Enterprise architecture plays an important role in aligning business strategy and information technology. However, comprehensive frameworks such as TOGAF 10 are often perceived as complex due to extensive artifact requirements and high resource demands, which create challenges for organizations with limited resources. Therefore, this study aims to examine the role of lean and agile principles in simplifying enterprise architecture through the Mini-TOGAF approach to improve implementation efficiency and adaptability. This research adopts a design science research approach, focusing on the design and development of the Mini-TOGAF framework as a conceptual artifact. To establish a solid theoretical foundation and systematically define the components of Mini-TOGAF, a systematic literature review was conducted. The findings indicate that lean principles simplify enterprise architecture by eliminating waste through “just enough” documentation and by consolidating and prioritizing artifacts based on core business value. In addition, Agile principles ensure that the resulting architecture remains flexible and outcome-oriented through iterative development, rapid adaptation to change, and continuous stakeholder involvement. This study concludes that Mini-TOGAF represents a pragmatic and effective adaptation of TOGAF 10, enabling more efficient, agile, and strategically aligned enterprise architecture implementation for resource-constrained organizations.

Ecosystem architecture of social enterprises in the agricultural sector in West Java

The use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in financial institutions offers significant opportunities while raising concerns about regulatory compliance, security, and the changing function of Quality Assurance (QA). This research explores the impact of AI integration on fairness, transparency, and financial inclusion in the Malaysian financial sector, and investigates the challenges QA professionals face in navigating the dynamic regulatory landscape, with a focus on data privacy and cross-border regulations. It also examines QA’s role in mitigating technological risks, addressing security vulnerabilities, and supporting organisational transformation. Employing a qualitative methodology, the study combines a desk review of existing literature and a semi-structured interview with an Enterprise Architecture and Quality Assurance Specialist from Bank Muamalat Malaysia Berhad (BMMB). By triangulating theoretical frameworks with practical insights from industry professionals, the study finds that QA plays a pivotal role in ensuring the responsible and secure implementation of AI. Specifically, findings highlight the need for robust QA processes to address algorithmic bias, ensure transparency in AI decision-making, and promote inclusive access to financial services. This research contributes to the discourse on responsible AI adoption in the financial sector by providing practical recommendations for financial institutions seeking to implement responsible AI strategies. This research was conducted in accordance with ethical researchstandards..

Purpose Organizations often fail to implement strategies internally when they do not effectively orchestrate their resources and capability. Therefore, this study develops a scale for measuring enterprise architecture (EA) capability and establishes a framework for evaluating its components. Properly assessing EA capability enables alignment between business and information technology (IT). Design/methodology/approach A comprehensive literature review was conducted along with expert interviews to determine which systems comprise EA capability. A questionnaire was developed and distributed to 131 firms and convergent and discriminant validity analyses based on partial least squares structural equation modeling were conducted. The proposed model includes 17 characteristics associated with the strategic attributes, the business model that forms the business construct, and the system and technology models that inform the IT construct. Findings The results demonstrate that EA capability can orchestrate business and IT, and that IT resources are crucial to building EA capability. Additionally, it was revealed that when aligned with the firm's objectives and business model EA capability can leverage organizational agility, enabling changes through innovation or operational adjustments. Originality/value This study addresses the lack of methods for evaluating EA capability within organizations by providing empirical evidence to assess their effectiveness in orchestrating business and IT resources. This study complements the results of previous research by considering IT's influence on resource orchestration theory to enable business.

Transforming Payment and Treasury Reconciliation Through Process Mining and Exception Playbooks

The development of information technology demands that educational institutions have an integrated and efficient information system. SMK Ibrahimy 1 Sukorejo requires an information system enterprise architecture design that can align business and technology needs. This study uses the TOGAF ADM framework as a design method, which includes the preliminary phase, architecture vision, business architecture, information system architecture, technology architecture, and migration planning. The result is an enterprise architecture blueprint that covers business, data, application, and technology aspects. This architecture is expected to improve data management efficiency, accelerate administrative processes, and support digital learning that is adaptive to technological developments. By implementing TOGAF ADM, SMK Ibrahimy 1 Sukorejo can develop a structured and sustainable information system, supporting the institution's vision and mission in the digital era.

