Level Of Empowerment Research Articles

Parental Health Literacy, Empowerment, and Advocacy for Food Allergy Safety in Schools: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Approximately 8% of elementary school-aged children in the United States have food allergies, a complicated health management situation that requires parents to use many types of health literacy, empowerment, and advocacy skills to work with school staff to protect their children. This cross-sectional study examined (a) whether the highest versus lowest levels of functional, communicative, and critical health literacy are associated with higher perceived effectiveness of parental advocacy behaviors for safe food allergy management in schools [parental advocacy]; and (b) whether communicative and critical health literacy are more strongly associated with parental advocacy than functional health literacy. A sample of parents of elementary school-aged children was recruited through 26 food allergy organizations and a research patient registry. Participants completed an anonymous online survey. Self-reported measurements of parental health literacy, empowerment, and advocacy were adapted and refined through pre-testing and pilot-testing. General linear model analyses were conducted to predict parental advocacy. Participants (N = 313) were predominantly White, college-educated mothers with moderately high levels of food allergy knowledge, health literacy, empowerment, and parental advocacy skills. Parents who scored at the highest levels in the three dimensions of health literacy reported they engaged in more effective advocacy behaviors than parents who scored at the lowest levels. Parental advocacy was predicted largely by parental empowerment and the quality of the relationship with the school (B = .41 and B = .40, respectively). Functional health literacy and the child's diagnosis of asthma were smaller predictors. While accounting for covariates, functional health literacy was significantly associated with parental advocacy whereas communicative and critical health literacy were not. Interventions to impact parental empowerment and parent-school relationships, including a health-literate universal precautions approach of communicating food allergy school policies, may influence parental advocacy for food allergy safety in schools. Further research could use a performance-based multidimensional measure of health literacy. [HLRP: Health Literacy Research and Practice. 2023;7(3):e165-e175.].

SMALL DAMS AND SOCIAL EMPOWERMENT: A CASE STUDY OF POTOHAR, PAKISTAN

Small dams are vital infrastructures that can be used to address water scarcity issues, promote sustainable agriculture practices and improve rural livelihoods. In Pakistan, where agriculture is the main source of livelihood for the majority of the population, the construction of small dams has been identified as a means of providing irrigation water to farmlands and improving the socio-economic status of rural communities. This paper focuses on the impact of small dams on social empowerment in the Potohar region of Pakistan. Locale of the study was Potohar Plateau of Pakistan which includes Attock, Chakwal, Jhelum and Rawalpindi. Data were collected from the encroachment areas of ten dams. Data of beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries were collected through a structured tool. Data shoes the participation of farmer with different education groups, type of their family, marital status, cultivated land, and social empowerment. Data represents that participant reported four different levels of social empowerment, in which higher level of empowerment was reported by 65.0 percent. In addition, data shows that social empowerment is not dependent with the utilization of dam water. And regression analysis between respondent’s and social empowerment shows p values 0.485, and that is less than value of alpha. So, we conclude that social empowerment is found in the areas under study but that is not linked with small dam utilization. And study further suggest to explore the key indicators of social empowerment in Potohar. Keywords: small dams, social empowerment, Potohar Plateau, Potohar Pakistan

SMALL DAMS AND SOCIAL EMPOWERMENT: A CASE STUDY OF POTOHAR, PAKISTAN

Small dams are vital infrastructures that can be used to address water scarcity issues, promote sustainable agriculture practices and improve rural livelihoods. In Pakistan, where agriculture is the main source of livelihood for the majority of the population, the construction of small dams has been identified as a means of providing irrigation water to farmlands and improving the socio-economic status of rural communities. This paper focuses on the impact of small dams on social empowerment in the Potohar region of Pakistan. Locale of the study was Potohar Plateau of Pakistan which includes Attock, Chakwal, Jhelum and Rawalpindi. Data were collected from the encroachment areas of ten dams. Data of beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries were collected through a structured tool. Data shoes the participation of farmer with different education groups, type of their family, marital status, cultivated land, and social empowerment. Data represents that participant reported four different levels of social empowerment, in which higher level of empowerment was reported by 65.0 percent. In addition, data shows that social empowerment is not dependent with the utilization of dam water. And regression analysis between respondent’s and social empowerment shows p values 0.485, and that is less than value of alpha. So, we conclude that social empowerment is found in the areas under study but that is not linked with small dam utilization. And study further suggest to explore the key indicators of social empowerment in Potohar. Keywords: small dams, social empowerment, Potohar Plateau, Potohar Pakistan

