Energy-saving Device Research Articles

INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS OF ADSORPTION CLEANING RECIRCULATING AIR FOR ELECTRIC TESTS OF ELECTRIC PRODUCT TESTS

The purpose of the study of this work: to provide a scientific justification for the energy-saving device to maintain the normalized parameters of the recirculated air in special “clean” rooms, to derive formulas for calculating the adsorption material during the operation of the installation. The novelty of the constructive solution is protected and confirmed by patents of the Russian Federation for the invention. Methods. The volume of adsorbent determined by this method is placed in a tank with a recirculation loop, which includes: a cleaning unit nozzle, the inner surface of which is spring-loaded with a grid placed on the side of a moving air flow and a grid around the entire outlet section of the expanding nozzle. Spring-loaded mesh, placed on the side of a moving air flow, is made according to the profile of the velocity profile of the moving air flow, which is caused by the manifold speed impact on the adsorbent grains, horizontally arranged layers in order to level the absorbing capacity of silica gel KSM-5 throughout the drying device and use in the system recirculation of the air supplied by the fan leads to a probable entry of the vaporous mass of oil into the stream being cleaned, and the analysis of scientific and technical oh showed no literature data on the nature of such contaminants granular filter material, resulting in the need to study the penetration of the oil by volume adsorbent per cycle electrical testing of electronic devices in a heat chamber. Results. Based on the analysis of well-known foreign and domestic theoretical and experimental studies, there was no development related to vibration effects on the efficiency of adsorption drying of recirculated air for electrical thermal testing of electronic products. An adsorption unit has been developed with a horizontal arrangement of an adsorbing substance for treating air under conditions of vibration effects. Conclusion The installation developed by the authors passed laboratory and industrial tests at the Mayak plant of Kursk and was recommended for implementation as a resource-saving constructive solution protected by patents of the Russian Federation for invention. Keywords: special premises electrical testing of electronic products, recirculation circuit in the chamber for temperature testing - heat chamber, adsorption drying, transparent body of the drying device, oil contamination.

Numerical and experimental investigation on configuration optimization of the large-size ionic wind pump

An ionic wind pump is an energy-saving device that can produce a volume flow when electrodes are applied with high voltage. Compared to the traditional methods, ionic wind pumps possess the advantages of low energy consumption, no moving parts, compact structure and flexible design. In this study, a large-size ionic wind pump, consisting of many single regular hexagonal needle-ring ionic wind generators, was developed as the preliminary model. However, its experimental performance was not as good as our expectations. In order to improve this preliminary model, a simulation method was used to investigate the configuration factors of the single ionic wind pump. In the optimized model, mesh gap is 6 mm, eccentricity is 0.26, section area is 238.44 mm2 and needle electrode number is 3. In subsequent experiments, the final optimized large-size ionic wind pump showed a great promotion in velocity, and the maximum average velocity of the optimized pump was higher than the preliminary model by 13.3%. Our numerical simulation and experiment results have practical significance in designing ionic wind pumps.

Electron Thermionic Field Emission and Flow Model of Rapid-Switching Energy-Saving Electrochromic WO3/ZnO Core-Shell Nanorod Channels

This paper investigates electron transfer mechanism and charge flow model of rapid-switching energy-saving electrochromic WO3/ZnO core-shell nanorod channels. A 2–3 nm thick WO3 EC layer was coated uniformly onto high-aspect ratio ZnO nanorods. The stored charges were quickly de-intercalated, and the bleaching current decayed exponentially with a time constant of 0.75 s. The response time at bleaching was shorter than that at coloration, indicating that the effective potential barrier under bleaching was lower than that under coloring. Meanwhile, the holes trapped in the ZnO/WO3 interface enhanced electron transfer by the mechanism of thermionic field emission. A charge flow model with energy-band diagrams for the EC device at thermal equilibrium and during coloring and bleaching was presented. The WO3/ZnO nanorod channels had a high reversibility of 74% and a coloration efficiency of 70.6 cm2-C−1 at a wavelength of 450 nm, together with fast switching speed, demonstrating the high potential for intelligent green optical windows and energy-saving device applications.