ABSTRACT Public Higher Education Institutions (HEIs), especially in resource‐constrained environments, face pressure to modernize IT systems while managing limited budgets and legacy infrastructure. This study explores how enterprise architecture (EA) is applied by ICT leaders in Tanzanian public universities to manage technical debt (TD) under institutional and policy constraints. It provides empirical evidence from low‐resource institutions. It draws on qualitative insights gathered through semi‐structured interviews with ICT managers, system administrators, and academic IT leads in four Tanzanian public universities. A literature review on EA and TD management supported the analysis. Findings reveal that participants view EA as a promising governance tool for mitigating TD by aligning fragmented ICT investments, improving accountability, and reducing duplication in Tanzanian HEIs. The analysis revealed barriers that HEIs face in realizing EA for effective TD management: resistance to change, insufficient technical resources, limited expertise, and difficulty quantifying Return On Investment (ROI). Nonetheless, it was identified that EA could enhance IT governance, agility, and alignment with institutional strategy. For institutional managers, EA provides a structured mechanism to streamline IT governance, optimize digital infrastructure, and align technology investments with long‐term strategic plans. This offers a critical pathway for education leaders facing budgetary constraints and digital transformation demands. The study offers empirically grounded insights into how EA is operationalized within public universities in Tanzania, contributing to the discourse on digital governance and institutional reform in the Global South. The insights are relevant for policymakers aiming to strengthen IT governance and institutional resilience in constrained education systems.

Developing an Adaptive Enterprise Architecture Model Integrating Business Capabilities, Value Streams, and IT for Strategic Alignment in Complex Organizations

The acceleration of cloud transformation has brought SAP Business Technology Platform (SAP BTP) to the center of intelligent enterprise architectures. As organizations expand hybrid landscapes integrating SAP S/4HANA, cloud extensions, APIs, and third-party systems, traditional perimeter-based security models have become insufficient [3]. This paper presents comprehensive security architecture grounded in Zero-Trust principles, continuous verification, identity centric security, least privilege design, and micro segmentation, aligned with industry standards defined by NIST and adapted for SAP BTP’s multi-tenant environment. The study evaluates identity governance using SAP Cloud Identity Services, secure integration patterns for SAP CPI, and AI-driven threat detection mechanisms. Through comparative assessments and real-world architectural patterns, this work demonstrates that Zero-Trust adoption significantly enhances confidentiality, integrity, audit readiness, and resilience across SAP BTP ecosystems [5], [10].

The fact that Artificial Intelligence (AI) has quickly been integrated into the information systems of enterprises has reinvented the decision-making process and allowed organizations to transition to predictive strategies rather than reactive ones. The current paper explores how AI-based predictive analytics can change the quality of decisions, speed, and performance of modern companies. Based on multi-industry data sets and recorded enterprise benchmarks, the study employs a quasi-experimental design based on difference-in-differences estimation and panel regression models to eliminate the causal influence of AI adoption. Quantitative data indicate that the organizations that use AI-enabled predictive systems experience, on average, 17-25% decrease in decision latency, 20% increase in the accuracy of forecasts, and 9-14% increase of the operational key performance indicators (KPIs) like cost efficiency and timeliness. Such effects are enhanced in companies where information-system maturity is high and strong data-governance systems are in place. The findings indicate that AIs value is not only achieved by implementing algorithmic sophistication, but also by integrating systems as part of enterprise architectures and decision processes. The article also develops a governance-risk framework of sustainable AI implementation with a focus on explainability, auditability, and human supervision. Altogether, this study adds to the intersection of AI and Information Systems as it provides empirical data on how predictive analytics facilitates the process of managerial decision-making and develops an operational model that businesses may adopt to achieve the best ROI on AI investments. The research ends with the strategic suggestions on merging AI maturity with organizational readiness to provide visibility, data-driven, and ethically controlled decision ecosystems.

Management of student assessments in Islamic boarding schools, especially at the Madrasah I’dadiyah level, is still largely manual and fragmented, making it difficult to monitor students’ academic development and character effectively (Hidayat, 2019). This study aims to design an Enterprise Architecture for the student assessment system using the TOGAF (The Open Group Architecture Framework) method, known as a standard framework for structured enterprise architecture design (The Open Group, 2018; Lankhorst, 2017). The research approach was carried out through a case study at the Madrasah I’dadiyah Islamic Boarding School Salafiyah Syafi’iyah Sukorejo, which combines business needs analysis, application architecture design, data, and technology (Erl, Khattak, & Buhler, 2017; Nurhadi & Susanto, 2020). The results of the study indicate that the application of TOGAF ADM can produce an integrated system architecture, enabling more efficient, accurate, and easily accessible assessment data management by Islamic boarding school managers. The proposed system also supports data-driven decision-making, facilitates the evaluation of students' academic and moral development, and strengthens educational management within the I'dadiyah environment. This research contributes to the development of an enterprise architecture-based educational information system in Islamic boarding schools.

