Frequency Of Encounters Research Articles

Preschool Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Telephone Medication Management at Developmental-Behavioral Pediatric Network Sites.

To understand developmental-behavioral pediatricians' (DBPs') use of clinic versus telephone encounters for preschool attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) medication management. Understanding use of telephone encounters for pharmacologic management of ADHD in preschoolers may inform care for children with ADHD. DBP investigators within Developmental Behavioral Pediatrics Research Network abstracted data from medical records of 503 children aged younger than 72 months treated for ADHD with medication by a DBP clinician between January 1, 2013, and July 1, 2017, across 7 sites. We abstracted data about medication treatment episodes (defined as start and end/change of a specific type, dose, and frequency of ADHD medication) and encounter type (clinic vs telephone). We present descriptive statistics related to encounter types and χ2 analyses to compare frequencies across reasons for the end of treatment episode and across sites. The study included 503 participants with a total of 1734 treatment episodes. The initial medication was started via a clinic encounter 85.9% of the time and via telephone encounters 14.1% of the time. When evaluating reasons for end of treatment episode, decreases in dose/frequency of medication were less common for clinic versus telephone encounters (27% vs 73%; p < 0.001) and adding an additional medication was more common at clinic versus telephone encounters (64% vs 36% p < 0.001). Sites varied significantly in frequency of telephone encounters, ranging from 16.9% to 68.9% (mean 45.7%). Telephone encounters were used for pharmacologic management of ADHD in preschoolers to varying degrees across 7 DBP sites. These findings suggest that telephone management serves an important role in ADHD care.

Proximity between humans and a highly medically significant snake, Russell's viper, in a tropical rural community.

Snakebite envenoming is a major neglected tropical health issue. The high incidence of snakebites in tropical rural communities suggests that venomous snakes and people are often in proximity but quantitative evidence is lacking. I used radio-telemetry on a population of Russell's vipers (Daboia russelii), one of the most medically important snakes in the world, to quantify proximity between this venomous snake and people and estimate susceptibility to snakebite envenoming in India. I observed people ≤50m of a radio-equipped viper in ~17% of 2,066 snake relocations. People were more frequently observed in proximity to Russell's vipers in January and July compared to March, but all other contrasts were statistically similar. This pattern indicates that snakebite incidence, which peaks in summer in the study area, is not particularly linked to the encounter frequency between people and vipers. However, consistent with epidemiological data plantation workers were the most at-risk part of the population. By integrating information about the locations of humans and snakes in space and time, this pioneering research highlights the need to include snake ecology into the study of the human-venomous-snake conflict, and provides a model approach to help mitigate the burden caused by venomous snakes in the rural Tropics.

Assessing sexual dysfunction among stroke survivors and barriers to address this issue by physicians at a Latin American reference hospital

BackgroundSexual dysfunction affects at least one half of patients after a stroke. Problems related to sexual function are rarely assessed or addressed by physicians. ObjectiveTo determine the frequency and factors associated with sexual dysfunction among stroke survivors and self-reported barriers of physicians to discuss sexual dysfunction during regular consultation. MethodsWe administered a questionnaire to a cross-sectional sample of stroke survivors to assess the frequency and factors associated with sexual dysfunction and the aspects of sexuality most commonly affected by stroke in a reference hospital in Peru. A qualitative approach was used to determine the willingness to address sexual issues and related barriers among neurology physicians participating in the study. ResultsAmong 150 patients, sexual dysfunction was identified in 89 (59%). Only 10% self-reported their sexual function as optimal. Markedly decreased frequency of sexual encounters (49%) and markedly decreased sexual desire (33%) were the aspects of sexual function most commonly reported by patients after a stroke. Fear of having a new stroke [OR:3.2, 95% CI (1.5–6.3)], depression [OR:2.1, 95% CI (1.0–4.3)], and self-perception of having impaired motor function [OR:2.5, 95% CI (1.2–5.0)] were significantly associated with sexual dysfunction. In the qualitative assessment of physicians (N = 15), when asked how often they addressed sexual aspects during regular consultation with a stroke survivor, none answered “very often”, and only 8 (51%) answered “sometimes”. At the end of the study, 10 (66%) physicians verbalized the perception that addressing this issue encouraged their patents to be more open to personal concerns and prompted a stronger doctor-patient relationship. ConclusionSexual dysfunction affected more than a half of stroke survivors, and was significantly associated with depression, fear of having a new stroke, and with the self-perception of impaired motor function. Addressing sexual issues during the regular consult by physicians was infrequent. Barriers reported by physicians included limited time during regular consultation and the belief that this issue should be addressed under the scope of other specialties.

