Empty Heads Research Articles

No-Reversal Constraint and beyond

Abstract This study investigates various un(der)studied word-internal language mixing patterns among Turkish, Anatolian Arabic and Northern Kurdish, in the context of both verbal and nominal domains. The examination of these patterns reveals various theoretical implications. First, head-directionality may change as a result of language contact. Second, in some instances, certain functional categories are borrowed as semantically vacuous heads, and are identical to their bare counterparts (cf. Marantz 2013; Anagnostopoulou and Samioti 2014). Therefore, such semantically empty heads are ignored for meaning. Moreover, informed by the rarely-discussed trilingual language-mixing contexts, the study demonstrates that various formal approaches to code-switching which rely on either a distinction between functional vs lexical categories or phasehood as the defining constraint on code-switching are not tenable (e.g., Poplack 1981; Belazi et al. 1994; López et al. 2017). This study demonstrates language mixing is more permissive for the languages in question than would be predicted by these approaches, and proposes the No-Reversal Constraint, whose governing restriction is that code-switching does not allow a switch back to a language that has already been externalized earlier in the derivation.

The importance of theory at the Information Systems Journal

The importance of theory at the <i>Information Systems Journal</i>

Category Mismatches in Coordination Vindicated

Bruening and Al Khalaf (2020) deny the possibility of coordination of unlike categories. They use three mechanisms to reanalyze such coordination as involving same categories: conjunction reduction, super-categories, and empty heads. We show that their proposal leaves many cases of unlike category coordination unaccounted for, and we point out various methodological, technical, and empirical problems that it faces. We conclude that the so-called Law of the Coordination of Likes is a myth. Instead, all conjuncts must satisfy any external restrictions on the syntactic position they occupy. Such restrictions may be rigid, resulting in categorial sameness, but when they are underspecified or disjunctive, category “mismatches” may arise.

Exocentricity yet again: A response to Nóbrega and Panagiotidis

In this reply to a paper by Nóbrega and Panagiotidis in Word Structure 13, I consider some of the remarks they make about exocentric compounds, and compare them with the generally accepted view of such structures. I conclude that their view of hyponymy seems to be unduly restrictive, that their use of empty heads leads to potential analyses which might not be considered useful, and that their suggested criteria for exocentricity lead to their restricting the notion of exocentricity in compounds to those which are marginal members of the exocentric category. I propose some lines for future research.

VARIABILITY OF SUNFLOWER HEAD/CAPITULUM BY NEW MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS

New studies on the morphological characteristics of sunflower plants could provide new systems and directions in the complex progress of the future improvement of hybrids. Through the complex (Encheva &amp; Shindrova, 2014) and wide genetic dowry together with the concrete cultivation conditions of the sunflower, the characteristic expression of the plant morphology takes place. In the recent improved Hysun 162 IT hybrid, some new characters were found, specific to the semi-early maturity group. Thus, the diameter of the sunflower head/capitulum had an average of 17 cm. The weight of the sunflower head was 105 g together with the achenes produced and only 39 g empty head, without achenes. The average of number of achenes/ head was 1470, and their weight was 65 g. The percentage of empty achenes was 2-3%, and the mass of one thousand seeds was on average 44 g. The seeds had a length of 10 mm and width of 5 mm. Positive correlations were generally obtained between the morphological characters of the sunflower head. Though this study carried out on the components of the heads of this new sunflower hybrid, a good adaptability to the current zonal agriculture was found.

I have to empty my head of the words: The Madness of King George

I have to empty my head of the words: The Madness of King George

Biochar Amendment for the Immobilization of Manganese and Cadmium in the Soils of Abandoned Coal Mining in Jambi, Indonesia

High heavy metal contents in soil of abandoned coal mining pose a risk to the environment. Acidic conditions impose a potential mobilization and availability of toxic heavy metals to water body. The objective of this study was to reduce mobilization of manganese and cadmium in the soil by amending lignite base biochar. The immobilization was investigated in a fixed bed column experiment in which concentrations of the metals in aliquot after the column were compared. Demineralized water adjusted to pH 4.7 to mimic environmental condition was pumped up through the column and the aliquots were collected at empty head space at liquid to solid (L/S) ratios of 1, 2, 5, 8 and 10. The results show that biochar amendment improves fraction of Mn and Cd immobilization in the soil and reduces mobility and availability of the metals. Amendment of 10% biochar could immobilize Mn (30%) and Cd (1%), respectively.

