Energetic Nature Research Articles

Elucidating maternal provisioning for bivalve larvae under ocean acidity extreme events

Ocean acidity extreme (OAX) events, triggered by climate change and anthropogenic activities, are projected to become more intense and frequent in coastal ecosystems, devastating marine bivalves and ecosystems they support. Maternal effects adaptively modulate offspring performance in response to climatic stressors, but whether and to what extent they can confer offspring resistance to OAX remain largely unknown. Here, we investigated impacts of OAX on the parental and larval lipidomes of Manila clams (Ruditapes philippinarum) to add further insights into the energetic nature of maternal effects. A total of 177 significantly down-regulated lipid components (categorized into glycerolipids mainly) were shown in OAX-stressed adults compared with those reared under ambient conditions, and following parental conditioning, larvae also exhibited a further decreasing down-regulation of the glycerolipid components. Triacylglycerols were identified as the predominant composition of glycerolipids and the primary sources of energy for gonadal maturation and larvae development. Yet, larvae spawn from adults exposed to OAX had significantly lower contents of triacylglycerols than those without a prior history of parental conditioning, with the carbon chain length and unsaturation degree of the triacylglycerol components being significantly affected. The latter was also in line with significant increases in the production of triacylglycerol byproducts (diacylglycerols). Overall, our findings suggest that when OAX prevailed during reproductive seasons of Manila clams, maternal effects could be maladaptive by depressing the energetic deposition of larvae, and may not be a potential adaptive modulator of marine bivalves to cope with unprecedented environmental change.

Optimized Nb‐Doped TiO2/rGO Nanocomposites for Assessment of Photovoltaic Performance With Metal‐Free Dye and Polymer Gel Electrolyte

AbstractThis research presents the development of niobium (Nb)‐doped titania (TiO2)/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanocomposites (NTR NCs) for dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The novelty lies in two aspects: introducing Nb (V) ions into TiO2/rGO nanocomposites via an in‐situ sol‐gel method with doping concentrations from 1.0 to 3.0 mol %, and fabricating photoanodes using the doctor blade technique, sensitized with a Co2+/Co3+‐based PEO‐PEG polymer gel electrolyte‐assisted D‐π‐A carbazole metal‐free (SK3) dye. Detailed investigations into the optoelectrical, structural, and morphological properties were conducted using various spectral and analytical tools. Notably, DSSCs based on Nb‐doped TiO2/rGO nanocomposites with 2.0 mol % Nb (NTR‐2) achieved a remarkable solar efficiency (η) of 5.48 % under AM 1.5 solar simulation, significantly outperforming devices based on bare TiO2 nanoparticles and undoped TiO2/rGO NCs by factors of 4.15 and 2.97, respectively. The substantial enhancement in photovoltaic performance is attributed to superior charge transfer properties and higher carrier density, as revealed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and Mott‐Schottky (M–S) analysis. Nb‐doping results in an energetic surface nature, improved optical absorption, and reduced charge transfer resistance, collectively boosting the overall efficiency of DSSCs. This work underscores the potential of Nb‐doped TiO2/rGO NCs as effective photoanode materials in enhancing DSSC performance.

A Thermodynamic Study on Information Power in Communication Systems.

Modern information theory pioneered by Shannon provides the mathematical foundation of information transmission and compression. However, the physical (and especially the energetic) nature of the information has been elusive. While the processing of information incurs inevitable energy dissipation, it is possible for communication systems to harness information to perform useful work. In this article, we prove that the thermodynamic cost (that is, the entropy production of the communication system) is at least equal to the information transmitted. Based on this result, a model of a communication heat engine is proposed, which can extract work from the heat bath by utilizing the transmission of information. The communication heat engine integrates the manipulation of both energy and information so that both information and power may be transmitted in parallel. The information transmission rate and the information power of the communication heat engine are derived from a pure thermodynamics argument. We find that the information power of the communication heat engine can be increased by increasing the number of communication channels, but the absolute energy efficiency of the heat engine first increases and then decreases after the number of channels of the system exceeds a threshold. The proposed model and definitions provide a new way to think of a classical communication system from a thermodynamic perspective.

The Conformation of Glycosidic Linkages According to Various Force Fields: Monte Carlo Modeling of Polysaccharides Based on Extrapolation of Short-Chain Properties.