Interspecific Encounters Among Diurnal Primates in Danum Valley, Borneo

Polyspecific associations, in which individuals of multiple species move together, have not been reported in Asian primates. However, only one study in India has shown this lack of association quantitatively. We collected data on interspecific encounters among 5 species of diurnal primates in Danum Valley by censusing 4 predetermined routes of 9.9 km, covering 1544.3 km, and tracking red leaf monkeys (Presbytis rubicunda) for 423 h over 25 mo. We tested the null hypothesis that the frequency and duration of encounters did not differ from chance levels. During censuses, we detected primates 373 times and found 2 species on the same 100-m segment only 6 times. This frequency was not significantly different from the chance level. While following red leaf monkeys, the frequency of encounters was lower than expected by chance with Müeller’s gibbons (Hylobates muelleri) but higher than expected by chance with Bornean orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus) in the nonfruiting season. Interspecific encounters accounted for 6.4% of tracking time, and the encounter duration was significantly longer than expected by chance for orangutans. Red leaf monkeys did not change their rate or direction of travel on meeting another species. We could not distinguish the association between red leaf monkeys and orangutans in the nonfruiting season from the possibility that the two species were independently attracted to the same place. In conclusion, we show the absence of active and consistent polyspecific association and identify avoidance in some species pairs in an Asian primate community.

Operation of Ride Control Systems to Minimise Slamming of Wave-Piercing Catamarans

Wave slam produces dynamic loads on the centre bow of wave piercing catamarans that are related to the relative vertical motion of the bow to the encountered wave surface. Rapid slam forces arise when the arch sections between centre bow and main hulls fill with rising water. In this paper time domain solutions for high speed ship motion in waves, including the action of active motion controls, are used to compute the slam forces. Slamming occurs at specific immersions of the bow whilst the peak slam force is characterised by the maximum relative vertical velocity of the bow during bow entry. Vertical motions of bow and encountered wave are in antiphase at encounter frequencies where slamming is most severe. The range of encounter frequencies where slamming occurs increases with wave height. Wave slam loads reduce ship motions, the heave motion being most reduced. Deployment of a fixed, inactive T-foil can reduce slamming loads by up to 65 %. With active controls peak slamming loads on the bow can be reduced by up to 73% and 79% in 4 m and 3 m seas, local control feedback being marginally the most effective mode of control for reduction of slamming.

Limitations on the role of frequency in L2 acquisition

abstractIn the context of theories of statistical learning, frequency of encounter is viewed as a major driving force in L2 acquisition. The present paper challenges this position with respect to core components at the level of language competence which relate to language-specific patterns in cognitive construal. Empirical evidence from very advanced L2 speakers (L1 French, L2 English and L2 German) shows that forms and constructions which are highly frequent in the target languages in the expression of motion events are not used in a target-like form by L2 speakers. The study shows how the basis for language use which is not target-like lies at the level of event construal: conceptual frames, which are language-specific and are deeply anchored in the course of L1 acquisition, drive allocation of attention and the extraction of forms in L2 acquisition. Findings in the domain of spatial cognition show that motion event frames based on the L1 take precedence over frequency of occurrence of forms in the target language as a factor in L2 use.

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COVID-19 Exposure Tracking Within Public Health & Safety Enterprises: Findings to Date & Opportunity for Further Research.

We aggregated data from four (4) different EMS documentation systems across twelve (12) states using the MEDIVIEW BEACON Prehospital Health Information Exchange. We then outputted lists of charts containing critical ICD-10 values that had been identified by the WHO, the CDC, and the Los Angeles County Fire Deptartment's EMS Bureau as inclusion criteria for possible signs, symptoms, and clinical impressions of COVID-19 infection. Three important results emerged from this study: (1) a demonstration of frequent exposure to possible COVID-19 infection among Mobile Medical (EMS & Fire) care providers in the states whose data were included; (2) a demonstration of the nervousness of the general population, given that calls for help due to possible COVID-19 based on symptomology exceeded the number of responses with a correlating "provider impression" after an informed clinical assessment; and (3) the fact that this study was empowered by a public-private partnerships between a technology startup and numerous public health and public safety agencies, offers a template for success in rapidly implementing research and development collaborations. This study incorporates data from only (a) twelve (12) states, and (b) four (4) Mobile Medical documentation systems. We sought to combat these limitations by ensuring that our sample crosses agencies types, geographies, population demographics, and municipal environments (i.e., rural vs. urban). Other studies have noted that EMS agencies are tasked with transporting the "sickest of the sick." We found that PPE is particularly essential where the frequency of encounters between potentially-or actually-infected patients is high, because from Los Angeles County to rural Texas, without sufficient protection, public health and public safety agencies have become microcosms of the communities they are meant to protect. Indeed, data from the first six months of the declared pandemic in the U.S.A. show that intra-departmental spread is one of (if not the) riskiest sources of infection among Mobile Medical professionals.