Access to Livelihood Capital and Food Security Status as Correlates to Empowerment Among Women on Irrigation Schemes in North-West Province, South Africa

This paper examines the empowerment, access to livelihood capital, and food security status among women in irrigation Schemes in North-West Province, South Africa. A simple random sampling technique was used to select 84 women farmers. Data was obtained with a female empowerment agricultural index questionnaire and analyzed with frequency distribution, percentages, mean and standard deviation, and Chi-Square. The results on the indices of empowerment show that women are disempowered in the use of income and access to productive capital and credit, but are empowered in leadership and decision-making. The Chi-square analysis reveals that significant relationships exist between levels of empowerment, livelihood capital, and food security. The paper concludes that there is a need to modify intervention programs if empowerment is to be attained.

Re-examining the participation and empowerment nexus: Applications to community-based tourism

The centrality of community involvement in tourism activities has been widely recognized globally by practitioners and stakeholders alike. Within this recognition community-based tourism (CBT) initiatives have been widely accepted as a favorable form of tourism activity—especially when promoting pro-poor and sustainable strategies for marginalized communities. Arguably, the success of CBT initiatives is underpinned by the participation of communities in the planning, development, and managing processes that bring them about. Supporting these assumptions is the theoretical link between participation and empowerment, where community participation leads to the empowerment of community members. Over the years, however, existing studies have also provided ambivalent accounts suggesting the complexity of these relationships is not well understood. As several studies have pointed out, tourism participation does not invariably and naturally result in empowerment. In contributing to the existing discourse, this study explores the nexus between participation and empowerment by proposing a revised participation-empowerment model. The resulting model suggests that while communities require some level of empowerment to participate effectively in CBT, through continuous interaction they can increase their level of participation along with their level of empowerment.

BUDGET PARTICIPATION: INTERACTION EFFECTS OF WORK ENGAGEMENT AND EMPOWERMENT

This study investigates the two-way interaction effects of work engagement and empowerment on the degree of employees' budget participation industry in Scotland. Data are collected from 159 employees via an online questionnaire and analyzed using multiplicative regression analysis. The results confirm the presence of a two-way interaction effect between work engagement and empowerment on the degree of budget participation at a statistically significance level (p = 0.0002). Further analysis indicates that the higher the empowerment, the greater its enhancing effect on the positive relationship between work engagement and the degree of employees' budget participation. This study provides one of the first empirical evidence of a contingent relationship between work engagement and budget participation over the range of the level of empowerment. Consequently, the results have contributed insights to the literature in facilitating our understanding of both the moderating role of empowerment and extending the boundary conditions on work engagement and budget participation association. Human resource personnel and management can consider the application of empowerment as a potential intervention strategy to boost the productivity and performance of employees resulting from the latter's increased participation in the budget-setting process.

The Effect of Rural Road Access on Rural Households Livelihood Improvement: Evidence from Selected Weredas in Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia

The development of appropriate road infrastructure is fundamental to economic growth and poverty reduction. Rural roads, especially, are especially important for economic development in rural areas. Against this background, this study aims at investigating the effect of rural road access on rural households’ livelihood improvement. Concerning the methodology, mixed research approach involving descriptive and explanatory designs was used. This study compares (using propensity score matching techniques) households located in Keble’s with road access to suitable controls. The descriptive analysis reveals that rural roads provide enhanced access to markets for inputs such as fertilizers and improved seeds, enable households to sell their produce to nearby markets, and allow to achieve additional non-farm employment opportunities, leading to a rise in income and reduce poverty. The results from econometrics analysis shows that road access positively and significantly improved the livelihood of households as measured by the livelihoods asset capital index. On the basis of their propensity score, the mean difference in the livelihood assets index between households located in Keble’s with road access and non-accessible household’s ranges up to 6% after matching. The results also indicated that women who are employed during road construction, on average, have 25% to 37% higher empowerment level than those who are not employed. This strengthens the argument for making efforts towards gender mainstreaming during rural road construction and greater engagement of women in road planning and implementation.