‘I Have an Empty Head on Love’: The Theme of Love in Derrida, or Derrida and the Literary Space

The essay examines several scenes of love in deconstruction, in an attempt to understand why Derrida claims to have ‘an empty head on love in general’, as he says in a film dedicated to his work. Beginning with ‘Romeo and Juliet’ up to Abraham's sacrificial responsibility, the essay aims to interpret Derrida's withdrawal to silence about love as enacting the erotic literary space of his own writing.

Evaluation of line brattice length in an empty heading to improve air flow rate at the face using CFD

The effectiveness of line brattice (LB) ventilation system depends on the associated system variables. However, the effect of these variables on the air flow rates close to the face of the heading is not extensively studied. In this paper, the effect of the LB length in relation to the LB-wall distance on the air flow rate reaching the face is analysed. Scenarios were developed using four LB lengths, two LB-wall distances and two heading depths. These scenarios were simulated with a validated CFD model. The air flow rates and patterns at various locations inside the heading were analysed. This helped to find the minimum LB-face distance that should be maintained for each LB-wall distance to maximise the air flow rate at the face. The minimum length when used will improve ventilation and reduce energy cost.

Analysis of the effect of ducted fan system variables on ventilation in an empty heading using CFD

Analysis of the effect of ducted fan system variables on ventilation in an empty heading using CFD

A CFD model to evaluate variables of the line brattice ventilation system in an empty heading

A CFD model to evaluate variables of the line brattice ventilation system in an empty heading

EVALUATING ACCESSIBILITY OF MALAYSIAN PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES WEBSITES USING ACHECKER AND WAVE

Websites become essential means for most universities to communicate, exchange of relevant information and enable transactions among their stakeholders.Therefore, website accessibility accessible website is crucial to students to ensure equal access to of the university's information regardless of their physical disabilities and other possible limitations.This study reports the web accessibility of 20 Malaysian public universities based on AChecker and WAVE.The results suggest a relatively low level of compliance to the guidelines as specified in WCAG 2.0 and Section 508. Among the aspects that deserve immediate attention are the provision of text alternatives for any non-text contents, keyboard accessibility and colour contrast.Other concerns such as navigation, adaptability, input assistance, compatibility, empty link and empty heading can be further improved. Regardless of low conformance, most websites extensively integrated some of the accessibility features as set out by Section 508.Overall, this study offers meaningful insights, particularly to web developers for better compliance with the standards while designing their websites.

Reflexive Serendipity. Grounded Theory and Serendipity in Disaster Management and Military Research

Grounded Theory (GT) is a research method that allows the researcher to make discoveries without a priori knowledge, and allows an open mind not an empty head. The use of this method is also desirable for serendipity to occur in the research process. This article therefore aims to chronologically present how serendipity has grown over time in the use of the GT method in a field of research focusing on highly demanding conditions such as disaster management and military operations. We will discuss a new concept, namely, reflexive serendipity, which encompasses the conditions required for making discoveries in the interview analysis. These may be contextual aspects and the role of the researcher, which includes having an open mind and the necessary perseverance and discipline to be able to succeed with GT and serendipity.

Estimating the effects of line brattice ventilation system variables in an empty heading in room and pillar mining using CFD

Estimating the effects of line brattice ventilation system variables in an empty heading in room and pillar mining using CFD

EVALUATING ACCESSIBILITY OF MALAYSIAN PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES WEBSITES USING ACHECKER AND WAVE

Websites become essential means for most universities to communicate, exchange of relevant information and enable transactions among their stakeholders. Therefore, website accessibility accessible website is crucial to students to ensure equal access to of the university’s information regardless of their physical disabilities and other possible limitations. This study reports the web accessibility of 20 Malaysian public universities based on AChecker and WAVE. The results suggest a relatively low level of compliance to the guidelines as specified in WCAG 2.0 and Section 508. Among the aspects that deserve immediate attention are the provision of text alternatives for any non-text contents, keyboard accessibility and colour contrast. Other concerns such as navigation, adaptability, input assistance, compatibility, empty link and empty heading can be further improved. Regardless of low conformance, most websites extensively integrated some of the accessibility features as set out by Section 508. Overall, this study offers meaningful insights, particularly to web developers for better compliance with the standards while designing their websites.

Characterization of the Proteins Associated with Caulobacter crescentus Bacteriophage CbK Particles.