Monitoring system design of the public energy-saving charging device

Aiming at the problem that when people go out and the mobile phone is dead, but there is no place to charge for phone, this thesis presents a monitoring system of energy-saving charging device at Bus Station,There are two mainly parts in this design, one is the use of solar panels installed on the roof of the Bus Station generates electricity, Electricity can be output to the storage battery through the automatic voltage drop module [1-2] in the form of electric current. The stored electric energy can be easily recharged by the mobile phone charging plug, It can facilitate the user that is out or his/her mobile phone is in the low-power state to replenish the power in time. The other part is the real-time monitoring System, when the control center sends a request to the detection module in order to uploading voltage and position data instructions through the PC or cell phone, the detection module can reply through the SIM800C SMS or through the serial port to the PC upload monitoring data, the control center staff can timely understand the charging system’s faulty and can locate the point of failure through the return of information, It is convenient for technicians to make accurate maintenance.

Advanced Polymers for Reduced Energy Consumption in Architecture.

In an effort to slow the progress of climate change, the current scientific community has focused on the reduction of greenhouse gases in order to limit the global average temperature inflation to less than 2°C. The improvement of thermally controlled construction materials can potentially result in lower energy homes/reduced emissions, and lowering the thermal conductivity of insulation materials improves home energy efficiency. Nanoporous insulation foams impart a drastic decrease in thermal conductivity but many polymer properties must be assessed to produce these materials. Passive phase-change materials also represent another key energy-saving device to control heat flux within a living space. Research into unique polymeric systems provides a novel means of encapsulation or creating polymeric cross-linked matrices to prevent leakage and improve mechanical robustness. These two areas of polymer research in architecture represent key advancements for construction materials aimed toward energy savings and energy-related emissions control.

Pre-swirl energy saving device in marine application

This paper covers topics of energy saving device (ESD) with application to marine propulsore. The form of ESD, considered in this paper, consists of fixed lifting foils mounted in front of the screw propeller (the pre-swirl stator/guide vanes). An algorithm for designing propulsion systems, consisting of guide vanes and screw propeller, is presented. The proposed method relies on hybrid lifting line (guide vanes)-lifting surface (screw propeller) vortex model. Additionally, an analysis method for such systems is also presented. It utilises lifting surface model for guide vanes as well as for screw propeller blades. Accuracy of the proposed method is notably lower in comparison with CFD calculations, however, the former is substantially faster and at the same time capable of providing accuracy sufficient for practical application. Further, the entire process of design and analysis is presented on the example of Nawigator XXI ship. The designed propulsion system, consisting of propeller CP753 and pre-swirl stator ST002, was manufactured and tested in model scale. Model tests revealed increased efficiency by 4% in the design point in comparison with the Nawigator’s original propeller CP469. Finaly, model scale experimental results, conducted in Ship Hydrodynamics Division of CTO Gdańsk, are compared with numerical predictions.

Numerical simulation of the ship self-propulsion prediction using body force method and fully discretized propeller model

The study proposes a numerical solution for the self-propulsion prediction of the Japan Bulk Carrier (JBC) ship model based on two different approaches: the first is the body force method using an infinite-blade actuator disk, while the second is based on a 3-D fully discretized propeller using the sliding grid technique. The computations are performed for the ship with and without Energy Saving Device (ESD) by making use of the ISIS-CFD solver which is available in the commercial software Fine™/Marine provided by NUMECA. The solver is based on finite volume method to build the spatial discretization to solve the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes equation (RANSE) in a global approach. Closure to turbulence is made by making use of k-ω SST model for the actuator disk case and EASM for the propeller model case. A comprehensive investigation is brought into attention for the nominal wake and the effective wake flow, for clarifying and understanding the hull-propeller interaction. The computed results are compared to the experimental results presented in the Tokyo Workshop on the Naval Hydrodynamics 2015 and showed a reasonable agreement.

Performance improvement of a split air conditioner by using an energy saving device

This study investigated the effect of an energy saving device (ESD) on the performance of a split-type air conditioner (SAC). The ESD was fabricated using a moisture-transferring and quick-drying textile (MTQDT), a condensate pipeline, and a distributor. The MTQDT was coated on the shell surface of the compressor to absorb the condensate expelled by a condensate pipeline and distributor to enable evaporative cooling of the compressor. The SAC was tested under various outdoor air conditions (29, 32, and 37 °C; 55% relative humidity) and under a fixed indoor air condition (26 °C; 50% relative humidity), and the performance of the SAC before and after ESD installation was compared. Results demonstrated that the MTQDT effectively improved compressor cooling and the efficiency of the SAC. Compared with the SAC without an ESD under the optimal condition, the shell temperature of the compressor, high-side pressure, and power consumption of the proposed SAC were 15.1 °C, 2.7%, and 9.2% lower, respectively. Moreover, the dehumidification capacity and energy efficiency ratio of the proposed SAC were 25.4% and 7.3% higher, respectively.