Qualitative assessment of the impacts of marine debris on Mississippi commercial shrimping

Commercial fishing is a fragile industry that is exposed to a multitude of stressors. Marine debris is known to be one of these stressors; however, the prevalence and impact is rarely assessed. Therefore, this analysis assessed the perceived encounter frequency and impacts of marine debris on commercial fishing through an end-of-the year survey of registered Mississippi commercial shrimpers. Ninety-eight percent (98%) of shrimpers indicated they encountered marine debris in 2018 with 85% encountering it frequently. The most common debris reported to be encountered was abandoned or derelict fishing gear (93% of shrimpers), primarily crab traps. Most shrimpers reported reduced catch (80%), lost fishing time (82%), and vessel repairs (75%) due to marine debris. Additionally, 93% of shrimpers categorized marine debris as destructive to their operations. These results indicate that marine debris does have significant direct impacts on the commercial shrimping industry in Mississippi and likely other regions.

Study on the characteristics of trimaran seakeeping performance at various speeds

Based on open-source CFD tool OpenFOAM and the hybrid-method solver qaleFoam, the numerical study about the effect of sailing speed on the motion of trimaran in waves of various headings is carried out. The wave heading ranges from head waves to stern waves, and three sailing speed of trimaran are chosen for simulation. The grid independence test is carried out first, and the computed results are compared with experimental results. Then, the numerical method is used to simulate the trimaran’s motion in waves of different parameters. It could be seen that the influence of the sailing speed on the added resistance is more significant than that on motion, especially in head wave and oblique head wave. In beam wave, the effect of sailing speed on the trimaran's motion is not noticeable, but the larger speed could reduce the added resistance. In the stern wave of low encounter frequency, the low sailing speed will reduce the added resistance and pitch.

Abstract P203: Assessing Sexual Dysfunction Among Stroke Survivors and Barriers to Address This Issue by Healthcare Providers at a Latin American Reference Hospital

Background: Sexual dysfunction affects at least one half of patients after a stroke. Problems related to sexual function are rarely assessed or addressed by physicians. Objective: To determine the frequency and factors associated with sexual dysfunction among stroke survivors and self-reported barriers of physicians to discuss sexual dysfunction during regular consultation. Methods: We administered a questionnaire to a cross-sectional sample of stroke survivors to assess the frequency and factors associated with sexual dysfunction and the aspects of sexuality most commonly affected by stroke. A qualitative approach was used to determine the willingness to address sexual issues and related barriers among physicians participating in the study. Results: Among 150 patients, sexual dysfunction was identified in 89 (59%). Only 10% self-reported their sexual function as optimal. Markedly decreased frequency of sexual encounters (49%) and markedly decreased sexual desire (33%) were the aspects of sexual function most commonly reported by patients after a stroke. Fear of having a new stroke [OR:3.2, 95% CI (1.5 – 6.3)], depression [OR:2.1, 95% CI (1.0– 4.3)], and self-perception of having impaired motor function [OR:2.5, 95% CI (1.2 – 5.0)] were significantly associated with sexual dysfunction. In the qualitative assessment of physicians (N= 15), when asked how often they addressed sexual aspects during regular consultation with a stroke survivor, none answered “very often”, and only 8 (51%) answered “sometimes”. At the end of the study, 10 (66%) physicians verbalized the perception that addressing this issue encouraged their patents to be more open to personal concerns and prompted a stronger doctor-patient relationship. Conclusion: Sexual dysfunction affected more than a half of stroke survivors, and was significantly associated with depression, fear of having a new stroke, and with the self-perception of impaired motor function. Addressing sexual issues during the regular consult by physicians was infrequent. Barriers reported by physicians included limited time during regular consultation and the belief that this issue should be addressed under the scope of other specialties.