The conformational features of the glycosidic linkage are the most important variable to consider when studying di-, oligo-, and polysaccharide molecules using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The accuracy of the theoretical model describing this degree of freedom influences the quality of the results obtained from MD calculations based on this model. This article focuses on the following two issues related to the conformation of the glycosidic linkage. First, we describe the results of a comparative analysis of the predictions of three carbohydrate-dedicated classical force fields for MD simulations, namely, CHARMM, GLYCAM, and GROMOS, in the context of different parameters of structural and energetic nature related to the conformation of selected types of glycosidic linkages, α(1 → 4), β(1 → 3), and β(1 → 4), connecting glucopyranose units. This analysis revealed several differences, mainly concerning the energy levels of the secondary and tertiary conformers and the linkage flexibility within the dominant exo-syn conformation for α(1 → 4) and β(1 → 3) linkages. Some aspects of the comparative analysis also included the newly developed, carbohydrate-dedicated Martini 3 coarse-grained force field. Second, to overcome the time-scale problem associated with sampling slow degrees of freedom in polysaccharide chains during MD simulations, we developed a coarse-grained (CG) model based on the data from MD simulations and designed for Monte Carlo modeling. This model (CG MC) is based on information from simulations of short saccharide chains, effectively sampled in atomistic MD simulations, and is capable of extrapolating local conformational properties to the case of polysaccharides of arbitrary length. The CG MC model has the potential to estimate the conformations of very long polysaccharide chains, taking into account the influence of secondary and tertiary conformations of glycosidic linkages. With respect to the comparative analysis of force fields, the application of CG MC modeling showed that relatively small differences in the predictions of individual force fields with respect to a single glycosidic linkage accumulate when considering their effect on the structure of longer chains, leading to drastically different predictions with respect to parameters describing the polymer conformation, such as the persistence length.

Reliable Temperature Measurement in Radiation-Intensive Environments

Radiation-resistant temperature sensors are vital for ensuring reliability in radiation-intensive environments, where the highly energetic and penetrating nature of radiation can significantly impact electronic devices and sensors. In such environments, like those near intense radiation sources or in challenging radiation-rich settings, such as space, gamma radiation can lead to erroneous measurements or equipment failures. Radiation-resistant sensors play a crucial role in maintaining measurement accuracy as they are designed to minimize interference caused by radiation, protecting electronic components and providing precise and reliable temperature readings. Their resilience to radiation-induced effects ensures data durability, reducing the need for frequent replacements, and enhancing the overall reliability of measurements in these demanding conditions. In this paper, we present and analyze two different configurations, aiming to address the challenges posed by radiation in sensitive environments. By exploring these novel approaches, we seek to enhance the robustness and accuracy of temperature sensors in radiation-intensive settings, enabling reliable data collection and facilitating successful operations in challenging radiation-rich conditions. The comparative analysis of these configurations will shed light on their performance and effectiveness in mitigating radiation-induced effects, thereby contributing to the advancement of radiation-resistant temperature sensing technologies.

Lexical and Grammatical Features of Direct Speech of the Trickster-Character in Fiction Discourse (Based on the Material of Neil Gaiman's Collection "Scandinavian Mythology")

The article is devoted to the analysis of lexical and grammatical features of direct speech of a trickster character in literary discourse. The material for the study was taken from Neil Gaiman's collection of short stories "Scandinavian Mythology". This article includes an analysis of previous studies with the aim of forming the theoretical basis for studying the direct speech of a trickster character, analysis of lexical and grammatical constructions used in the character's direct speech, consideration of the results obtained and drawing conclusions. The subject of the article is the lexical and grammatical features of the direct speech of the trickster character, Loki, being one of the main characters of Neil Gaiman's collection "Norse Mythology". The object of the article is the trickster character and his direct speech, in particular his lexical and grammatical features. Summarizing the analysis of lexical and grammatical features of the direct speech of the trickster character in Neil Gaiman's collection "Norse Mythology", we can determine that this character uses mainly neutral vocabulary in order to simplify communication and increase his influence on other characters. However, it is important to note that the linguistic characterization of a trickster is formed not only by vocabulary, but also by grammar, syntax, and morphology. In his direct speech, Loki uses simple sentences and narrative structures, and actively uses verbs to indicate dynamic actions. This makes his speech lively and expressive. This style of speech helps to emphasize the character's temper and role in a literary text, to create a unique image of the trickster that attracts the reader's attention and reflects his cheerful and energetic nature. In general, the lexical and grammatical features of the trickster character's speech play an important role in creating an artistic image and the dynamics of action in the text of the collection.