Bacteriophage genomes contain an abundance of genes that code for hypothetical proteins with either a conserved domain or no predicted function. The Caulobacter phage CbK has an unusual shape, designated morphotype B3 that consists of an elongated cylindrical head and a long flexible tail. To identify CbK proteins associated with the phage particle, intact phage particles were subjected to SDS-PAGE, and the resulting protein bands were digested with trypsin and analyzed using MALDI mass spectroscopy to provide peptide molecular weights. These peptide molecular weights were then compared with the peptides that would be generated from the predicted amino acid sequences that are coded by the CbK genome, and the comparison of the actual and predicted peptide masses resulted in the identification of single genes that could code for the set of peptides derived from each of the 20 phage proteins. We also found that CsCl density gradient centrifugation resulted in the separation of empty phage heads, phage heads containing material organized in a spiral, isolated phage tails, and other particulate material from the intact phage particles. This additional material proved to be a good source of additional phage proteins, and preliminary results suggest that it may include a CbK DNA replication complex.

Cryo-EM structure of the bacteriophage T4 portal protein assembly at near-atomic resolution.

The structure and assembly of bacteriophage T4 has been extensively studied. However, the detailed structure of the portal protein remained unknown. Here we report the structure of the bacteriophage T4 portal assembly, gene product 20 (gp20), determined by cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) to 3.6 Å resolution. In addition, analysis of a 10 Å resolution cryo-EM map of an empty prolate T4 head shows how the dodecameric portal assembly interacts with the capsid protein gp23 at the special pentameric vertex. The gp20 structure also verifies that the portal assembly is required for initiating head assembly, for attachment of the packaging motor, and for participation in DNA packaging. Comparison of the Myoviridae T4 portal structure with the known portal structures of φ29, SPP1 and P22, representing Podo- and Siphoviridae, shows that the portal structure probably dates back to a time when self-replicating microorganisms were being established on Earth.

Arabic relative clauses in HPSG

In HPSG relative clauses have been analyzed in terms of phonologically empty heads in Pollard and Sag (1994) and in terms of a complex system of phrase types in Sag (1997). Modern Standard Arabic has a distinction between relative clauses with a definite antecedent, which are introduced by a special complementizer, and relative clauses with an indefinite antecedent, which are ‘bare’ clauses. Analyses eschewing empty heads and assuming a complex system of phrase types face a number of problems. An analysis in which relatives with an indefinite antecedent are headed by a phonologically empty complementizer is more satisfactory. Thus, in the case of Arabic, the approach of Pollard and Sag (1994) seems preferable to the approach of Sag (1997).

The emptied bacteriophage T4 head: a novel nanoparticle vehicle to simultaneously deliver HIV-1 antigens and genes into dendritic cells

Background Simultaneous delivery of HIV-1 antigens and genes by a single nanoparticle will greatly aid in the development of effective HIV-1 vaccines. We have created a highly stable, empty bacteriophage T4 capsid shell which can be engineered both inside and out. The empty head can be filled with foreign DNA using a powerful DNA packaging machine. Its surface can be arrayed with proteins as fusions of the outer capsid proteins, Hoc (highly antigenic outer capsid protein) and Soc (small outer capsid protein). The 120 x 86 nm head has a capacity to accommodate 170-kb foreign DNA and 1025 molecules of proteins. Methods

Structural and Biochemical Characterization of Phage λ FI Protein (gpFI) Reveals a Novel Mechanism of DNA Packaging Chaperone Activity

One of the final steps in the morphogenetic pathway of phage λ is the packaging of a single genome into a preformed empty head structure. In addition to the terminase enzyme, the packaging chaperone, FI protein (gpFI), is required for efficient DNA packaging. In this study, we demonstrate an interaction between gpFI and the major head protein, gpE. Amino acid substitutions in gpFI that reduced the strength of this interaction also decreased the biological activity of gpFI, implying that this head binding activity is essential for the function of gpFI. We also show that gpFI is a two-domain protein, and the C-terminal domain is responsible for the head binding activity. Using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, we determined the three-dimensional structure of the C-terminal domain and characterized the helical nature of the N-terminal domain. Through structural comparisons, we were able to identify two previously unannotated prophage-encoded proteins with tertiary structures similar to gpFI, although they lack significant pairwise sequence identity. Sequence analysis of these diverse homologues led us to identify related proteins in a variety of myo- and siphophages, revealing that gpFI function has a more highly conserved role in phage morphogenesis than was previously appreciated. Finally, we present a novel model for the mechanism of gpFI chaperone activity in the DNA packaging reaction of phage λ.