Isoliquiritigenin suppresses ER stress-driven epithelial apoptosis to preserve barrier integrity in colitis.

Advances in endoplasmic reticulum stress response in immune-associated skin diseases: Mini-review.

Chrysin as a therapeutic adjunct to prevent isoniazid-induced nephrotoxicity in rats: Biochemical, molecular, and histopathological evidence.

Potential modulation of ED-71 in regulating H3K18 histone lactylation to suppress osteoclast differentiation and alleviate postmenopausal osteoporosis.

UROXIL attenuates cyclophosphamide-induced nephrotoxicity in rats by suppressing oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, inflammation, and mitochondrial apoptosis.

Transcriptomic reprogramming of the medial amygdala in chronic stress: Implications of ER proteostasis and neuropeptide signaling for anxiety-like behaviors.

β-mangostin triggers ER stress-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction to induce apoptosis in colorectal cancer.

Arylacetamide deacetylase attenuates hepatic lipid accumulation under ER stress conditions by regulating iron-dependent oxidative stress.

The neuroprotective role of eugenol against glyphosate-induced toxicity in rats: Modulation of oxidative stress, inflammation, ER stress and apoptotic signaling pathways.

Expanding insect cell models for arboviruses: comparing the chikungunya virus replication and cellular host response in Spodoptera frugiperda Sf9 and Aedes albopictus C6/36 cells.

Cepharanthine triggers immunogenic cell death in solid tumors by suppressing protein kinase C zeta-mediated poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 expression and synergizes with immunotherapy.

Cadmium-induced hepatotoxicity: Interconnecting molecular and cellular pathways.

Emerging role of organelles in cell migration.

MicroRNA-200a as a therapeutic agent for acute and chronic liver pathologies and regeneration.

The neuroprotective role of coenzyme Q10 against endoplasmic reticulum stress in the olfactory bulb caused by 5 G electromagnetic field exposure.

Blebbisomes: Redefining the extracellular vesicles landscape through organelle-rich extracellular entities.

Sulfated galactan (SG) isolated from Gracilaria fisheri has demonstrated promise for cancer therapy and prevention through inhibition of cancer cell proliferation and migration. However, its structure‑activity relationship remains to be elucidated. The present study evaluated the microstructural characteristics and anticancer activity, particularly immunogenic cell death (ICD)‑inducing potential, of SG and its degraded derivative (DSG) in triple‑negative breast cancer cells. SG and DSG were prepared and structurally characterized using gel permeation chromatography, nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier‑transform infrared and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy‑dispersive X‑ray spectroscopy. ICD induction was assessed in human MDA‑MB‑231 breast cancer cells using an MTT assay, phase‑contrast microscopy, Hoechst/propidium iodide dual staining, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation assay, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In addition, western blot analysis, immunofluorescence staining, and reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR were performed. Structural analyses revealed that SG and DSG share similar backbone structures but differ markedly in sulfate content and molecular weight. Both compounds were non‑toxic to normal breast epithelial MCF‑10A cells and exhibited mild cytotoxicity toward MDA‑MB‑231 cells. DSG treatment induced notable morphological changes in cancer cells, with reduced cell numbers, increased membrane permeability and elevated intracellular ROS levels. TEM revealed DSG‑induced ultrastructural changes consistent with cellular stress and cytotoxicity. DSG also markedly upregulated ICD‑associated proteins [calreticulin (CRT) and Fas receptor (Fas‑R)] and endoplasmic reticulum stress‑related genes (protein kinase RNA‑like endoplasmic reticulum kinase, inositol‑requiring enzyme 1, activating transcription factor (ATF)6, ATF4, eukaryotic initiation factor 2 α subunit, CRT and Fas‑R), with effects similar to the positive control doxorubicin. Therefore, these findings indicated that DSG enhances ICD in triple‑negative breast cancer cells and may potentially serve as a promising ICD‑inducing adjuvant for cancer immunotherapy.

Steroid-Resistant Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome Reveals a Distinct Maladaptive Molecular State.

The cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase MdCKX4 regulates drought tolerance in Malus domestica.

Advanced oxidation protein products exacerbate osteoarthritis progression by disrupting stress granules assembly via endoplasmic reticulum stress.