Energy Storage Performance Research Articles (Page 1)

Doping with phosphorus atoms can significantly improve the electronic structure of graphdiyne (GDY), resulting in outstanding performance in electrocatalysis, energy storage, and ion transport. The identification of phosphorus-doped graphdiyne (P-GDY) has not been thoroughly investigated experimentally or theoretically because of the variety of doping sites. The C1s X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and C1s near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectra as well as the geometries of seven typical P-GDY and phosphorus-doped graphdiyne oxides [P(O)-GDY] were simulated using density functional theory (DFT). Additionally, the O1s XPS and NEXAFS spectra of five molecules containing oxygen atoms were also simulated to provide a thorough analysis of the structure-spectrum relationships. The calculated results demonstrated that the NEXAFS spectra significantly depended on the local structure. Theoretical simulations of XPS spectra were in excellent agreement with the experimental results in terms of peak positions and shapes. Stated differently, the combination of XPS and NEXAFS spectra can be effective in identifying seven P-GDY and P(O)-GDY molecules. Not only do our research findings offer a trustworthy theoretical reference for differentiating P-doped graphdiynes, but they also provide further theoretical forecasts and directions for experimental synthesis, facilitating the resolution of the challenging issue of P-doped carbon-based material identification.

Antiferroelectric (AFE) ceramics with typical double polarization-electric field loops hold exceptional potential for high capacitance density capacitors. However, the inherent contradiction between polarization and breakdown strength limits the energy storage performance in AFE ceramics. Herein, the polarization and breakdown strength are improved simultaneously via optimizing the sandwich structure with alternate large polarization (Ag0.82Bi0.06)NbO3 layer and high breakdown strength (Ag0.70Bi0.10)NbO3 layer. A recoverable energy storage density Wrec of 16.8 J cm-3 with energy efficiency η of 81.3% is realized in (Ag0.70Bi0.10)NbO3/(Ag0.82Bi0.06)NbO3/(Ag0.70Bi0.10)NbO3 ceramic, attaining the peak value of AgNbO3-based AFE ceramics. Moreover, the sandwich-structured ceramic shows good stabilities with variations of less than 7.0% over a temperature range of 30-150°C, frequency range of 1-500Hz, and 105 cycling in Wrec, and a discharge energy density Wd of 6.2 J cm-3 along with a fast discharge time t0.9 of 120ns. This research provides an effective strategy for enhancing the energy storage performance of lead-free AFE ceramics, highlighting their potential for practical applications in pulse power systems.

Enhancement of thermal stability of energy storage performances and electrocaloric effect in lead-free Ba0.65Sr0.35TiO3 ceramic

With the global low-voltage power market expanding rapidly, lead-free dielectric ceramics exhibit excellent stability and environmental friendliness, but their strong field-dependence limits low-field applications. There is an urgent need to develop lead-free ceramic systems with outstanding energy-storage performance under modest electric fields to meet the rapidly expanding global low-voltage power market for bulk ceramics. In this study, high-entropy ceramics (1 − x%)(NaBiBa)0.205(SrCa)0.1925TiO3-x%La(Zr0.5Mg0.5)O3 (x = 0–8) were successfully prepared. The introduced La(Zr0.5Mg0.5)O3 not only dissolves well in the high-entropy elementary lattice but also effectively improves its relaxation characteristics. High-entropy ceramics show optimal energy-storage characteristics, as indicated by an excellent energy-storage density of 4.46 J/cm3 and an energy-storage efficiency of 94.55% at 318 kV/cm. Moreover, its power density is as high as 92.20 MV/cm3, and the discharge time t0.9 is only 145 ns.

In high-voltage thin film capacitor applications, linear polymers have attracted considerable interest owing to their superior insulating properties. In this study, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) was chosen as the outer layers of a three-layer architecture because of its favorable thermal and chemical stability and reliable dielectric performance. The intermediate dielectric layer comprises a polymer blend of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and PMMA, designed to exploit PVDF's strong polarization to tune the composite film's dielectric response. We investigated how tuning the inner layer's dielectric properties influences the internal electric-field distribution and interfacial polarization characteristics of the three-layer structure, and we identified the optimal structural configuration for maximizing energy storage performance. Experimental results demonstrate that increasing the PVDF content in the inner layer markedly enhances interfacial polarization within the three-layer film. Concomitantly, the local electric field intensity in the middle layer decreases, whereas the field in the outer PMMA layers correspondingly increases, effectively redistributing the electric field. By optimizing the inner-layer dielectric properties, a three-layer film containing 30 wt % PVDF in the central layer achieved a discharge energy density of 15.3 J/cm3 under an applied field of 680 kV/mm.

