Engineering Science Research Articles

Analyzing Emulsion Dynamics via Direct Visualization and Statistical Methodologies.

Analytical centrifugation is a powerful technique that leverages the principles of centrifugal force and optical detection to characterize emulsion droplets in a label-free and high-throughput manner. Other advantages include minimal sample preparation effort and compatibility with a wide range of emulsion formulations. However, the resulting data can be rather complex and, thus, difficult to fully understand and interpret. To tackle this, we developed two analytical methodologies that enable an easy and intuitive understanding of the data as well as an objective, quantitative analysis and validated them using six model emulsions employing different surfactants. Through their application, insights with unprecedented clarity into dynamic emulsion behavior, stability mechanisms, and emulsion-based processes can be gained, facilitating advancements in fields such as food science, pharmaceuticals, and materials engineering.

The Scientific Frontiers of Neuroengineering, the Treatment of Schizophrenia and the Visionary Future

Science, civilization and mankind are today in the path of newer scientific divination as regards application of neuroscience and neuro-engineering in diverse areas of science and technology. Neuroengineering is the agglomeration of neuroscience, experimental neuroscience, computational neuroscience, neurology, electrical engineering and nanotechnology. The scientific frontier of neuro-engineering needs to be envisioned and revamped with the passage of scientific history and time. Scientific provenance, scientific divination and scientific revelation are the key highlights of neuroengineering, neuroscience and electrical engineering science today. Today the science of psychiatry and psychology are merged with neuroengineering and neuroscience. The author is a schizophrenic patient since November,2023. From October 2012, he is diagnosed with glaucoma in his both eyes. In this article, the author deeply and profoundly highlights the lucid and insightful world of neuroengineering and the science of psychiatry. This article is targeted towards a newer world in the field of neuroengineering with a deep interface with the trials and tribulations in his life as regards treatment of schizophrenia.

Интервью с юбиляром: доктору технических наук, профессору Киричеку Андрею Викторовичу – 60

In august 2024, the Vice-Rector of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education Bryansk State Technical University, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Full Member of Tsiolkovsky Russian Academy of Cosmonautics, Corresponding Member of the Russian Engineering Academy and the Academy of Engineering Sciences of the Russian Federation Andrey Viktorovich Kirichek turns 60.

Enhanced denoising for weak signal preservation in structured illumination microscopy

Structured illumination microscopy (SIM) is a powerful super-resolution technology in biological science because of its fast imaging speed, low phototoxicity, and full-field imaging. Despite this, SIM is hampered by out-of-focus background noise, which can obscure weak fluorescence signals and render them unrecognizable. Previous denoising algorithms tended to eliminate the noise along with the weak signals, causing a decrease in image quality. To address this issue, we propose a denoising algorithm based on out-of-focus plane information extraction (OPIE-SIM) that salvages the weak signal from the out-of-focus background noise. The OPIE-SIM algorithm enhances weak fluorescence signals by combining out-of-focus layer information with focal plane data and correcting the differences in point spread functions (PSF). This approach eliminates out-of-focus background noise and preserves the integrity of weak fluorescence structures while significantly reducing image acquisition time compared to traditional over-focusing imaging techniques. Through extensive simulations and experiments, we verified the feasibility of our approach. Compared with other denoising algorithms, our method generates images with a higher signal-to-noise ratio while maintaining the integrity of weak fluorescence structures.

Designing AR Interfaces for Enhanced User Experience

Augmented Reality (AR) interfaces are transforming biological education and research by providing immersive and interactive learning environments that increase user engagement and learning results. This study analyzes the use of augmented reality (AR) technology in biological sciences, highlighting the importance of User Experience (UX) design concepts in improving AR interfaces for educational effectiveness. The research provides a comprehensive overview of designing AR interfaces tailored to biological education, highlighting intuitive navigation, interactive feedback mechanisms, and personalized learning experiences. By examining current advancements and future trends in AR technology, the paper identifies key opportunities for innovation in educational settings. A poll of sixty students was conducted to collect data on demographics, AR usage experience, educational efficacy, user satisfaction, and perceived advantageous features. The data indicate that AR is well-received, with high scores for simulation realism, ease of use, and engagement. This lecture finishes by bringing together information about augmented reality's transformative potential in biology education and research. It proposes avenues for further research and development to harness the full capabilities of AR technology, shaping the future of learning in the biological sciences.