Sen's Capability Approach and Women Empowerment in Governance

This paper tries to measure the level of empowerment of elected women representatives (EWRs) at the Gram Panchayat level in the light of Prof. Amartya Sen’s ‘Capability Approach.’ In this paper, the level of empowerment of EWRs or “agency” has been measured through Women Empowerment Index (WEI) on the basis of five types of ‘instrumental freedoms’ like, Social Opportunities, Economic Facilities, Political Freedoms, Transparency Guarantees and Protective Security. On the other hand, the ‘capability set’ or the “alternative combinations of functioning” of EWRs or “agency” has been assessed through Gram Panchayat Performance Index (GPPI). By comparing WEI and GPPI, the paper has assessed the level of empowerment of EWRs during the last two boards (2003-08) and (2008-2013) in West Bengal.

Social networks, empowerment, and wellbeing among Syrian refugee and Jordanian women: Implications for development and social inclusion

In response to large-scale refugee crises, frameworks for development assistance have promoted women’s empowerment, wellbeing, and social inclusion. A productive research agenda lies in analyzing social networks: it is unknown how women structure their social ties within refugee and host communities, and whether social networks matter for their sense of empowerment and wellbeing. In 2022, we surveyed Syrian refugee (n = 106) and Jordanian (n = 109) women from poor households across five neighborhoods in Amman. We implemented a standard network survey instrument (PERSNET) to assess network structure and composition. We tested associations with six measures (PE, MRS, MTL, Cantril, PWB, MSPSS) of psychological empowerment and wellbeing. We then conducted participatory network mapping (Net-Map) to assess local meanings of empowerment and visually map the pathways between social actors, community-based work, and psychological outcomes. Survey data show that networks were highly homogeneous, smaller for Syrians than Jordanians (p = 0.0001), and smaller for women in very poor households (p < 0.0001). As network size increased, so did levels of psychological empowerment (p = 0.02), motivation to lead (p = 0.007) and perceived social support (p = 0.001). Notably, as networks became increasingly kin-based, empowerment levels decreased (p = 0.003). Networks were more diverse for community volunteers, who named fewer female, married, and kin-based peers (p ≤ 0.05), and reported higher levels of resourcefulness (p = 0.01) and psychological wellbeing (p = 0.002). Qualitative data show that women, who described empowerment as “ability” and “proof of existence,” drew upon volunteering work to diversify their networks outside the home. Such evidence matters for development initiatives that build programs for women to work, learn, and socially interact. We conclude that expanding opportunities for volunteer work is one way of diversifying social networks and empowering urban poor women. Our research helps better understand how women can be supported to diversify their social ties, take community leadership roles, and respond to social change.

Cultural and economic barriers and opportunities for the participation of women in agricultural production systems: a case study in Guatemala