Grain structure predictions for metallic additive manufacturing processes

Additive manufacturing has transformed the way we think about component fabrication. Generating a geometry in a layer-by-layer fashion presents many advantages over traditional subtractive methods, but also presents many challenges pertaining to the highly localised and energetic nature of the heat source. Since the material passes through multiple heating and cooling cycles throughout the build, some of which completely melt and erase the microstructure, a dynamic simulation is necessary to determine the grain structure that emerges. Grains are generally, but not exclusively, highly textured with columnar grains commonly spanning multiple layers. Fast, efficient and parallelised envelope cellular automata based models are used to simulate the nucleation and growth of the individual crystals that comprise the grain structure, with trade-offs being made between intra-grain detail and computational efficiency so that meso-scale simulations are possible. Simplified, but physically sound thermal models are used to predict the thermal conditions at the melt pool periphery, which are weakly coupled to the grain growth model. Dendrite tip kinetics models are used to determine alloy specific growth laws as a function of local undercooling. The effect of various processing parameters on as-solidified grain size, morphology and texture are investigated for aluminium alloys 3D printed by laser powder bed fusion.

Surface water quality assessment by Random Forest

Abstract The energetic nature of these important water resources makes them the most vulnerable to contamination from additional waste from multiple sources. Water quality monitoring is critical to water environmental management, and successful monitoring provides direction and confirms the effectiveness of water management. Models based on artificial intelligence are fundamental for anticipating appropriate moderation measures for surface water quality. In any case, it remains a challenge and requires a requirement to improve display accuracy. Faster and cheaper control is required due to the real-world impact of low water quality. With this inspiration, this research examines an array of machine-learning calculations to estimate water quality. The proposed approach uses Random Forest for modeling and is also useful for predicting surface water quality in the Kulik geographic region of West Bengal, India. It is a good tool for assessing the quality and ensuring the safe use of drinking water. Various water quality parameters (iron, fluoride, total coliform, fecal coliform, pH, total dissolved solids, magnesium, alkalinity, chloride, total hardness, nitrate, calcium, and Escherichia coli) were measured seasonally (winter, summer, rain) over 10 years (2010–2019). The estimated water quality parameters in this study were total dissolved solids (TDS), pH, and iron.

Electron density and its reduced density gradient in the study of π–π interactions

Abstract interactions are unique dispersive interactions that are important for biological systems and materials, but the study of this interaction is not trivial. It is well‐known that density functional theory (DFT) does not describe these interactions correctly and only with empirical dispersion corrections, it produces accurate energies. Moreover, little is known about the error in the electron density (). Non‐Covalent Interaction method (NCI) has been used to analyze stacking from the electron density. However, for these interactions, the information that can be extracted with this method is quite limited. We compare the DFT and CCSD intermolecular . The correlation between both densities is close to one, but DFT underestimates its value. To evaluate, if the strength of the interaction can be qualitatively inferred from density related scalar fields, we study the correlation between these fields ( multiplied by the sign of the second eigenvalue of its hessian, , the laplacian of , , the virial field, , the Lagrangian, , and the Hamiltonian, , kinetic energy density) and the interaction energy. Surprisingly, all the scalar fields have a better correlation with the energy than . This quantity is normally plotted over the reduced density gradient (RDG) isosurface in the NCI method to get an insight of intermolecular interactions, but the other scalar fields give a better picture of the energetic nature of interactions. Moreover, we show that cannot be used as an indicator of repulsive interactions (positive values), because for the studied systems, the more energetic the interaction is, the more positive .

Steering Catalytic Selectivity with Atomically Dispersed Metal Electrocatalysts for Renewable Energy Conversion and Commodity Chemical Production.