A New Energy Saving Device of the Tyre type Container Gantry Crane

This paper introduces a new type of energy saving device for tyre type container gantry crane (RTG for short), the main principle of reducing the energy consumption of the lifting process is for equipping the counterweight device and the wire rope winding device on cranes’ steel structure. The main components of the energy saving device are introduced in detail in this paper, and the stress analysis and theoretical mechanics calculation are carried out. The calculation results imply no significant stress influence on the steel structure of the equipment for the reasonable design of the steel wire rope winding device and the rationally distribution. The crane’s energy consumption decreased by 15% at the chosen port test after the installation of energy-saving devices, which has significant social and economic value.

Numerical study on the structural response of energy-saving device of ice-class vessel due to impact of ice block

The present paper considers the contact between energy-saving device of ice-class vessel and ice block. The main objective of this study is to clarify the tendency of the ice impact force and the structural response as well as interaction effects of them. The contact analysis is performed by using LS-DYNA finite element code. The main collision scenario is based on Finnish-Swedish ice class rules and a stern duct model is used as an energy-saving device. For the contact force, two modelling approaches are adopted. One is dynamic indentation model of ice block based on the pressure-area curve. The other is numerical material modelling by LS-DYNA. The authors investigated the sensitivity of the structural response against the ice contact pressure, the interaction effect between structure and ice block, and the influence of eccentric collision. The results of these simulations are presented and discussed with respect to structural safety.

Research of a hydrodynamic purifying device of exhaust and effluent gases from toxic components under dynamic conditions of their emissions into the atmosphere

The article describes the air purifying device of the “OTPO-9” type, which implements the technology of hydrodynamic purification with a foam method where foam was produced by bubbling. The article considers it as the most environmentally efficient and energy-saving device, based on the results of implementation of the methodology of technology selection for purifying exhaust and effluent gases from toxic components of industrial, public and domestic power units up to 1000 kW developed by the authors. The full-scale laboratory studies of the semi-industrial model of the developed device were carried out by the authors. These studies allowed us to define the nitrogen oxide and sulfur removal efficiency depending on the electric voltage, the shape of the device’s side wall in layout, the submersion of inlet and outlet pipe side holes, the ratio of the anode total area to the cathode one. Moreover, the authors have revealed the device scope of application and its advantages. The article states that the proposed device provides environmental safety of the implementation process in comparison with the use of chemical alkaline solutions, which are dangerous for human health and environment.

ANFIS CONTROLLER FOR AN ACTIVE MAGNETIC BEARINGS TO SUSPEND A FLYWHEEL ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM

<p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">A flywheel energy storage system (FESS) is an effective energy-saving device. It works by accelerating a rotor flywheel disc at a very high speed and maintaining the energy in the system as rotational energy. Active magnetic bearings (AMBs) are ideally suited for use at high-speed and are so used in FESSs. This work develops a mathematical model of the electromagnet force and rotor dynamic of a flywheel. The systems for controlling the position and velocity of the flywheel are designed based on the emerging approaches of an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). Fuzzy logic has occurred as a mathematical tool to deal with the uncertainties in human perception. It also provides a framework for applying approximate human reasoning capabilities to knowledge-based systems. Additionally, ANFIS has emerged as an intelligent controller with learning and adaptive capabilities. ANFIS is combined the fuzzy logic controller (FLC) and neural networks (NNs). In the method that is developed herein, the control model uses Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy logic, in which the back-propagation algorithm processes information from neural networks to adjust suitably the parameters of the fuzzy controller, and the output control signal tracks the input signal. This method can be applied to improve the control performance of nonlinear systems. The output signal responses transient performance of systems use an ANFIS that must be trained through a learning process to yield suitable membership functions and weightings. The results of the FESS indicated that the system responds with satisfactory control performance to reduce overshoot, a zero-error steady-state, and short rise time. The proposed controller can be feasibly applied to FESS with various external disturbances, and the effectiveness of the ANFIS with self-learning and self-improving capacities is proven.</span></p>