As in other Latin American countries, agricultural activities in Guatemala contribute with 32% of the total employment (65% in rural areas), but only one in every ten individuals employed in these activities are women. This study examines the cultural and economic barriers and opportunities for the participation of women in agricultural (crop and livestock) production systems. We rely on a qualitative approach involving focus group discussions with 15–20 women in each of the eight communities visited in the departments of Chiquimula (Dry Corridor) and Huehuetenango (Western Highlands) in October 2022. The study provides several interesting findings, which generally hold across locations. First, women do not seem to have a strong preference for crop production activities, except harvesting, and only get involved in specifically assigned tasks. This lack of interest and participation in crop-related activities, which can be related to low empowerment levels and traditional stereotypes in the community about gender roles, persist even in locations with a higher emigration of men, where women could be expected to take over traditionally male crop-related tasks. Second, participants carry out a variety of other unpaid activities, including raising small-scale livestock and maintaining home gardens, which they do not recognize as formal, income-generating occupations despite their more active role. Third, women consider the commercialization of their products a persistent challenge as they do not have access to markets beyond their community, which additionally results in a deterrent to applying for credits due to a generalized fear of defaulting. Despite their day-to-day economic hardship, participants’ main aspirations point to generating more income in non-crop-related activities, mainly livestock farming and raising, or, alternatively, emigrating to provide a better future for their children. These findings remark the importance of offering extensive support to women to not only start new activities, as it has been the case of several public and private initiatives in the area, but help them through continuous extension services on production, storage, and commercialization; management and accounting; and financial literacy, as well as on building agency capacity through existing women groups and organizations and enabling the environment for improved access to markets and credit.

COVID Pandemic and Spousal Violence Against Indian Women: An Exploration of NFHS-4 (2015–2016) and NFHS-5 (2019–2021) Data Sets

We explore the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on spousal violence (SV) against Indian women using NFHS-4 and NFHS-5 datasets on Indian married women. We observe that probabilities of experiencing less severe physical violence and sexual violence actually declined as compared to NFHS-4 level for women from the group of states that were surveyed during pandemic period (Phase-2 states) whereas for the group of states that were surveyed prior to pandemic (Phase-1 states) no such significant decline in SV was noted under NFHS-5 survey vis-à-vis NFHS-4 level (except for the level of emotional and psychological aggression which shows a significant decline). The same counter intuitive result was observed for consolidated SV index, which declined for Phase-2 states during COVID-19 pandemic, whereas no such decline under NFHS-5 was observed for Phase-1 states, while we are controlling for different socio-demographic variables and level of women empowerment.

Women's Empowerment: Evidence from the Corn-Tortilla Value Chain in the Central Valley’s Region and the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, Oaxaca, Mexico.

This article explores the level of Women’s Empowerment (W’E) from six empowerment domains: decision-making, autonomy, access and control of resources, community participation, and participation in business management, within the context of the corn-tortilla value chain. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data through the survey method and participant observation. The sample consisted of 136 women producers from two municipalities, 67 from Santa María Xadani in the Isthmus of Tehuantepec and 69 from San Antonio de la Cal in the Central Valleys of Oaxaca, Mexico. The results highlight that women exercise five of the six explored domains of empowerment, two with high levels and three with medium levels of empowerment. The women’s income from selling their corn tortillas is used to buy food, raw materials, and health services. Much of their time is spent on corn tortilla production and marketing, and household activities. Finally, this study makes implications for public policy to contribute with the generation of strategies that raise the levels of W’E in agrifood systems in rural contexts. JEL Codes: I31, J16, P42, Q01, R11 Received: 13/01/2023. Accepted: 24/05/2023. Published: 26/06/2023.

Commumity Empowerment in Making Village Renstra in Merek District

Community empowerment in the field of village planning towards an independent village is part of an effort to improve the standard of living and the economy of the community in the village which is still in a condition that has not been able to escape from poverty and underdevelopment, when in fact the potential of the village at this time can make a significant contribution to improving the standard of living of the community. community income. Dokan Village as one of the tourist destinations in Karo Regency does not have a draft village development document that is oriented towards strengthening the village government. The Dokan Village Government tends to carry out normative development, as a result, the potential wealth of tourism in Dokan cannot be maximized. Research on community empowerment in the making of the village strategic plan in the District of Mark is able to answer matters relating to the reality related to the condition of village tourism, especially in Dokan Village, which shows that the development of tourist villages and tourism potential is not being managed optimally. The research objectives are (1) to describe the potential of Dokan tourism village in supporting village development; (2) to analyze the human resources of the Dokan Village community related to the knowledge factor of the Dokan Village community; (3) to analyze the level of empowerment in tourism village development and its correlation in increasing the income of rural communities; and (4) to formulate a village development strategy in improving the facilities, quality and management of Dokan Village tourism.

Analisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi tingkat keberdayaan perempuan

This study aims to analyze the factors that influence the level of women's empowerment. The method used is survey research with a quantitative verification approach. The research was conducted in Indramayu Regency, using the Multiple Stage Sampling technique. Five (5) sub-districts were taken from 31 sub-districts, and 20 respondents were randomly selected from each sub-district so that the total number was 100 women respondents. Individual characteristics, competence, and availability of information are exogenous variables while the endogenous variable is the level of women's power. Analysis using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), with calculations assisted by Smart PLS 4 software. The validity test was carried out to see valid indicators based on the loading factor value &gt; 0.5, the reliability test was carried out on the research variables, and the SEM model was obtained in iteration 2. The results showed that individual characteristic variables, competence, and information availability contributed 61% to women's empowerment level. Individual characteristics have a positive effect of 0.77 and are significant on the level of women's empowerment. Women's competence needs to be increased, as well as the availability of information so that women can play an active role and increase their involvement in the economy and development.

Http://www.pertanika.upm.edu.my/pjssh/browse/regular-issue?article=JSSH-8608-2022

Ensuring gender equality and empowering women is crucial, as they play a significant role in driving economic and societal development. This study examines women’s empowerment levels in Malaysia and Indonesia, two neighbouring countries with a predominantly Muslim population. Data were obtained from the Fifth Malaysian Population and Family Survey 2014 and the Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey 2017. A total of 5,175 Malaysian and 34,467 Indonesian married women aged 15–49 were selected for this study. The variables used include women’s autonomy in household decision-making (a proxy for women’s empowerment), educational level, work status, place of residence, number of children, and women’s age. Findings reveal that Malaysia has a higher proportion of women with tertiary education than Indonesia (25.2% versus 14.7%). However, the proportion of women who were employed was lower in Malaysia than in Indonesia (45.4% versus 57.0%). Concerning household decision-making participation, approximately 46% of Malaysian women participated in all household decisions, as compared to 73% among Indonesian women. Binary logistic regression analysis indicates that all selected independent variables, except the place of residence, were significantly associated with women’s autonomy in household decision-making in both countries at the multivariate level. Women’s socio-economic characteristics greatly influence their status in the household and decision-making autonomy. Enhancing women’s education and employability can empower them and strengthen their decision-making autonomy.

Workplace Empowerment, Job Satisfaction, and Teaching Performance of Public Senior High School Teachers’ in City Schools Division in the Province of Laguna

Teachers’ empowerment is one of the most effective ways to enhance teachers’ commitment (Muhammad &amp; Hussain, 2020). They have a very high level of workplace empowerment along impact which shows that teachers believe that they affect and influence school life positively. The goal of this study was to explore the level of teachers’ workplace empowerment, job satisfaction, and teaching performance, probe the relationship between the teachers’ level of workplace empowerment and level of job satisfaction, workplace empowerment and teaching performance, and level of job satisfaction and teaching performance, and examined the predictive ability of the level of workplace empowerment, and job satisfaction, taken singly or in combination, of level of teaching performance of senior high school teachers’ in the City Schools Division in the Province of Laguna. The findings revealed that the teachers’ level of workplace empowerment was “highly empowered”, while the teachers’ level of job satisfaction was “very satisfactory”. On the other hand, the teachers’ level of teaching performance was “outstanding”. In addition, the teachers’ level of teaching performance was significant to meaning, benefits, and professional growth with a p-value of 0.023, 0.028, and 0.002, respectively. It was concluded in the study that teacher’s workplace empowerment only meaning was correlated to teachers’ level of teaching performance. While in terms of job satisfaction, benefits and professional growth was correlated to teachers’ level of teaching performance. It implied that these predictors were highly contributors to the teachers of teaching performance. This study is believed to be a beneficial reference in developing a more empowered workplace, highly pleased teaching forces with the finest teaching performances.&#x0D;