Electrocatalysis is a key driver in promoting the paradigm shift from the current fossil-fuel-based hydrocarbon economy to a renewable-energy-driven hydrogen economy. The success of electrocatalysis hinges primarily on achieving high catalytic selectivity along with maximum activity and sustained longevity. Many electrochemical reactions proceed through multiple pathways, requiring highly selective catalysts.Atomically dispersed metal catalysts have emerged as a new frontier in heterogeneous catalysis. In addition to the widely perceived advantages of maximized active site utilization and substantially reduced metal content, they have shown different catalytic selectivities in some electrocatalytic reactions compared to the traditional nanoparticle (NP)-based catalysts. Although there have been significant advances in their synthesis, the highly energetic nature of a single atomic site has made the preparation of atomically dispersed metal catalysts rely on empiricism rather than rational design. Consequently, the structural comprehension of a single atomic site and the understanding of its unusual electrocatalytic selectivity remain largely elusive.In this Account, we describe our endeavors toward developing general synthetic approaches for atomically dispersed metal catalysts for the discovery of new selective and active electrocatalysts and to understand their catalytic nature. We introduce synthetic approaches to produce a wide range of nonprecious- and precious-metal-based atomically dispersed catalysts and control their coordination environments. Metallomacrocyclic-compound-driven top-down and metal salt/heteroatom layer-based bottom-up strategies, coupled with a SiO2-protective-layer-assisted method, have been developed that can effectively generate single atomic sites while mitigating the formation of metallic NPs. The low-temperature gas-phase ligand exchange method can reversibly tune the coordination structure of the atomically dispersed metal sites. We have used the prepared atomically dispersed metal catalysts as model systems to investigate their electrocatalytic reactivity for renewable energy conversion and commodity chemical production reactions, in which high selectivity is important. The reactions of our interest include the following: (i) the oxygen reduction reaction, where O2 is reduced to either H2O or H2O2 via the four-electron or two electron pathway, respectively; (ii) the CO2 reduction reaction, which should suppress the hydrogen evolution reaction; and (iii) the chlorine evolution reaction, which competes with the oxygen evolution reaction. The type of metal center to which the reactant is directly bound is found to be the most important in determining the selectivity, which originates from the dramatic changes in the binding energy of each metal center with the reactants. The coordination structure surrounding the metal center also has a significant effect on the selectivity; its control can modulate the oxidation state of the metal center, thereby altering the binding strength with the reactants.We envisage that future advances in the synthesis of atomically dispersed metal catalysts, combined with the growing power of computational, spectroscopic, and microscopic methods, will bring their synthesis to the level of rational design. Elaborately designed catalysts can overcome the current limits of catalytic selectivity, which will help establish the field of atomically dispersed metal catalysts as an important branch of catalysis.

Overview of the Heart’s Intelligence: A Dynamic Perspective Into the World of Energetic Wellness

Research over the last 30 years has begun to explore the intrinsic relationship between biology and quantum mechanics, leading to the new science of quantum biology. The convergence of these 2 seemingly disparate disciplines has revolutionized current thought on biophysiology and overall health and wellness. Important concepts covered in this review are the sensory and intuitive intelligence of the heart, the phenomenon of coherence, heart rate variability (HRV) and the creation of heart rhythms, the dynamic role of the autonomic nervous system (ANS), and the bidirectional communication network between the heart and the brain. Neurocardiology and psychoneurophysiology come into play, as well as electromagnetic fields (EMFs), biofield physiology, and quantum mechanics. This paper provides an overview of the heart as a physiological and sensory organ at the seat of innate intuitive intelligence. The energetic nature of the heart co-creates the ability to build resilience, and establishing emotional self-regulation is the basis for achieving systems-wide coherence and optimal states of wellbeing for people and those that surround them, both human and animal.