The implementation of digital technology in academic activities has become an urgent necessity for educational institutions to improve service quality, enhance information management efficiency, and support accurate decision-making. SMA Ibrahimy 2 Sukorejo faces challenges in the form of fragmented processes, the use of non-integrated applications, and limited infrastructure and data management. This research aims to develop an enterprise architecture blueprint for an integrated Academic Information System using the TOGAF Architecture Development Method (ADM). The research method employed is qualitative–design oriented, with data collected through observation, in-depth interviews, document analysis, and validation through discussions with relevant stakeholders within the school. The design stages follow the ADM framework, including the development of the Architecture Vision, Business Architecture, Application Architecture, Data Architecture, and Technology Architecture, complemented by gap analysis and the formulation of an implementation roadmap. The results indicate that the current academic processes lack adequate integration of data and applications, highlighting the need for an architectural framework to serve as a foundation for digital transformation at the school. The resulting architecture blueprint includes business capability mapping, key academic process flows, a list of integrated applications, a conceptual data model, and a hybrid cloud-based technology infrastructure design. The gap analysis identifies major deficiencies in workflow, information management, and infrastructure, while the implementation roadmap is structured into five stages, ranging from system foundation development to core module implementation, integration, and advanced analytics. Through this blueprint, the school gains strategic and technical guidance for developing a structured, standards-compliant, and sustainable Academic Information System. This architecture blueprint is expected to support improvements in operational efficiency, information transparency, and the quality of educational services, as well as serve as a reference for future research and architectural design in similar educational institutions.

The integration of IT services is a critical challenge for public organizations that seek to modernize their operational ecosystems and strengthen mission-oriented processes. In the field of fiscal oversight, supreme audit institutions (SAIs) increasingly require systematized and interoperable service architectures to ensure transparency, accountability, and effective public resource control. However, existing literature reveals persistent gaps concerning how service integration models can be deployed and validated within complex government environments. This study describes an enterprise architecture-driven service integration model designed and evaluated within the Office of the General Comptroller of the Republic of Colombia (Contraloría General de la República, CGR). The study tests the hypothesis that an Enterprise Architecture-driven integration model provides the necessary structural coupling to align technical IT performance with the legal requirements of fiscal oversight, which is an alignment that typically does not appear in generic governance frameworks. The methodological approach followed in this study combines an IT service management maturity assessment, process analysis, architecture repository review, and iterative validation sessions with institutional stakeholders. The model integrates ITILv4 (Information Technology Infrastructure Library), TOGAF (The Open Group Architecture Framework), COBIT (Control Objectives for Information and Related Technologies), and ISO20000 into a coherent framework tailored to the operational and regulatory requirements of an SAI. Results show that the proposed model reduces service fragmentation, improves process standardization, strengthens information governance, and enables a unified service catalog aligned with fiscal oversight functions. The empirical validation demonstrates measurable improvements in service delivery, transparency, and organizational responsiveness. The study contributes to the field of applied system innovation by: (i) providing an integration model, which is scientifically grounded and evidence-based, (ii) demonstrating how hybrid governance and architecture frameworks can be adapted to complex public-sector environments, and (iii) offering a replicable approach for SAIs that seek to modernize their technological service ecosystems through enterprise architecture principles. Future research directions are also discussed to provide guidelines to advance integrated governance and digital transformation in oversight institutions.

Financial​‍​‌‍​‍‌​‍​‌‍​‍‌ institutions are struggling to keep their robotic process automation reliable, even though their operational environments are constantly changing. Traditional RPA deployments are very fragile and, as a result, are affected by changes in the interface, variations in the infrastructure, and even changes in the data formats. Manual intervention requirements undermine automation value propositions by extending recovery timelines and consuming support resources. The self-healing architecture presented addresses fundamental limitations through integrated telemetry capture, intelligent diagnostics, adaptive recovery mechanisms, and continuous learning capabilities. Multi-layer designs embed autonomous corrective logic directly within RPA execution frameworks rather than relying on external monitoring systems. Real-time telemetry streams enable pattern recognition algorithms to classify failure types and route incidents to appropriate remediation procedures. Adaptive selector management maintains hierarchical fallback chains spanning multiple element identification strategies. Exception routing logic distinguishes transient faults amenable to automated recovery from structural defects requiring human expertise. Financial operations implementations demonstrate practical applications across payment processing, account reconciliation, and regulatory validation workflows. Reliability engineering principles establish observability frameworks, measuring recovery efficacy and diagnostic accuracy. Continual learning architectures refine classification models through feedback loops, capturing production outcomes. The architectural framework transforms automation reliability from static design properties into dynamic operational capabilities evolving alongside environmental changes.

