Enlightening Experience Research Articles

DANCE/MOVEMENT THERAPY

The purpose of this paper is to examine dance/movement therapy as a holistic approach for working with the elderly. The premise is that dance/movement therapy can play a vital role in the prevention and treatment of illness with the elderly and act as a motivating force for maximizing lifelong growth potential. Therapeutic approaches to physically. emotionally. and intellectudly disabled elderly are discussed. The paper concludes that dance/movement therapy with the elderly can be an enlightening experience which can inspire the therapist and clients to face life and death with love and energy.

German Historicism and the Changing Image of the Church, 1780–1820

ADICHOTOMY seems to exist between the ecclesiology of the Enlightenment, based on rational, natural law, which perceived the Church or any institution as a juridical societas having rights and obligations, and the ecclesiology of Sailer and the Tubingen School, which under the influence of the Sturm und Drang as well as romantic idealism concentrated on the religious and ethical aspects of the Church. In this latter view, the Church became a dynamic mediatrix of a living spirituality. Generally, this genesis of German romantic idealism and its implications for Catholic theology have been interpreted as a revolt against a weak and imitative Aufklarung, supposedly merely a reflection of the FrancoBritish Enlightenment experience. The Aufklarung, however, was not merely a poor imitation of the Western model. There is a strong continuity between the Aufklarung and succeeding movements. A modern sense of historical consciousness emerged in the Aufklarung tradition and has connected the German Enlightenment with Hegel and romantic idealism. It is within this emergence of historicism that the ecclesiology of the Church experienced a transformation with implications even into the post-Vatican II era. To analyze a religious issue from the perspective of individuals is reasonable, since theology is concerned with speculation. But a sense for the whole movement may be lost. To interpret on the basis of a specific program may also lose a sense for the relationship of the issue to the historical epoch. Hence the levels of interpretation represented by individuals, schools, programs, or movements must be completed by an appeal to such notions as theological or mood. Denoting mood expresses lines of affinity that are as important as adherence to a specific movement. Within a given epoch the term strategy helps specify a level above that of program or of method in the technical sense. In studying the response of such reformist Catholics as Johann Michael Sailer and Johann Sebastian von Drey, the focus should be on their efforts to respond to the German Aufklarung rather than merely to the FrancoBritish Enlightenment and romantic idealism. Viable answers to theolog-

THE JUDGE AS UNCOMMON MAN

Judges are essentially technicians. The problems they have to solve require speedy, sometimes instant, solutions and the pressure of cases is not eased by their judgments. There is little time for reflecting on deeper principles. Lord Devlin's swift departure from the Bench in 1964 gave him the opportunity to stand back from the fray and to make his every judgment reserved. His new book, The Judge, a collection of addresses delivered between 1975 and 1978, demonstrates again that he has seized the opportunity with both hands. It is a tour deforce, brimming with judicious aphorisms and arresting insights into both the darker corners of the law and those paths that hitherto had appeared well-trodden. The Judge is a legal and literary masterpiece, every part of which richly repays study, and it is an enlightening and pleasurable experience to travel the roads of justice with such a guide. His sure sense of direction, his feeling for history, his frequent digressions into unexplored or little travelled by-ways, his understanding, compassion and power of description grip the attention, lift the spirit and make an exacting journey into an enjoyable excursus. The journey is exacting not because of technicalities, for these he has deliberately shunned. It is exacting because the terrain he negotiates is difficult, the issues he confronts are profound, and the intellectual forces he brings to bear are formidable. His case is always put with precision and clarity and the occasional tendency towards intellectual coursing, relentlessly pursuing hares raised by others and sometimes starting a few of his own, derives from his respect for those of opposite opinion, a respect which requires him to demolish with ruthlessness the mere semblance of a contrary argument. The result is a sustained, rigorous and powerful account of the art of judging which alleviates the sense of loss his passing from the Bench occasioned to English jurisprudence. The compass of the book is very wide indeed. Among the matters covered is the role of the judge in the development of the law, the sentencing duties of the judge, the adversary system of investigation and trial, the function of the jury, the role of precedent and the appeal system. Lord Devlin begins with a consideration of the function of the judge, in particular whether judges should be involved in creative lawmaking. His general answer is that they should not. So far as statute law is concerned the duty of the judge is to interpret and apply, not to obstruct; development of the law, if permissible at all, should inch forward with measured caution. In common law matters, where there is by contrast a general warrant for judicial lawmaking, Lord Devlin is in favour of judicial activism. Activism here means that creativity is allowable only in so far as it operates within the consensus