(Digital Presentation) Analysis of Thermal Runaway Propagation in Lithium-ion Battery Cells and Modules

Lithium-ion battery technology is a critical enabling technology to the advancement of electric propulsion transportation. Cost, Life, Performance, and Safety have been the main impediments for the application of batteries for use in Automotive and Aviation markets. Cost, life, and performance have been improving for the last decade.1 However, safety with respect to thermal runaway propensity continues to be a challenge for both automotive and especially aviation electric propulsion due to the energetic nature of the technology. Complete thermal runaway containment is required to obtain FAA certification for passenger safety for aviation applications. Consequently, an evaluation of the thermal runaway characteristics will be discussed.Thermal runaway propagation analysis at the cell and module level was performed on a suite of Samsung 30Q 18650 cylindrical cells. Measurements such as cell enthalpy, maximum thermal runaway temperature, and thermal runaway onset and initiation temperatures (shown in Figure 1 & 2) were collected and shown to be consistent by means of accelerated rate calorimetry (ARC). Results for ten 30Q cells are shown in Figure 3. This study showed, using the X-57 module billet as a thermal runaway propagation mitigation strategy, wherein the cell energy was successfully absorbed during a failure event in the module and prevented thermal runaway propagation from between cells.The results show the 30Q cell average maximum temperature is 375°C and the average initiation temperature is 195°C. The average mass lost was 33.1 grams. The stochastic nature of the results indicates the need to test a larger than normal sample to obtain a good statistical sample. These values become critical design points for the module containment strategy. Module level, cell to cell propagation tests will also be evaluated, showing the fulfillment of the module design strategy to eliminate cell to cell propagation. References courtesy of Bloomberg NEF 2021 Figure 1

LASER AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR CONTROLLING DYNAMIC DISPLACEMENTS SPATIAL STRUCTURES OF OBJECTS UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF ACTIVE MAN-MADE AND NATURAL RISK FACTORS FOR ACCIDENTS

At the present stage of science development, for technological and technogenic energy-intensive systems, systematic methods of identification of structure, dynamics, and risk assessment are developed, while for spatial objects this problem is not fully solved. This applies to the construction and operation of such objects with a spatially distributed structure such as bridges, large pavilions, high-rise buildings, aggregate lines on a common foundation for color printing, which are subject to a large dynamic, non-uniform load-capacity, operating over a long period of operation. Their destruction with the combined action of dynamic and static heterogeneous flow factors in time of high power, leads to the accidents and human losses. The main factor that leads to cognitive errors in the design of spatial structures is that experts in the design process do not fully take into account the concepts of physical force, power and physical energy factors with stream random structure. In this aspect, the problem of dynamic structural stability under the influence of factors with a stochastic structure drew attention to Y. P. Dragan, introducing the notion of "stochastic process of finite energy" and "finite power of flows (sequences) of active physical force actions". Under certain conditions, the complex action of force factors leads to the emergence of solitons, that is, the formation of the peak of energy and power at a certain time in the weakest node of the structure that destroys it. If the designer, by virtue of his cognitive abilities and level of knowledge, does not take into account the energetic nature of the factors as destructive forces, then this leads to the destruction of infrastructure objects (cities in Genoa, Italy 2015, built in 1967) devastating floods, fires, transport disasters, tsunami. As for the steel construction bridges in the USA (New York), built on the basis of the methods of vibration calculations by S. Tymoshenko, they are operated for more than 100 years, with appropriate technical service.
 The assessment of the vibrational stability of spatial structures, both existing and new projects, remains a complex control problem that is not resolved to the fullest, and therefore the development of integrated intellectual methods for designing and controlling their state is relevant
 The intensive development of infrastructure, both social and technogenic, results from the impact of transport flows, power plants, harmful emissions, to the growth of force environmental load on spatial structures, corrosion of metal components, and the growth of vibrational effects on elements of objects. Further development of such negative processes leads to a decrease in the strength of structures, their stability, operational reliability and destruction. Reducing the quality of bearing structures, due to neglected negative influences, makes it impossible to forecast the moment of emergency situations. Accordingly, the development of methods for remote control of vibrations of spatial elements of bearing structures is a main problem for various industries.