Management of Santri Character Education in Answering the Challenges of Modernity in the Era of Globalization

Islamic boarding schools in their development are required to make changes in line with the demands of the world with the advancement of science in life. Islamic boarding schools consciously adapt to globalization as a dynamic that cannot be avoided, this global current causes changes in all aspects of life, including in the world of education, and Islamic boarding schools also participate in the assimilation of science and modern technology. The Islamic boarding school education system has shifted towards a more positive direction, structurally and culturally concerning leadership patterns, leadership and santri relationship patterns, communication patterns, and decision-making methods. Islamic boarding schools respond to changes that occur by revitalizing teaching patterns so that they are able to grow scientific traditions and give birth to generations of learning, revitalizing pesantren leadership patterns so that they are more open to all changes, and revitalizing a more conducive, comprehensive and empowering learning environment.

An investigation into science motivation, technology acceptance, and satisfaction intention during the transition to E-learning of prospective biology teachers

An investigation into science motivation, technology acceptance, and satisfaction intention during the transition to E-learning of prospective biology teachers

Secondary School – Higher Education Institution Continuity on the Example of Teaching Computer Science and Information Technology

The problem of continuity at different levels of education is not new for pedagogy, teaching individual disciplines, including computer science and information technology. It is impossible not to take into account that information technologies are an independent discipline, a means through which the transformation of school and university education has been taking place in recent decades. The content of informatics at school and university should to a certain extent correspond to the level of science development and the requirements of society. The variety of digital tools and the ubiquitous availability of information create huge opportunities for their creative use within their discipline, related natural science subjects, and in various other spheres of human activity. Based on a comparative analysis, the article draws conclusions about the problems faced by both domestic and foreign specialists in the field of education. The article analyzes the strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and problems of the school and university education systems in Russia and abroad, and considers their relationship. It is substantiated that the lack of consistency and discreteness in the process of teaching computer science and information technology at school lead to a discrepancy between the training of school graduates and the requirements for the basic knowledge of first-year university students. The article presents the results of the analysis of basic curricula at school (in the field of computer science) and curricula in the preparation of future computer science teachers at the university (using the Transbaikal State University as an example). The authors analyze the results of diagnostic testing, which was conducted with first-year students of the Transbaikal State University in September 2023/2024, in order to monitor their existing knowledge and skills in the field of computer science. The article suggests ways to solve the problem of secondary school – higher education institution continuity in the field of computer science. The results of the study can be used in the preparation of future computer science teachers in higher educational institutions. Keywords: continuity of education, lifelong education, computer science and educational technologies, information competence, computer literacy

Preface

2024 3rd International Conference on Advances in Modern Physics Sciences and Engineering Technology (PSET 2024) was held in Wuhan, China during June 29-30, 2024. The PSET 2024 is organized by National Institute of High Mathematics (INdAM), Italy; Complex Engineering Systems (OA Journal Editorial Office) and technically supported by Nanyang Technological University, Singapore; University of Victoria, Canada; Politecnico di Milano, Italy and Rongzhi Sciences and Technology Center, China. The conference program included keynote, oral, and poster presentations from scientists working in similar areas, aiming to establish platforms for collaborative research projects and to explore potential opportunities for international cooperation in the fields of Modern Physics Sciences and Engineering Technology. This year, we received an overwhelming response from the scientific community, with a total of 57 paper submissions. Each submission underwent a rigorous peer-review process, ensuring that only the highest quality research was selected. After careful consideration and evaluation by our esteemed review panel, 21 papers were accepted for presentation at the conference. The selected papers represent a diverse range of topics, reflecting the multidisciplinary nature of modern physics and engineering technology. From quantum state implementation based on topological insulators to cutting-edge advancements in engineering applications, the research presented here pushes the boundaries of current knowledge and opens new avenues for future exploration. We hope that the proceedings of PSET 2024 will inspire and stimulate further research and collaboration among scientists, engineers, and researchers worldwide. We want to thank all the authors who have contributed to this volume, as well as the Publication Editor, Organizing Committee, Scientific Committee, Keynote Speakers, Sponsors, and all the conference participants for their support of PSET 2024. We sincerely hope to see you again next year at PSET. Publication Editor Dr. Beddiaf ZAIDI University of Batna 1, Algeria List of Committee Members are available in this Pdf.

