofertilizer (BF) at both ambient (aCO2; 395 ppm) and enhanced (eCO2; 550 ppm) carbon dioxide levels. A comparatively smaller percentage change was observed in the photosynthetic parameters, including photosynthetic rate, respiration, and stomatal conductance, subsequent to the introduction of BF in the elevated carbon dioxide (eCO2) environment. Furthermore, biochemical analysis revealed a noteworthy elevation in photosynthetic pigments, total sugar, proline, and ascorbate peroxidase concentration levels in plants treated with BF under ambient and increased carbon dioxide conditions. The buildup of indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA) was shown to be increased in rice treated with BF under both conditions. Moreover, ICP‐MS analysis demonstrated an augmentation in the levels of vital micronutrients in the experimental group while observing no alterations in the carbon‐to‐nitrogen ratio within the flag leaf. The examination of transcriptional responses in the flag leaf demonstrated an increase in the expression of genes associated with the photosynthetic system, amino acid metabolism, several transporters, including aquaporin, and the phosphate pathway, as well as carbon and nitrogen metabolism. Hence, our work elucidates the effective role of Trichoderma in mitigating the adverse consequences associated with elevated levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide (eCO2).

Corrosion Behaviour of Ni-Based Alloys 230, 617 and 601 in CO2 Gas at 750 and 850°C

As a newly developed technology, oxyfuel combustion makes CO2 capture and sequestration feasible but raises a corrosion problem because of high concentrations of CO2 in flue gases at high temperatures. Conventional ferritic/martensitic heat resisting steels are sufficient to resist corrosion in oxygen or air but cannot survive in CO2-rich gases. To increase the process efficiency, higher temperatures will be used for energy production. As a result, austenitic steels and/or nickel-base alloys are required because of their superior corrosion resistance and mechanical properties at high temperature. This paper investigated the corrosion behavior of three nickel-based chromia-forming commercial alloys (230, 617 and 601) at 750°C and 850°C in a carbon dioxide environment for up to 500 h.Samples were cut to form 10mm x 8mm x (0.8-3) mm rectangular shaped coupons. After cutting, all surfaces of samples were ground up to 1200-grit finish, and further polished down to 3μm. Electro-polishing in 15% concentrated hydrochloric acid was used to remove the subsurface deformation zone. The grain sizes of 617 are larger (100-200μm) than those of 230 (20-80μm) alloy, and the 601 (10-30μm) alloy has the smallest grain size. All samples were ultrasonically cleaned with ethanol before being reacted in Ar-20%CO2 at 750℃ and 850°C, for up to 500 h. After reaction, samples were analysed by surface X-ray diffraction, metallographic cross-section analysis by optical microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy together with energy dispersive X-ray analysis.All three alloys showed good oxidation resistance by forming mainly a protective chromia layer with low weight changes. Internal Al2O3 was precipitated beneath a thin protective chromia layer for all cases. For 230 and 617 alloys, NiO and Cr-rich spinel outer layers were formed, but for 601 less iron and nickel outward diffusion was observed at both temperatures. Furthermore, some minor alloy elements (Mn, Ti, and Co) were also observed to diffuse into the chromia layers.Wagner’s Theory was applied to examine the critical chromium concentration for forming a protective chromia. This prediction indicated alloy concentrations were marginal for chromia formation at both temperatures for the test alloys. The observation of protective chromia formation can be attributed to the effect of other alloying elements, e.g. Al, Mn, Ti, Si etc. Because of the temperature effect on diffusion, the predicted result from Wagner’s Theory showed that the critical chromium concentration needed to form and maintain a protective chromia layer decreased with increasing the oxidation temperature, which is consistent with the experimental observation.The Al and Si oxides formed an additional protective barrier between the matrix and the chromia layer, preventing the diffusion of iron and nickel outwards and therefore increasing the oxidation resistance. Manganese effectively prevented carburization by combining with chromium oxide to form the outermost spinel oxide layer, increasing oxidation/carburisation resistance. Titanium diffused through the chromia layer, accelerating chromium diffusion and leading to higher kinetic rates. Tungsten reduced oxidation resistance by increasing the metal vacancies and therefore outward diffusion of Ni, Fe and Mn through the chromia scale.In general, no significant carbide formation was found in any of the Ni-base alloys in these reaction conditions. At 750℃, carburization due to CO2 reaction was found for 230 alloy but not for 617 and 601 alloys after 500h reaction. However, at 850°C, internal carbides from the reaction were observed for all three alloys. The variation in carburization extent among the different alloys can be attributed to the formation of oxides of aluminum, manganese and silicon, which can impede the inward diffusion of carbon, resulting in the reduction of carburizing kinetics.

Insight into the high-temperature reaction characteristics of CaS with CO2: Experimental study and theoretical calculation

To address the challenge of optimizing the utilization of industrial by-product gypsum, this study proposes a two-step reductive decomposition process for the production of quicklime from industrial by-product gypsum. In the initial step, a blend of CaS and CaO is generated through the low-temperature reductive decomposition of gypsum. Subsequently, the decomposition products undergo oxidation in a carbon dioxide environment, yielding activated quicklime. While the reductive decomposition of gypsum has been extensively documented, there exists a significant research gap concerning the reaction between CaS and CO2 at elevated temperatures. This study investigates the high-temperature reaction characteristics and reaction mechanism of the CaS and CO2 system through a combination of experiments, isothermal kinetic analysis, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Furthermore, it offers a comparative analysis of the physicochemical properties of quicklime produced via three different methods, using desulfurization gypsum as an illustrative example. It was observed that the reaction rate of CaS with CO2 markedly increased with rising temperature and CO2 concentration. The reaction of CaS in a CO2 atmosphere adhered to the phase boundary reaction model. DFT calculations were employed to determine the reaction pathway for the interaction between CaS and CO2, which can be summarized as follows: CaS + CO2 → CaSO + CO, CaSO + CO2 → CaSO2 + CO, CaSO2 + CO2 → CaSO3 + CO, CaSO3 → CaO + CO2. The lime generated through the two-step process of desulfurization gypsum (FGD) exhibited a superior pore structure and reactivity when compared to lime produced via the one-step process of FGD gypsum and that obtained through limestone calcination.

Decellularization of bone tissue in a supercritical carbon dioxide environment

The use of pig bone tissue as a graft makes it possible to obtain high-quality, relatively cheap and biocompatible ECM. This is since the mineral composition of pork bone is most similar to the mineral composition of human bone. Decellularization in SC-CO2 is a promising direction, since carbon dioxide easily diffuses into the depth of the cell and is a good solvent for lipids, it is non-flammable, non-toxic and chemically non-aggressive. In this paper, the ECM in SC-CO2 was obtained in three ways: 1) in dynamic mode with large SC-CO2 flows; 2) in static and dynamic modes with large SC-CO2 flows; 3) in static and dynamic modes with large SC-CO2 flows, with preliminary exposure in ethyl alcohol as a co-solvent. According to the histological examination, the removal of ICC by the first method is 55%. The use of a co-solvent before starting the decellularization process increases the percentage of ICC removal to 98%, which allows the use of ECM as a transplant.