Anesthesia for children with complete trisomy 18 (Edwards syndrome): A cohort review of 84 anesthesia encounters in nine patients.

Trisomy 18 or Edwards syndrome is the second most common aneuploidy with a prevalence between 1/3000 and 1/10000 live births. The syndrome encompasses malformations of the central nervous, cardiac, respiratory, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary systems. Trisomy 18 carries a poor prognosis with 90% of patients not surviving beyond 1year of age; however, the current trend toward more aggressive supportive care may prolong survival. The limited anesthesia literature highlights the abnormal airway anatomy but generally describes uneventful airway management and perioperative course. Our goal was to review all anesthesia encounters recorded for eleven trisomy 18 patients treated at Children's Wisconsin during the study period to explore the frequency of anesthesia encounters and to improve our understanding of the perioperative risks. We performed a retrospective chart review of all patients with trisomy 18 who were treated at our institution between 2012 and 2017. Records were screened for anesthesia encounters, perioperative critical events and complications, enrollment in palliative care, code status, and time of death. Eleven children were identified. Children were born between 2001 and 2016. Two children never required anesthesia care. Nine patients had a total of 84 anesthesia encounters for 121 surgical or diagnostic procedures or emergent intubations. Critical events and perioperative complications included difficult mask ventilation (n=7), difficult intubation (n=15), and mechanical or pharmacological cardiopulmonary resuscitation (n=6). Five patients presented with difficult peripheral intravenous access. One patient died in the immediate postoperative period. On five occasions, patients required emergent intubation outside of the operating room. Difficult airway management and respiratory compromise were critical concerns during the perioperative period in our patient population, and the inability to ventilate could lead to cardiorespiratory arrest. This case series provides a comprehensive, longitudinal view of complete trisomy 18 patients in the perioperative period and adds information for counseling families and care providers.

Youth suicide in the school context

Across the domains of youth risk behavior, suicidality is a significant concern for parents and professionals alike, requiring ongoing efforts to better understand and prevent rising trends. Recent examinations of suicidal behaviors in the United States over the last decade revealed an increase in emergency and inpatient hospital settings. Of importance, seasonal variations were demonstrated, finding the lowest frequency of suicidality encounters in summer months, and observed peaks in the fall and spring, during the school year. Given these findings and the fact that youth spend nearly half of their time at school, consideration of youth suicide in the school environment is critical. This paper will review the trends of youth suicide within the school context, exploring factors such as at-risk youth, bullying, relevant legal issues, and the current state of crisis response in school settings. Recommendations for prevention, intervention, and postvention will be provided. The authors propose that school professionals play a vital role in addressing youth suicide and will aim to provide guidance on effective crisis response within the school context.

Social work and telehealth: How Patient Aligned Care Team (PACT) social workers in the Veterans Health Administration responded to COVID-19

ABSTRACT In March 2020, the Veterans Health Administration (VA) responded to pandemic shutdowns with a rapid pivot toward providing services via telehealth. Using data on Veterans who received interventions from social workers between 2019 and 2020 at sites that participated in a national program to increase social work staffing in primary care, we examined changes in frequency and modality of social work encounters that occurred with the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. We found that primary care social workers maintained a consistent level of engagement, with increases in telephone and video telehealth encounters as in-person visits decreased. Through front-line perspectives, we discuss the practical innovations and policies that enabled those changes in care from VA primary care social workers.

782 Difference in ultrasound unit volume between birthweight and ultrasound derived definitions of fetal growth restriction