The rapid development of information technology requires educational institutions to adopt structured and integrated information systems. SMP Ibrahimy 3 Sukorejo, a pesantren-based junior high school, still relies on many manual operational processes. This study aims to design an enterprise architecture using the TOGAF Architecture Development Method (ADM) to identify the school’s information system requirements. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and document analysis, and then analyzed according to the ADM phases. The results indicate the need for system integration in student admission, attendance, grade processing, and financial administration, supported by a centralized database and improved network infrastructure. The resulting enterprise architecture blueprint serves as a strategic reference for information system development and for enhancing the quality of educational services in pesantren-based schools.

Enterprise Systems Integration (ESI) has become a strategic necessity in modern organisations seeking agility, efficiency, and scalability within complex technological environments. This study explores strategic approaches to building scalable software architectures through effective system integration. Drawing upon systems theory, socio-technical systems theory, and enterprise architecture frameworks, the paper develops a theoretical model linking integration maturity with architectural scalability enablers. Using a qualitative research methodology based on semi-structured interviews across eight organisations, the study examines how governance, process alignment, and architectural design influence scalable integration. Findings reveal that enterprises achieving higher integration maturity—characterised by governance, canonical data models, and service-oriented architectures—demonstrate greater scalability, resilience, and adaptability. Conversely, organisations with ad-hoc, point-to-point integrations struggle to manage growth and system evolution. The research highlights that scalability emerges not solely from technology, but from the alignment of organisational strategy, architecture, and governance. The paper concludes by recommending an integrated, socio-technical approach to achieving sustainable enterprise systems integration. Keywords: Enterprise Systems Integration, Scalable Software Architecture, Enterprise Architecture, Systems Theory, Qualitative Research.

This study aims to design an enterprise architecture for the Ma’had Aly Putri dormitory information system using the TOGAF ADM framework. The qualitative approach was employed to analyze business processes, data, applications, and technology architecture based on actual dormitory management conditions. The results of this study produce a comprehensive enterprise architecture design that integrates business processes, data entities, application modules, and supporting technology. This research highlights the novelty of applying TOGAF ADM in the context of Islamic boarding school dormitory management to support more structured, efficient, and integrated information systems.

This study was conducted to model the enterprise architecture of AMIK HASS Bandung in order to improve the effectiveness of its educational services. The study was motivated by the use of information systems that previously operated in a fragmented manner, were not integrated, and were not aligned with institutional objectives. These conditions led to inefficiencies in business activities and academic services. To address these issues, the study employed the Enterprise Architecture Planning (EAP) approach because it provides a structured framework for developing data, application, and technology architectures that are aligned with business needs and support comprehensive and systematic information system planning. The modeling process was carried out through several stages, including planning initiation, business modeling, enterprise surveys, analysis of current systems and technologies, and the development of data architecture, application architecture, and technology architecture. The results produced an enterprise architecture design consisting of key data entities, application requirements to support business functions, the necessary technology platforms, and an implementation roadmap to guide future information system development. The proposed enterprise architecture provides a comprehensive view of organizational information needs and business processes, making it a suitable foundation for developing an integrated information system that aligns with institutional strategies.

How to implement sustainability and corporate social responsibility (CSR) is an important question for organisations. In investment decisions, these issues must be taken into consideration because they represent long-term prospects. In discussions about Enterprise Architecture (EA), which provides a long-term view of an organisation's development, these issues are considered by many authors to be an essential part of the EA. However, in practice, architects struggle with how to implement these topics in their EA. In this paper, we introduce a framework to classify sustainability and CSR goals. Based on this framework, we propose a set of EA principles that architects can adapt to their organisation to tailor the EA to these goals.

Urban mobility in Lisbon faces persistent constraints driven not only by congestion, parking scarcity, and emissions but also by deeper structural issues such as fragmented governance and limited cross-peripheral public transport connectivity. These shortcomings hinder integrated mobility planning and motivate the exploration of Shared Autonomous Vehicles (SAVs) as a complementary urban transport solution. Existing SAV frameworks rarely integrate governance coordination, data interoperability, and contextual adaptation for medium-sized European cities. This study addresses this gap by designing and validating a reference model for the deployment of SAVs in Lisbon using a design–science approach combining a literature review, enterprise architecture modelling, and stakeholder validation. The proposed model contributes the following: (i) a governance coordination framework for multi-actor urban mobility ecosystems; (ii) an integrated digital and application architecture supporting multimodal services and user trust mechanisms; and (iii) a technology layer enabling V2X communication and interoperable mobility data flows. The model is demonstrated through Lisbon-specific scenarios aligned with local sustainable mobility strategies. Scenario interpretation is informed by literature-based performance benchmarks—including travel-time reductions of 13–42%, energy-use reductions of 12%, and GHG reductions of 5.6%—which are used as reference indicators rather than simulation outputs. The resulting framework bridges strategic policy and implementable system architecture, supporting the transition towards integrated, sustainable, and autonomous mobility in medium-sized European cities.