High-entropy MXenes (HE-MXenes) represent a highly promising frontier in 2D materials, but their safe, fluorine-free synthesis remains a critical challenge. Recently, Lewis acidic molten salt etching has been emerged as a promising alternative due to its high operational safety and precise regulation of MXene surface terminal groups. This work reports a strategy utilizing anhydrous CuCl2 to etch the high-entropy MAX (HE-MAX)phase, (TiVNbMoW)3AlC2. The investigation reveals that the reaction is hindered by the formation of a previously unreported amorphous intermediate structure (M3C2-ClCux). However, this intermediate phase, trapped at a specific etchant concentration, degrades the material's electrochemical performance. By optimizing the etchant ratio, the adverse influence of the M3C2-ClCux on the electrochemical performance is effectively mitigated, enabling the successful synthesis of an accordion-like HE-MXene. The electrochemical energy storage performance of this HE-MXene is systematically evaluated in acidic and alkaline electrolytes. More importantly, this study not only presents a viable F-free synthetic route for HE-MXene but also reveals a novel reaction mechanism that is crucial for future process optimization and rational material design.

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are novel porous crystalline materials formed through the self-assembly of metal ions and organic ligands. They have various advantages, including tunable chemical and electronic structures, high porosity, and large specific surface areas. Owing to their unique structural and physicochemical properties, MOFs have been widely applied in the fields of catalysis, supercapacitors, sensors, and drug recognition/delivery. However, the intrinsic poor stability and low electrical conductivity of conventional MOFs severely hinder their practical implementation. Graphdiyne (GDY), a unique carbon allotrope, features a new structure composed of both sp2- and sp-hybridized carbon atoms. Its distinct chemical and electronic configuration endow it with exceptional properties such as natural bandgap, uniform in-plane cavities, and excellent electronic conductivity. Integrating MOFs with GDY can effectively overcome the intrinsic limitations of MOFs and expand their potential applications. As emerging hybrid materials, MOF/GDY composites and their derivatives have attracted increasing attention in recent years. This article reviews recent advances in the synthesis strategies of MOF/GDY composites and their derivatives, along with their performance and applications in catalysis, energy storage, and biological sensors. It also discusses the future opportunities and challenges faced in the development of these promising composite materials, aiming to inspire interest and provide scientific guidance.

Protein-based biomaterials offer sustainable and biocompatible alternatives to traditional ionic conductors, essential for advancing green energy storage and bioelectronic applications. In this work, a robust, intrinsically self-assembling repeat protein scaffold to enhance ionic conductivity through the selective incorporation of glutamic acids is engineered. These mutations increase the number of available protonation sites and promote the formation of well-defined charge pathways. The self-assembly properties of the system enable the propagation of molecular-level modifications to the macroscopic scale, yielding self-standing protein films with significantly improved ionic conductivity. Specifically, engineered protein-based films exhibit an order of magnitude higher conductivity than their unmodified counterparts, with a further ten-fold enhancement through controlled addition of salt ions. Mechanistic analysis shows that the conductivity enhancement originates from the intertwined contributions of proton transport, hydration, and ion diffusion, all promoted by engineered charged residues. Finally, films of the best-performing variant are integrated, as both separator and electrolyte, into a supercapacitor device with competitive energy storage performance. These findings highlight the potential of rational protein design to create biocompatible, sustainable, and efficient ionic conductors with the stability and processability required to be successfully integrated into the next generation of energy storage and bioelectronic devices.

Biochar-infused cellulose foams with PEG-based phase change materials for enhanced thermal energy storage and photothermal performance.

Simultaneous optimization of microwave dielectric properties and energy storage performance in low loss CaTiO3-MgTiO3-based linear composite ceramic

Annual performance of a calcium looping thermochemical energy storage with sCO2 Brayton cycle in a solar power tower

Enhancement of the energy storage and electrocaloric effect performances in 0.4 BCZT–0.6 BSTSn medium-entropy ceramic prepared by sol-gel method

Hybrid PCM concentration on energy storage and thermal performance of solar thermal air heater featured with carbon nanotube and copper oxide nanofluid

Enhanced dielectric and energy storage performance of polyetherimide doping with molecular semiconductor all-organic composites

Improved energy storage performance achieved in (1-x)(0.76Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3–0.24SrTiO3)–xBa0.8Ag0.2Sn0.8Ta0.2O3 ceramics with good thermal stability at low electric field

Superior energy storage performance of metastable β-Bi2O3 nanostructured electrode for advanced supercapacitor applications

Design, synthesis and energy storage performance of a novel n/p type organic polymer as organic molecule electrode for supercapacitors

PbHfO₃-based antiferroelectric ceramics with excellent energy storage performance and low sintering temperature by ZnO dopants

Experimental study on pressure effects on thermochemical energy storage performance of TiO2-doped Ca-based materials: From powder to pellet

Ultrahigh energy storage performance via defect engineering in Sr0.7Bi0.2TiO3 lead-free relaxor ferroelectrics