Dance/movement therapy: A holistic approach to working with the elderly

The purpose of this paper is to examine dance/movement therapy as a holistic approach for working with the elderly. The premise is that dance/movement therapy can play a vital role in the prevention and treatment of illness with the elderly and act as a motivating force for maximizing lifelong growth potential. Therapeutic approaches to physically, emotionally, and intellectually disabled elderly are discussed. The paper concludes that dance/movement therapy with the elderly can be an enlightening experience which can inspire the therapist and clients to face life and death with love and energy.

The ego dilemma and the Buddhist experience of enlightenment

The author examines the core problem of existence, the dread of nonbeing, from the standpoint of object-relations theory and subsequently demonstrates that the experience of enlightenment, emerging from religious mysticism, may be seen as the resolution of this basic human problem. The investigation of the experience of enlightenment is pursued from the perspective of Buddhism, a subject with which the author is most familiar.

Suzuki, Hartshorne, and Becoming-Now

The aim in this paper is to discuss philosophic views of Suzuki Daisetz and Charles Hartshorne with respect to conception of process. The thesis is that Hartshorne's whiteheadian of and Suzuki's interpretation of Zen Buddhism contain common vision of what is concrete in human experience and, for that matter, in experience generally. Explicit focus is on what can appear as crucial difference between two philosophers concerning issue of a present now. One concerned with philosophic and religious studies, and standing in some sense within American tradition of so-called philosophy, finds an interest in Suzuki and Zen experience of zazen aroused for two basic reasons. First, if philosophy of process is to be true to human experience, it ought to be verifiable by every experience whatsoever, but falsifiable by none. Since Hartshorne in fact holds this principle of method worthy enough to be practiced, his metaphysics, if true to life, must be verified by zazen. But within general history of ideas, experience of enlightenment, the peace that passes all understanding, has been reported by persons of varying religious and philosophic persuasions, and articulated in diversity of ways. So secondly, interest herein specifically concerns Suzuki's interpretation of Zen because it seems quite in agreement with some, if not all, aspects of Hartshorne's metaphysic and logic. Note, for example, following claims of Suzuki that we have correlated (in parentheses) with certain principles Hartshorne defends. First, being is activity itself (process); secondly, world of prajna or nonduality is always new, fresh, and dynamic, never repetition-for unity is multiplicity (creative synthesis). Third,

Changing patterns of medical care. Women in medicine. A tribute to long service.

IT was an enlightening experience to participate recently as a guest speaker in a symposium arranged by the Medical Practitioners Union in which the changing pattern of medical care was discussed. ...

Project Hope Abroad

At a time when our own healthcare delivery system is undergoing nationwide scrutiny and is receiving critical attack from several directions, it is an enlightening and educational experience to work with an organization which, since its inception, has been totally devoted to the analysis and upgrading of health education and delivery throughout the world. The major purpose of Project Hope is medical teaching. Considering the magnitude of the medical and population problems in the countries visited by Project Hope, merely functioning as a medical-service ship could not possibly have a significant effect upon the health-welfare of any country. The purpose, therefore, has been to teach and train physicians, dentists, nurses, technicians, pharmacists, dieticians, public health workers, and all other levels of paramedical personnel in their own medical environment so that they, in turn, can train others. The educational impact thus long overlasts the tenmonth stay of the ship in a