ANFIS CONTROLLER FOR AN ACTIVE MAGNETIC BEARINGS TO SUSPEND A FLYWHEEL ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM

<p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">A flywheel energy storage system (FESS) is an effective energy-saving device. It works by accelerating a rotor flywheel disc at a very high speed and maintaining the energy in the system as rotational energy. Active magnetic bearings (AMBs) are ideally suited for use at high-speed and are so used in FESSs. This work develops a mathematical model of the electromagnet force and rotor dynamic of a flywheel. The systems for controlling the position and velocity of the flywheel are designed based on the emerging approaches of an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). Fuzzy logic has occurred as a mathematical tool to deal with the uncertainties in human perception. It also provides a framework for applying approximate human reasoning capabilities to knowledge-based systems. Additionally, ANFIS has emerged as an intelligent controller with learning and adaptive capabilities. ANFIS is combined the fuzzy logic controller (FLC) and neural networks (NNs). In the method that is developed herein, the control model uses Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy logic, in which the back-propagation algorithm processes information from neural networks to adjust suitably the parameters of the fuzzy controller, and the output control signal tracks the input signal. This method can be applied to improve the control performance of nonlinear systems. The output signal responses transient performance of systems use an ANFIS that must be trained through a learning process to yield suitable membership functions and weightings. The results of the FESS indicated that the system responds with satisfactory control performance to reduce overshoot, a zero-error steady-state, and short rise time. The proposed controller can be feasibly applied to FESS with various external disturbances, and the effectiveness of the ANFIS with self-learning and self-improving capacities is proven.</span></p>

船舶の省エネ技術に関する研究 : フィン付ラダー模型の試作(奨学褒賞)

船舶の省エネ技術に関する研究 : フィン付ラダー模型の試作(奨学褒賞)

Automated room temperature optical absorbance CO sensor based on In-doped ZnO nanorod

Metal oxide based optical absorbance gas sensor (MOAGS) exhibits underlying potential to be the most promising energy-saving device with long-term stability and excellent sensing performance. In this work, a self-customized automated MOAGS setup was employed to study the carbon monoxide (CO) gas sensing performance between the hydrothermal synthesized ZnO nanorod (ZNR) and Indium-doped ZnO nanorod (IZNR) operating at room temperature of (25±1)°C. Specifically, it was found that the In3+ was evenly doped into ZnO lattice which in turn increased the defect density and generated an impurity state within the energy band structure of ZnO. The results showed that 0.04 mol% IZNR exhibited an optimum sensing performance with absolute optical absorbance change (OAC) of 0.067 a.u. under the 10ppm of CO gas testing environment with fastest respond and recovery time. The dependency of sensing performances to the optical band gap energy alteration and the defect state was evaluated. This work provides a simple and feasible route to develop the room temperate operating MOAGS for hazardous gas detection.

An Optimization Method of Stern Hull Form to Minimize Brake Horse Power (2nd Report)

This is the second report of hull form optimization to minimize Brake Horse Power (BHP). In the previous report, two hull form optimization techniques, Sequential Quadratic Programming (SQP) and Surrogated-Based Optimization (SBO), for minimizing BHP were proposed, and it was shown that the optimization methods are effective for obtaining high performance hull forms. Recently most of ships are equipped Energy Saving Device (ESD) to improve their performance. Some ESDs have energy saving effect of over 5%. However their effect is strongly dependent of a shape of a main hull. Similarly dimensions of a propeller are dependent of a shape of a main hull. Therefore hull form optimization considering ESD effect and propeller design is necessary for total BHP reduction.