Changing focus: making sustainability a major theme in existing university modules

In this article we report some practical experiences of integrating education for sustainable development into established university teaching modules. The 2021 guidance on Education for Sustainable Development from the UK’s standards bodies QAA and Advance HE is an important and urgent motivation for introducing sustainability into university courses. We take as our context a first-year introductory module in Chemical Products and Process in the School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and a second-year module in Software Engineering and Systems Development in the School of Electronics, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, both at Queen’s University Belfast. We outline some of the challenges of adding new themes to existing courses. We comment on ways of presenting themes of sustainable development alongside existing module content, and we indicate the type of work students produced. We identify approaches that resulted in good outcomes, and outline changes we have made with a view to improved future outcomes.

Innovative Approaches to Sustainable Civil and Structural Engineering: Integrating Resilient Design, Material Science, and Smart Technologies

Innovative Approaches to Sustainable Civil and Structural Engineering: Integrating Resilient Design, Material Science, and Smart Technologies

Повышение эффективности производственно-хозяйственной деятельности как базовое условие обеспечения международной конкурентоспособности отечественного производства

The importance of production and economic activity increasing efficiency is basic condition for achieving the country technological sovereignty and the international competitiveness of domestic production. Therefore, the conditions of tightening market competition in the post-industrial economy determine the relevance of the presented research. Moreover, the collective West makes serious efforts to restrain the intensity of research and development processes in the Russian Federation. They introduce antiRussian sanctions, including those aimed at limiting the access of domestic enterprises to the latest world scientific developments and technologies and, accordingly, at restricting the sales market for domestic products. Subsequently, the increasing the intensity, effectiveness, and efficiency of domestic enterprises development by enhancement their production and economic activities. The purpose of the research is to identify the issues of improving domestic enterprises operating efficiency as a component of the economic security and country international competitiveness in terms of their effective solutions. Identifying a set of problems allows ones to improve the efficiency of production and economic activity of domestic enterprises. Therefore, the most realistic way to improve their competitiveness, based on increasing labour productivity using the principles of scientific organization of labour, is to increase the profits by reducing the duration of the production and sales cycles. The practical significance of the obtained results concerns with their using by federal and regional authorities for development as so as implement their mechanisms for improving the efficiency of production and economic activity as a basic condition for ensuring international competitiveness of domestic production.

Long-term life expectancy in severe traumatic brain injury: a systematic review.

Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) pose significant challenges to public health, medicine, and society due to their substantial impact on victims, caregivers, and the community. While indicators like life expectancy or death rates provide insights into mortality and long-term outcomes, they fail to address how TBIs affect aging, neurological sequelae, cognitive impairment, and psychological or psychiatric disorders. Moreover, most studies are limited to North America, limiting the generalizability of findings across different social welfare systems. As a result, clinicians face difficulties in providing optimal care and prognosis, hindering the improvement of life quality for victims and caregivers and efficient public health service planning. This study aims to address these limitations by examining life expectancy, mortality rates, and long-term outcomes in severely injured individuals. PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and PEDro search engines were systematically searched for studies investigating life expectancy and long-term outcomes in severe traumatic brain injuries. The final search date for all sources/databases was July 31, 2023. We conducted a systematic review, and only original research articles published in English were eligible for inclusion. After the screening process, data were extracted about life expectancy, follow-up, and conclusions. This study analyzed 24 studies out of 343 identified. Life expectancy in the TBI population is lower than that of the general population. Older age and severity of functional impairments are major risk factors for mortality. Mortality rates are particularly high in the first two months. Mortality trends suggest a bimodal distribution, with a peak in the first five years followed by no further deaths until nine years after injury. The most influential factors include age, sex, trauma severity, independence in walking and feeding, time since injury, ventilator dependence, and cognitive and communication impairments. Respiratory and circulatory complications are among the leading causes of TBI-related deaths, followed by epilepsy, suicide, and respiratory infections. Further research is required, considering the different long-term outcomes after TBI and their impact on families and society, to accurately estimate the life expectancy necessary for clinicians, caregivers, national health institutions, and medico-legal settlements.

Moment-Based Reinforcement Learning for Ensemble Control.

Problems involving controlling the collective behavior of a population of structurally similar dynamical systems, the so-called ensemble control, arise in diverse emerging applications and pose a grand challenge in systems science and control engineering. Owing to the severely under-actuated nature and the difficulty of placing large-scale sensor networks, ensemble systems are limited to being actuated and monitored at the population level. Moreover, mathematical models describing the dynamics of ensemble systems are often elusive. Therefore, it is essential to design broadcast controls that excite the entire population in such a way that the heterogeneity in system dynamics is robustly compensated. In this article, we propose a reinforcement learning (RL)-based data-driven control framework incorporating population-level aggregated measurement data to learn a global control signal for steering a dynamic population in the desired manner. In particular, we introduce the notion of ensemble moments induced by aggregated measurements and derive the associated moment system to the original ensemble system. Then, using the moment system, we learn an approximation of optimal value functions and the associated policies in terms of ensemble moments through RL. We illustrate the feasibility and scalability of the proposed moment-based approach via numerical experiments using a population of linear, bilinear, and nonlinear dynamic ensemble systems. We report that the proposed method achieves the desired control objectives of various ensemble control tasks and obtains significantly better averaged-reward when compared with three existing methods.