Building biotechnology in Okinawa

Last fall I was invited to an international workshop with the aim of helping develop a research university in Okinawa, the Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology (OIST). It was an enlightening experience to observe the creation of a new knowledge infrastructure. Although I cannot comment on the workshop discussions, I will share some of my personal thoughts and observations.To understand the development of a research university in Okinawa, it is necessary to first understand Okinawa. Historically a separate nation, Okinawa became a prefecture of Japan in 1879. Following the Second World War, Okinawa was under United States administration until 1972, when it was transferred to Japanese administration. It comprises less than 1% of Japan's landmass, but is home to more than 75% of Japan's US military bases. While under US administration, Okinawa's economy was largely comprised of direct and indirect revenues from the US military bases. Since the transfer to Japanese control, concerted efforts have been underway to diversify and develop an independent economy. The main industries are currently tourism, functional foods and information and communication industries. Okinawa's dependence on revenues from the US military bases has decreased, but unemployment remains high – twice the rate of any other prefecture – and per capita income is the lowest in Japan.My first observation on arriving at OIST was its isolation. The institute was built into a dense forest at the top of a mountain, in wonderful harmony with nature. Yet, as I looked out at the rich forests, I wondered where all the supportive infrastructure was. Where were the office parks, incubator spaces and the cafes and restaurants where innovators could work and interact? It became immediately apparent that beyond building a state-of-the-art research institute, much effort would be needed to attract and retain complementary assets. If scientists seeking to develop innovations from OIST laboratories had to leave the area, or leave Okinawa, to develop them, then they might never return, or worse, not elect to initiate research in Okinawa.Beyond simply having the necessary resources for development and commercialization of innovations, Okinawa and OIST also need a compelling pitch if they are to attract interest; given the numerous global locations to engage in research and development, what are compelling reasons to select Okinawa? The founders of OIST established it as an English-speaking institute – a decision which potentially places it as a gateway for Japanese seeking to reach outwards, and a gateway for foreigners seeking access to Japan markets and minds. They have also been strongly involved in supporting local schools, helping build an innovative mindset among the next generation of Okinawans.I feel that more aggressive tactics should also be applied. Okinawa's unique situation – the relative abundance of foreign military bases and the weak economy – enable it to make special requests of the central government. I strongly encourage OIST and Okinawa to seek special status to bolster development. Just as Puerto Rico's strategic tax abatements led it to become the dominant location for pharmaceutical manufacturing for the US market, Okinawa can employ policy measures unavailable to other prefectures to drive development. Reducing the tax burden for eligible start-ups and reducing payroll taxes for start-up employees are good ideas which have been implemented elsewhere, but Okinawa can also become a test-ground for greater innovation policies. Article 35 of Japan's Patent Law, similar to the US Bayh-Dole Act, grants ownership of employee inventions to the employer (including research institutes and universities). Although this automatic grant of ownership to universities has been successful in the leading American universities, an alternative model has been working very well in other countries. Some universities, such as Canada's University of Waterloo (home to more high-tech and knowledge-based spin-offs than any other Canadian school) opt to grant intellectual property ownership to the inventor. Although the university might lose millions of dollars in potential patent royalties, it is able to attract and retain leading researchers at lower cost and also gains all the spillover benefits from development and commercialization. By granting OIST a waiver from Article 35, the institute could attract global research leaders who seek to own their inventions. Venture capitalists and service providers could follow these researchers, helping develop a local supportive infrastructure at no direct cost.The development of a new research university is a complex undertaking. Diverse inter-connected and mutually dependent elements must be laid down, often with external support to sustain them until they can be self-sufficient. The leadership at OIST realizes the need for long-term thinking and sustained support. I look forward to following their progress.