Virtual monoenergetic micro-CT imaging in mice with artificial intelligence

Micro cone-beam computed tomography (µCBCT) imaging is of utmost importance for carrying out extensive preclinical research in rodents. The imaging of animals is an essential step prior to preclinical precision irradiation, but also in the longitudinal assessment of treatment outcomes. However, imaging artifacts such as beam hardening will occur due to the low energetic nature of the X-ray imaging beam (i.e., 60 kVp). Beam hardening artifacts are especially difficult to resolve in a ‘pancake’ imaging geometry with stationary source and detector, where the animal is rotated around its sagittal axis, and the X-ray imaging beam crosses a wide range of thicknesses. In this study, a seven-layer U-Net based network architecture (vMonoCT) is adopted to predict virtual monoenergetic X-ray projections from polyenergetic X-ray projections. A Monte Carlo simulation model is developed to compose a training dataset of 1890 projection pairs. Here, a series of digital anthropomorphic mouse phantoms was derived from the reference DigiMouse phantom as simulation geometry. vMonoCT was trained on 1512 projection pairs (= 80%) and tested on 378 projection pairs (= 20%). The percentage error calculated for the test dataset was 1.7 ± 0.4%. Additionally, the vMonoCT model was evaluated on a retrospective projection dataset of five mice and one frozen cadaver. It was found that beam hardening artifacts were minimized after image reconstruction of the vMonoCT-corrected projections, and that anatomically incorrect gradient errors were corrected in the cranium up to 15%. Our results disclose the potential of Artificial Intelligence to enhance the µCBCT image quality in biomedical applications. vMonoCT is expected to contribute to the reproducibility of quantitative preclinical applications such as precision irradiations in X-ray cabinets, and to the evaluation of longitudinal imaging data in extensive preclinical studies.

Exploring the enzyme-catalyzed synthesis of isotope labeled cyclopropanes.

Cyclopropanes are commonly employed structural moieties in drug design since their incorporation is often associated with increased target affinity, improved metabolic stability, and increased rigidity to access bioactive conformations. Robust chemical cyclopropanation procedures have been developed which proceed with high yield and broad substrate scope, and have been applied to labeled substrates. Recently, engineered enzymes have been shown to perform cyclopropanations with remarkable diastereoselectivity and enantioselectivity, but this biocatalytic approach has not been applied to labeled substrates to date. In this study, the use of enzyme catalysis for the synthesis of labeled cyclopropanes was investigated. Two readily available enzymes, a modified CYP450 enzyme and a modified Aeropyrum pernix protoglobin, were investigated for the cyclopropanation of a variety of substituted styrenes. For this biocatalytic transformation, the enzymes required the use of ethyl diazoacetate. Due to the highly energetic nature of this molecule, alternatives were investigated. The final optimized cyclopropanation was successfully demonstrated using n‐hexyl diazoacetate, resulting in moderate to high enantiomeric excess. The optimized procedure was used to generate labeled cyclopropanes from 13C‐glycine, forming all four labeled stereoisomers of phosphodiesterase type‐IV inhibitor, MK0952. These reactions provide a convenient and effective biocatalytic route to stereoselective 13C‐labeled cyclopropanes and serve as a proof‐of‐concept for generating stereoselective labeled cyclopropanes.

Employing phase‐field descriptions of cohesive zone placements in cohesive fracture simulations

AbstractCohesive zone models suffer from the fundamental problem that potential crack paths must be determined beforehand. Phase‐field models for (brittle) fracture, that have recently become immensely popular, are able to naturally handle essentially arbitrary crack patterns. However, due to their energetic nature, phase‐field approaches have difficulties to predict, for example, crack nucleation in consequence of their lack of strength criteria which are naturally incorporated in the cohesive zone model. In this contribution, an alternative approach is presented that allows the embedding of established (cyclic) cohesive laws into phase‐field modeling. Our work is conceptually in line with the ideas proposed by Verhoosel and de Borst in 2013. Since this novel approach to cohesive fracture is still in its infancy, many open challenges remain, of which the following are addressed in this article: (i) A strict separation between the description of the cohesive zone and the cohesive law itself is realized, (ii) the interplay between the different physical length‐scales inherent to the formulation is carefully investigated in order to quantify the parameters introduced in the phase‐field description, and (iii) an alternative finite element treatment is proposed, implemented, and tested that avoids spurious solutions for unstructured meshes. In this context, fatigue crack growth is simulated as a quantitative benchmark problem relevant to engineering applications.