Recent guidelines recommend the use Hadlock rather than birth weight derived percentiles for diagnosis of fetal growth restriction (FGR). The objective of this study is to quantify the impact of changing from a birth weight (Williams et al.) to an ultrasound based (Hadlock et al.) percentile classification of FGR on ultrasound unit volume. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of all singleton pregnancies that presented for ultrasound ≥22 weeks’ gestation pre- and post an institutional change of FGR classification system from Williams et al. to Hadlock et al. between 2018-2020. Pregnancies with an estimated fetal weight <10% by either classification system were included in the analysis. The primary outcomes were the frequency of patient encounters, follow up examinations, biophysical profiles (BPP) ≥28 weeks, and umbilical artery (UA) Doppler assessments. Secondary outcomes were gestational age (GA) at delivery and rates of cesarean delivery, 5-minute Apgar <7, and fetal death between study years. 550 women met inclusion criteria over the study period. FGR diagnosis was discordant (FGR by Hadlock, but not Williams) in 77.6% of cases at diagnosis and in 46.9% at the last ultrasound before delivery. The median GA at FGR diagnosis was significantly earlier using Hadlock (31.9 vs 36.0 weeks; p<.001). Significant increases in the median number of encounters, BPP, UA Doppler, and total billed procedure codes were calculated between study years; Table 1. Fetal death was decreased (6.0% vs 2.1%; p=.043), but FGR diagnosis was discordant in only 4/15 cases that resulted in fetal death. No differences in GA at delivery, cesarean delivery and Apgar <7 at 5 minutes were identified between study years. Use of Hadlock results in increased rates of FGR and diagnosis at an earlier gestational age when compared to birth weight derived percentiles. This leads to a significant increase in overall ultrasound unit volume including use of UA Doppler surveillance.

Outpatient health care utilization for sleep disorders in the Cerner Health Facts database.

Sleep disorders are common in the general population. This study aimed to identify direct health care utilization for sleep disorders using big data through the Cerner Health Facts database. The Cerner Health Facts database has 68.7 million patients in the data warehouse, documenting approximately 506.9 million encounters from 100 nonaffiliated health care systems. To identify sleep-related health care utilization, we examined the frequency of outpatient encounters related to sleep disorders between the years 2000 and 2017. Sleep disorders were grouped-based on the International Classification of Sleep Disorders-Third Edition. Approximately 20.5 million patients were identified with a total of 127.4 million outpatient encounters. In pediatric patients (ages 0-18 years), health care utilization for major sleep diagnoses was measured per 100,000 encounters. Sleep-related breathing disorders ranked first among common sleep disorders for pediatric patients followed by parasomnia, insomnia, sleep movement disorders, hypersomnolence, then circadian rhythm disorders (820.1, 258.1, 181.6, 68.3, 48.1, and 16.2 per 100,000 encounters, respectively). However, in adult patients, the ranking was slightly different, with sleep-related breathing disorders ranked first, followed by insomnia, sleep-related movement disorders, hypersomnolence, parasomnia, then circadian rhythm disorders (1352.6, 511.6, 166.3, 79.1, 25.7, and 4.2 per 100,000 encounters, respectively). In general, there was a bimodal pattern with a clear dip in sleep-related health care utilization in young adults age (age 19-29 years), with the exception of insomnia. Patients with sleep disorders show relatively low health care utilization despite a known high prevalence of sleep disorders in the general population. This finding may highlight under-recognition of sleep problems or decreased access to health care for sleep disorders. In addition, this study highlights the effect of age-based variation on different sleep disorders, which may have an impact on allocating resources.

Model scale prediction of seakeeping and global bending moment on a high speed craft

Estimating the forces acting on a high speed craft for structural assessment purposes is challenging due to the complex combination of hydrodynamic loads. These include wave pressures, slamming pressures and their load effects at a global ‘hull girder’ level. An experimental approach to validate the use of established strip theory methods for predicting the hydrodynamic wave pressure loads is presented here. A series of regular wave seakeeping tests on a small scale segmented hull model of a high speed craft were completed and compared to equivalent seakeeping calculations. Experiments were conducted with a 1:13.5 scale hull model of a 17-metre all weather lifeboat, which is typical of a high speed watercraft capable of operating in severe weather at exposed locations. The model is segmented into four sections, rigidly held together by an instrumented backbone beam which can measure shear force and bending moments at the segmentation points. The model was tested over a full range of operating speeds and wave encounter frequencies. Results are compared with two strip theory calculations, the first using a zero speed Green function and the second using a Rankine source method with a forward speed correction term. It is shown that the Green function strip theory provides better correlation at lower speeds (up to a Froude number of 0.4) and the Rankine source method is more appropriate at higher speeds. The experiments generally show good equivalence to calculations and demonstrate that strip theory gives reasonable predictions of the global bending moment assuming linearity with the wave height. Equivalently, this suggests that strip theory is an appropriate method to predict the hydrodynamic wave induced load component in displacement and semi-planing regimes. This unlocks the potential for strip theory to be used as part of a complete assessment of the seakeeping loads on a high speed craft by combining the wave induced loads with the other significant load components, which include the local hydrodynamic wave pressures and the transient loads caused by slamming impacts. This may be applied as part of an analysis to determine a craft’s safe operating envelope or for interpreting component loads within full scale trial data.