경제안보기술의 특허출원에 대한 비공개 방안 - 일본의 특허출원비공개제도를 중심으로

In establishing the 6th Basic Plan for Science and Technology (2021.4.1-2026.3.31), Japan recognized the need for innovation in converging humanities and social sciences with science technology and revised the “Basic Act on Science and Technology” to the “Basic Act on Science and Technology and Innovation” and the “R&D Power Enhancement Act” to the “Act on Promotion of Science and Technology and Innovation Creation”. In its basic plan and important policies, goals such as the development of innovative technologies related to the convergence of cyber and physical spaces are set. Even though the purpose of developing such innovative technologies is set, in order to strongly promote the R&D and patent protection policy of high-tech (specific important technologies) that can be used maliciously in international disputes or cyber terrorism, etc., the “Economic Security Promotion Act” has been enacted and implemented as a separate legislation. The Act stipulates R&D policies for securing specific critical materials and specific critical technologies to protect national security and public safety and the system that allows patent applications to be non-disclosed was introduced and implemented on May 1, 2024 in cases where patent applications of research results could harm Japan's economic security and public stability. It is necessary to reflect it in Korea's technical security policy through in-depth analysis and review of the law relating to measures to secure specific important materials, research and development and research funding policy of specific critical technologies, and the Non-Disclosure System of Patent Applications of research results thereof. In particular, by analyzing in-depth the purpose and intention of the Japanese government to strongly promote it by separately legislating it, not by ordinary legislation, it is necessary to refer to the research and development related to national security in Korea and the patent protection policy of the research results. In particular, it is necessary to analyze in-depth the purpose and intention of the Japanese government to promote it separately, not by ordinary legislation, and refer to Korea's national security-related research and development and patent protection policies of its research results.

NANOPARTICLES UNVEILED: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF CLASSIFICATION, PROPERTIES, SYNTHESIS, AND APPLICATIONS

Nanoparticles, defined as particles with dimensions ranging from 1 to 100 nm, represent a groundbreaking domain of nanotechnology. NPs have immense importance across various scientific disciplines and industries. NPs can be classified into zero-dimensional (0D), one-dimensional (1D), two-dimensional (2D), and three-dimensional (3D) structures based on their dimensions. NPs are also classified into carbon, semiconductors, ceramics, polymers, and metal NPs based on their materials. NPs exhibit remarkable physicochemical properties, such as high surface area-to-volume ratios, exceptional thermal conductivity, and catalytic activity, making them crucial in fields such as materials science, medicine, and environmental engineering. Nanoparticles can be synthesized through both top-down approaches, where bulk materials are broken down into smaller particles, and bottom-up methods, involving the assembly of atomic or molecular components. Their applications are diverse and include drug delivery systems, advanced catalysts, nanoelectronics, and environmental remediation technologies, demonstrating their pivotal role in shaping our technological landscape.

A systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between selenium and osteoarthritis

Introduction: Osteoarthritis is an inflammatory disorder and the most common human joint disease. Considering the anti-inflammatory properties of selenium, we aimed to investigate the relationship between selenium and the risk of osteoarthritis in this study. Materials and Methods: The present study was a systematic review and meta-analysis based on the PRISMA guidelines, conducted in databases including Web of Science, Cochrane, ProQuest, PubMed, and Google Scholar Search Engine for articles published until December 12, 2023. Data was analyzed using STATA 14 software, and tests with p-values lower than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: Seven cross-sectional studies with 412998 participants were combined, and results indicated that selenium intake increased the risk of osteoarthritis (OR: 1.26; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.49). However, the risk of osteoarthritis in individuals with low, moderate, and high serum selenium levels was (OR: 1.03; 95% CI: 0.81, 1.31), (OR: 0.97; 95% CI: 0.83, 1.13), and (OR: 0.99; 95% CI: 0.99, 1), respectively. The relationship between serum selenium level and the risk of osteoarthritis in male and female patients were also (OR: 0.99; 95% CI: 0.98, 0.99) and (OR: 0.99; 95% CI: 0.98, 0.99), respectively. Findings showed the relationship between serum selenium level and knee (OR: 1.11; 95% CI: 0.89, 1.38) and hip (OR: 1.23; 95% CI: 0.86, 1.77) osteoarthritis. Conclusion: Selenium intake increased the risk of osteoarthritis by 26%. However, there was no statistically significant relationship between the serum selenium level and the risk of osteoarthritis. Considering the limited number of reviewed studies, further studies in this field are required. Registration: This study has been compiled based on the PRISMA checklist, and its protocol was registered on the PROSPERO (ID: CRD42023494294) and Research Registry (UIN: reviewregistry1762) website.