Activity of Ukrainian cultural and educational society “Kobzar” (city of Zagreb) in organization of life of diaspora in Croatia

The article examines the public life of Ukrainians in Zagreb (Croatia) using the example of the activities of the Zagreb cultural-educational Society “Kobzar”, which for 50 years has been the main center for organizing diaspora events in the capital of Croatia and beyond. Over the years of its existence, it has conducted and continues to perform different kind of activities, to carry out their mission better – unification and preservation of ukrainian community in the Balkans. The society was created in 1972 and was named Zagreb cultural and educational Society of ruthenians and ukrainians, and in 2012 it changed its name to the Ukrainian cultural and educational Society “Kobzar” of Zagreb. The analysis includes a number of materials from Slavko Burda's own archive, the current chairman of the Society, and an interview with him. The research also used reports and informational materials from diasporic periodicals, in particular from the magazines “Visnyk”, ”Nasha Gazeta”, “Nova Dumka” and others. Active public figures of the Ukrainian diaspora in Zagreb were published in the columns of this periodical: Slavko Burda, Serhiy Bura, K. Tlustenko, O. Filima, O. Maritynyuk and others. 50 years for a public organization is quite an important date to evaluate its activities. Over the years of its existence, UCES “Kobzar” withstood many difficult challenges, starting from organizational changes and ending with the military conditions in which it had to work in. Despite all the difficulties, the Society managed to regularly hold already traditional and start new cultural events. The Society often held such events together with other national (Ukrainian and not only) minorities of the Republic of Croatia. A large share of the Society’s success depended on the activities of its president/chairman. For the last 30 years, UCES “Kobzar”" was headed by Mr. Slavko Burda. Thanks to his energetic nature, and most importantly, his desire to popularize the Ukrainian language, culture, and spirituality, the Society implemented dozens of new projects. Thanks to people like Slavko Burda, Ukrainians abroad remain Ukrainians, and the Ukrainian State has reliable defenders of its interests in the world in them.

Intergranular precipitation-enhanced wetting and phase transformation in an Al0.4CoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy exposed to lead-bismuth eutectic

After exposure to oxygen-poor (10−13–10−14 wt%) liquid lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) at 500 °C for 500 h, LBE penetrates more than one order of magnitude deeper in an FCC Al0.4CoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy (HEA) decorated with a network of BCC (Ni, Al)-rich intergranular (IG) precipitates than in a single-phase, FCC Al0.3CoCrFeNi HEA without the IG precipitate network. This deterioration of corrosion resistance is attributed to the energetic nature of the BCC/FCC interphase boundaries (IBs) and resultant IB wetting. The LBE ingress film selectively leaches nickel located at those low-indexed crystalline planes, resulting in phase transformation from FCC to BCC structure.

Menggelorakan makna energik sebagai brandscape erigo melalui iklan fireflies

Local brands in Indonesia today are growing and competitive and in this competition, various appropriate marketing communication strategies are needed, where this is needed to build attention from potential consumers. One of the local brands from Indonesia is Erigo, a company that has recently been discussed by internet users because one of its marketing strategies is to place advertisements in Time Square, New York. Advertising is one of the digital marketing strategies that serves to attract the attention of potential consumers through information on products and services offered to stick in the minds of consumers. Through a qualitative approach with an interpretive paradigm using Laura R. Oswald's marketing semiotics method, it was found that through the short advertisement "Fireflies", Erigo wanted to show the target audience and their target market, young people or millennials, to have enthusiasm, motivation and belief. high self-esteem in exploring their curiosity, one of which can be done by real action from their energetic nature. This energetic nature becomes an ideology (cultural categories) that Erigo wants to convey to its target market, which are young people who aim to convey an invitation to dare to explore new things to find hope and identity related to exploratory (cultural tensions). Exploratory is meant here is a sense of freedom (emotional territories) where this is necessary for them to inflame the energetic they have.

High resolution biologging of breaching by the world\u2019s second largest shark species

Basking sharks, the world’s second largest fish, are endangered globally following two centuries of large-scale exploitation for their oily livers. In the northeast Atlantic, they seasonally gather in key sites, including the western Scottish Isles, where they feed on plankton, but their breeding grounds are currently completely unknown. Using high-resolution three-axis accelerometry and depth logging, we present the first direct records of breaching by basking sharks over 41 days. We show that basking sharks breach both during the night and day, starting at approximately 20 m depth and can breach multiple times in short succession. We also present early evidence of potential lateralisation in basking sharks. Given the energetic nature of breaching, it should have an important biological function, but this remains unclear.