Evaluating species-specific responses to camera-trap survey designs

Camera traps are widely used to collect information on the distribution and abundance of multiple species simultaneously. However, we still lack important guidance for designing camera-trap surveys to monitor multiple species, and the consequences of species-specific responses to survey design strategies are often overlooked. Using camera-trap data collected on ten medium-to-large North-American carnivores in northern Minnesota, USA, between 2016 and 2018 (23 337 active trap-days), we evaluated: 1) two different survey-design frameworks (random- versus road-based), 2) two different lure types (salmon oil versus fatty acid scent oil), 3) two different placement strategies (completely random versus randomly-selected sites with feature-based placement), 4) survey timing (spring versus fall) and 5) temporal trends in daily encounter probabilities. Using generalized linear mixed models, we found evidence of differential responses to all of these design strategies. For 9 out of 10 species, we found strong responses to survey design frameworks: red foxes Vulpes vulpes, coyotes Canis latrans, bobcats, Lynx rufus, striped skunks Mephitis mephitis, wolves C. lupus and gray foxes Urocyon cinereoargenteus, had estimated encounter frequencies that were 9- to 106-fold higher at unlured sites along secondary roads; black bears Ursus americanus, martens Martes americana and fishers Pekania pennanti had estimated encounter frequencies that were 15- to > 3600-fold higher at lured, randomly selected sites. For six species, salmon oil provided 2- to 4-fold more encounters than fatty acid scent oil, but feature-basedplacement only improved detections of fishers. Daily encounter probabilities differed between spring and fall for all species, and usually decreased slightly within each sampling period Our study confirms that even similar-sized or closely-related species respond differently to survey-design choices. To maximize encounter frequencies, we recommend that multi-species camera-trap studies use a mix of survey-design strategies and include these design features during statistical analysis.

Factors associated with waiting time to breast cancer diagnosis among symptomatic breast cancer patients: a population-based study from Ontario, Canada.

A prolonged time from first presentation to cancer diagnosis has been associated with worse disease-related outcomes. This study evaluated potential determinants of a long diagnostic interval among symptomatic breast cancer patients. This was a population-based, cross-sectional study of symptomatic breast cancer patients diagnosed in Ontario, Canada from 2007 to 2015 using administrative health data. The diagnostic interval was defined as the time from the earliest breast cancer-related healthcare encounter before diagnosis to the diagnosis date. Potential determinants of the diagnostic interval included patient, disease and usual healthcare utilization characteristics. We used multivariable quantile regression to evaluate their relationship with the diagnostic interval. We also examined differences in diagnostic interval by the frequency of encounters within the interval. Among 45,967 symptomatic breast cancer patients, the median diagnostic interval was 41days (interquartile range 20-92). Longer diagnostic intervals were observed in younger patients, patients with higher burden of comorbid disease, recent immigrants to Canada, and patients with higher healthcare utilization prior to their diagnostic interval. Shorter intervals were observed in patients residing in long-term care facilities, patients with late stage disease, and patients who initially presented in an emergency department. Longer diagnostic intervals were characterized by an increased number of physician visits and breast procedures. The identification of groups at risk of longer diagnostic intervals provides direction for future research aimed at better understanding and improving breast cancer diagnostic pathways. Ensuring that all women receive a timely breast cancer diagnosis could improve breast cancer outcomes.

To What Extent Does the Involvement Load Hypothesis Predict Incidental L2 Vocabulary Learning? A Meta‐Analysis

AbstractThe involvement load hypothesis (ILH) was designed to predict the effectiveness of instructional tasks for incidental L2 vocabulary learning. In this meta‐analysis we examined 398 effect sizes from 42 empirical studies (N = 4,628) to explore (a) the overall predictive ability of the ILH, (b) the relative effects of different components of the ILH (need, search, and evaluation), and (c) the influence of potential factors moderating learning (e.g., time on task, frequency of encounters or use, and test format). Results showed that the ILH was significantly predictive of learning and explained 15.0% and 5.1% of the variance in effect sizes on immediate and delayed posttests, respectively. We found that the evaluation component contributed to the greatest amount of learning, followed by need, whereas search did not contribute to learning. Moderator analyses revealed that (a) test format and frequency moderated learning gains and (b) involvement load had a greater impact on learning than time on task.