Energy Efficiency Evaluation of IT based Ship Energy Saving System-(2) : Ship Test Results

IMO에서는 선박온실가스 규제를 위해 2013년부터 현존선의 선박에너지효율관리계획인 SEEMP (Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan)의 시행을 강제화하고 있다. SEEMP에서 권고하는 에너지절감기술 가이드라인은 크게 하드웨어적인 장비의 탑재 및 개조 또는 소프트웨어적인 기술을 통한 연료유 절감효과로 구분된다. 신조선의 경우 하드웨어적인 기술구현이 용이하지만 현존선의 경우 운항상 제약으로 인해 소프트웨어적인 에너지 절감기술 구현이 적용되고 있다. IT기반의 선박에너지절감 시스템 성능평가를 위해 해상시험을 수행하였고, 시스템 적용 전후의 항차데이터를 이용하여 연료유 절감효과를 비교 분석 하였다. 또한, SEEMP에서 자발적인 사용을 권고하고 있는 선박 경제운항 지표 (EEOI, Ship Energy Efficiency Operation Indicator) 분석을 통한 성능평가 결과를 제시하였다. SEEMP (Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan) has entered into force since 2013 for the reduction of GHG emission of operating ships. SEEMP guidelines include the hardware modification or installation of energy-saving device on ship. It also includes software based energy-saving technology such as optimum routing, speed optimization, etc. Hardware based technologies are not easy to apply to ongoing vessel due to the operational restriction. Therefore, IT based energy-saving technology was applied and its energy efficiency was evaluated using before and after energy-saving system applied voyage data. SEEMP advises a voluntary participation of EEOI (Ship Energy Efficiency Operation Indicator) use as an indicator of ship energy efficiency operation, and those results were also shown to evaluate the improvement efficiency of energy-saving system.

Design of Rapid Energy-saving Intelligent Fast Charging Device

As known that the traditional DC constant voltage charging equipment not only can cause the battery overcharge or insufficient charging, but also the charging time is too long. In the paper, based on the theory of pulse charging method and the design of the pulsed fast intelligent charging equipment is presented, the implementation of hardware and software process of the system is given out, the analysis of the results show that it can effectively prevent overcharge and low charge phenomenon in the charging process of battery.

Development of procedure for structural safety assessment of energy saving device subjected to nonlinear hydrodynamic load

There have been many attempts worldwide to reduce ships׳ fuel consumption. With fuel-efficiency improvement as their designed purpose, a variety of energy saving devices (ESD) have been developed and deployed. Much research with respect to ESD performance already has been carried out; however, the issue of ESD structural safety has received relatively little attention. According to the current approach to ESD structural safety assessment, the Morison equation, which is calculated for a certain probability-level velocity, is applied, or alternatively, a spectral method based on the assumption of a linear system between wave and response is utilized. Unfortunately, this methodology does not take into account the nonlinearity of hydrodynamic loads. Therefore, a new ESD structural safety assessment procedure that utilizes the neural network and time-domain simulation using the Gumbel fitting method is herein proposed. The procedure entails four main steps: sea-keeping analysis, hydrodynamic load analysis and neural network, ultimate strength analysis, and fatigue strength analysis. The important features of the proposed procedure are, in order, as follows. First, to consider the nonlinearity of hydrodynamic force acting on the ESD, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis is carried out on samples consisting of various wave heights and periods. The neural network is then trained based on the CFD analysis results for the prediction of hydrodynamic loads. Second, to take into account the randomness of the peak hydrodynamic force, a three-hour time-domain simulation is repeated 20 times for each sea state of a wave-scatter diagram, and Gumbel parameters are calculated for long-term analysis. Third, approximate long-term analyses using a contribution coefficient and short-term analysis are performed for an efficient long-term analysis.

A Promising Energy-Saving and Environmental-Friendly Lighting Device: High CRI White LED with Phosphor Materials

Two kinds of commercial LED phosphors (green phosphor LuAG:Ce3+ and red phosphor CaAlSiN3:Eu2+) with polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) powders were mixed to prepare film phosphors with tunable emission peak in photoluminescence spectrum by flat vulcanizing machine under the temperature of 170 oC and pressure of 2 MPa. The physical phase, surface morphology, transmittance, luminescence spectra of samples were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), Environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM), Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometry and Fluorescence spectrometer. The results show that the film phosphors phase was consistent with raw phosphors, phosphor particles were uniformly distributed, and fluorescence spectra with different proportions of phosphors in different position can be adjusted. Tested by HSP 3000 spectrum analyzer, the white LEDs fabricated by blue chip and composite film phosphor containing 5 wt% green phosphor and 1.5 wt.% red phosphor, which refers to the remote excitation technique, possessed color coordinate of (0.3715, 0.3280) and color rendering index (CRI) of 87 when it was driven at power of 36 V/140 mA, reaching the international advanced level.