World Religions and Christian Theology—II

Every genetic moment is a mystery. It is dawn, discovery, spring, new birth, coming to the light, awakening, transcendence, liberation, ecstasy, bridal consent, gift, forgiveness, reconciliation, revolution, faith, hope, love. It could be said that Christianity is the consecration of the genetic moment, the living centre from which it reviews and renews the indefinitely various and shifting perspectives of human experience in history. That, at least, is or ought to be its claim: that it is the power to transform and renew all things: ‘Behold, I make all things new’ (Rev. 21,5).But, it will be said, even supposing your interpretation of Christianity is just, that at its centre is the genetic moment, the holiness of the new, could not the same claim be made for other traditions, for which, say, the experience of enlightenment is the heart? Either Christianity is merely an instance of a universal type of the humane, whether communicated by religious tradition or not, or your version of Christianity is merely parasitic on some generally available truth about human experience, which historical Christianity as a matter of fact has successfully smothered for centuries of institutionalized timidity, boredom and repression.I want of course to argue that the Christian experience of the genetic moment is the critical instance, the touchstone of the new. But this is not to say that Christian self-understanding in theology does not allow of exploration of its crucial sense of the genetic moment in terms of other insights into genesis, birth from above and anew.

On the "Irrationality" of Zen

extraordinary claims for the efficacy and uniqueness of Zen and for satori, the experience of enlightenment which it produces.? As a way of life, Zen is said to be unsurpassed in excellence. It gives meaning and value to existence. It is the essence of life. According to Suzuki, Zen is not a religion, not a philosophy, not a psychology, nor any type of science. The fruits of its practice are serenity, liberation, a true intuitive grasp of the whole of reality--in Buddhist terms-

Vascular lesions affecting the visual pathways.

There is no better means of acquiring an understanding of the subject of neuro-ophthalmology than by firsthand examination of pathologic specimens. For the ophthalmologist it is a most enlightening experience to see the great frequency with which sections of the brain contain lesions that affect, in a variety of interesting ways, the visual pathways. The autopsy material on which this discussion is based was selected by me from a large number of brain sections inspected at the neuropathology conferences conducted by Dr. J. M. Nielsen, of Los Angeles. The present discussion will deal primarily with involvement of the visual pathways through lesions in the temporal isthmus and in the occipital lobes. When the ophthalmologist is confronted with a cerebral defect producing a homonymous hemianopia without optic atrophy or impairment of the pupillary light reflex, he knows that the lesion is situated somewhere posterior to the lateral geniculate bodies. But for

A College Course in Job‐Finding

While an increasing number of colleges and universities are placing some emphasis upon aids to job‐seeking, the scheduling of a definite course on a voluntary attendance basis at Rutgers University has brought out some experiences and suggestions that should be valuable to any institution considering such service for undergraduates. The New Jersey university has had three years of enlightening experience in training seniors to sell themselves, a project that apparently is practical and makes the guidance program tangible.

Direct Method Under the Stuarts

It is good for the schoolmaster who considers himself up-to-date to research occasionally among old school-books, and to discover how many of his ‘modern’ ideas are not modern at all; and a few evenings spent in the library of an old country house may be an enlightening and humbling experience. The pioneer will find that he is just an antiquary, the innovator that he is a reactionary. But if he can stomach the blow to his pride, he may find himself amused as well as enlightened, though the source of amusement will vary with the type of book. An eighteenth-century Greek Grammar will rely for its entertainment on the drawings and manuscript glosses of the pupil; but pleasure less crude is afforded by such a book as Familiarium Colloquiorum Libellus Graece et Latine, which was published in London in the year 1667, autore Johanne Posselio.

The Hopkins University, U.S

THE munificent bequests made by wealthy Americans for the promotion of education in the United States frequently excite our astonishment, for they are unparalleled in Europe at the present time. One of the most unique and well-devised of these bequests has lately occurred. Last year there died a Mr. Jonas Hopkins, a rich citizen of Baltimore, who, after providing for his relatives and leaving various minor benefactions, bestowed the chief part of his estate to found a university with an affiliated:medical school and hospital. Both the university and the hospital receive separate landed and other property of such a substantial character that the value of the total amount is over three millions of dollars. Each institution is to be controlled by a kboard of nine trustees, and the same persons are to be on both boards. The university will have no ecclesiastical or political character or supervision, and will be modelled as far as possible after all that is best in similar American and European institutions. It is intended to give the highest instruction that can be obtained, and the trustees are to act in accordance with the most enlightened experience of the day. The scientific and literary departments will first be organised, and then will follow the departments of Medicine and Law.