Response of Soil, Growth, and Biomass Properties of Lupin (Lupinus albus L.) to Wood ash and Sawdust

Two organic carbon resources (wood ash and sawdust) were applied in the study site to assess their profound effects on soil properties and growth and biomass properties of lupin (Lupinus albus L.). Because of their contribution to improving soil structure, enhanced water-holding capacity, and increased carbon sequestration. The experiments were conducted in mid-November 2022 at Grdarasha Research Station, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Iraq. The experiment includes two organic amendments (wood ash and sawdust) as a treatment and Control. Results showed that the application of wood ash and sawdust improved and raised the number of essential elements and heavy metals in the soil, which in turn boosted the ability of the roots to absorb nutrients. The highest germination percentage, plant height, and leaf number were observed in the ash treatment (95.00 %, 22.00 cm, and 21.22) respectively. The great values of fresh and dry shoot weight were found in sawdust treatment 63.78 and 14 g/plant) respectively. The effects of treatments were not significant on root length and fresh and dry root weights. The final findings showed that adding various forms of organic carbon could alter the chemical characteristics of the soil. This, in turn, might have a good impact on microbes, which can subsequently help plants grow by converting, solubilizing, and mobilizing soil nutrients. Furthermore, lupin plants appeared to be a form of phytoremediation, or absorption, for certain heavy metals.

Modulation of Intestinal Histology and Immune Functions Using Different Level of Salvia Indica Supplementations with Stocking Density in Local Quails

Under the direction of Salahaddin University in Erbil's College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, study was carried out to investigate how local quail performed biochemically, histologically, and immune-wise when varied levels of Salvia indica (SI) additive were added at high stocking density. For a 42-day trial, 216 one-week-old local quails were divided into four treatments at random, with three replicates for each treatment, in cages measuring 60 by 30 by 25 centimeters. The following was the design of the feed treatments: Positive control (12 birds/replicate), Negative control 20 birds per replicate at a high stocking density, 20 birds per replicate plus 0.2% of SI additive, and 20 birds per replicate plus 0.4% of SI additive. When compared to a negative control, the results indicated that 0.4% SI supplements with high stocking density produced the best live body weight and weight gain. When compared to positive and negative controls, the cholesterol level of female quails considerably (P<0.05) decreased in both SI with high stocking density; however, no significant variations were seen with either of the SI additives with high stoking density. Furthermore, when compared to the positive control, the LDL content in female quails was considerably (P<0.05) reduced by both supplements of SI with high stocking density and negative control. When treated with SI, the height of the jejunum villus was significantly (P<0.05) higher than when treated with both positive and negative controls. The size of Fabricius follicles was significantly (P<0.05) enhanced by the addition of SI treatments, but no significant difference was seen between the two SI additives with high stocking density. In summary, adding Salvia indica to a diet with high stocking density enhanced the quail population's biochemical markers, immunological response, and jejunum histology.

Rfid Technology in Library and Information Science

The radiofrequency identification system (RFID) makes it possible for devices like computers or machines to automatically recognize things, record metadata, or control certain targets. A technique called Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) makes it possible to identify objects without a direct line of sight. For administering the automated library and detecting theft, libraries are using the most recent technologies. The inventory, issuance, and return status of books, gadgets, and other objects in the library can all be monitored with the help of RFID systems. Additionally, it ensures that your library is secure and that no priceless resources are stolen from it. The library management system receives the ID number from the RFID system and uses it to retrieve the book, check it out, and produce a receipt. When a visitor returns a book, the tag responds with the ID number, and the system credits the user's account. The automated identification of library documents involved in a certain technical process requires reading data from the tag memory located in the working region of the RFID reader. Radio-frequency labels of the same type as the library labels but not those can also fall within the reading zone at the same time. Libraries must make sure that their RFID systems adhere to all applicable laws, keep them updated often, and instruct their employees and visitors on how to use them effectively.