Empowering patients to self-control and self-management of anticoagulant therapy

Abstract Introduction. Empowerment is a process that allows patients to perform self-control and self-management of anticoagulant therapy, while allowing them to influence the process and the outcomes of their treatment. Aim. Assessment of the level of empowerment of patients on anticoagulant treatment before and after the education. Material and methods. A quantitative study with structured instrument was used. The number of 46 patients with antiphospholipid syndrome treated in the anticoagulation clinic at the general hospital participated in the study, and 37 patients were subsequently enrolled in the training. Data were collected to determine their level of empowerment. Results and conclusion. We divided the patients into four categories of empowerment. We found that after education, patients had statistically significant higher levels of empowerment. After the education, all 37 patients were classified into the fourth category, indicating high patient participation. Empowered patients make their own decisions about their health, they have a better relationship with health professionals, they follow instructions, take greater responsibility for their health, and reduce the need for hospitalisations and urgent care.

Strategi Pengembangan Hutan Kemasyarakatan Dalam Program Perhutanan Sosial Di Kawasan Hutan Lindung Gunung Lembean Wilayah Kesatuan Pengelolaan Hutan Unit V

The study aims to analyze the potential of biophysical civil-forest clearances, analyze economic, institutional, social and cultural conditions, and track stakeholders in determining civil-forest development strategies in the region of Lembean Mountain Reserves. The study was conducted for three months, ranging from March to May 2023. The data used is primary and secondary data. Primary data is collected through interviews, based on questionnaires. The number of respondents to the weight of four respondents with both expert and experienced levels of people's empowerment around the forest region. The number of respondents to give a twenty-first rate to those of a forest-farm group with a permit to use a community forest. The data collected in primary data concern economic conditions, institutional, social and cultural conditions, and stakeholder in determining development strategies. The turnaround strategy is a research strategy developed for the development of community forests in the Lembean Mountain Forest Area. The strategy is to facilitate the establishment and strengthening of group institutions, facilitate businesses wishing to invest with community groups through mutually beneficial cooperation, and develop patterns of agroforestry systems that have products and economic value.

Economic Empowerment of Tribal Women Artisans of Malkangiri through Micro-finance and Micro-credit – A Suggestive Growth Model of Sustainability

Empirically, empowerment denotes a degree of autonomy and selfdetermination enabling the people to represent their interest by acting on their own authority and power to control their lives, while sustainability generates the ability to maintain a balance between the need and avoids the depletion of natural resources for the balanced economic growth, thought for social-wellbeingand attention for the need of future generations.Enterprising the two in development philosophy, Amartya Sen’s Capability Approach acclaims that the poverty has its roots in the deprivation of basic capabilities, not due to the a consequence of low income. Through inclusive welfare approach, the development perspective provides people greater freedom and choice to increase capabilities; to focus not only on the means but also on people's ends, and on the freedom (constitutive and instrumental) needed to satisfy these ends. Microfinance and micro-credit are in the one instrumental freedom that involves access to credit and capital for the poor borrowers lacking collaterals. The paper is an humble attempt of research on the excluded tribal women artisans of Malkangiri and their basic threshold of capability as the central social goal for their inclusive development. Investigating the observations, the present study aims to examine the level of women's empowerment, as promoted by the introduction of micro-finance and micro-credit programs, in one of the least developed districts of India - Malkanagiri, in Odisha; and thereafter, it proposes a sustainable suggestive growth model based on the findings.

Psychiatric nurses' experience of moral distress: Its relationship with empowerment and coping.

Research has shown that moral distress negatively impacts nurses, patients, and organizations; however, several scholars have argued that it can be an opportunity for positive outcomes. Thus, factors that may mitigate moral distress and catalyze positive change need to be explored. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationships among structural and psychological empowerment, psychiatric staff nurses' experience of moral distress, and strategies for coping with moral distress. A descriptive cross-sectional correlational study. A total of 180 registered nurses working in psychiatric hospitals in Japan participated. This study examined relationships among key variables using four questionnaires to assess structural and psychological empowerment, moral distress for psychiatric nurses, and coping strategies. Statistical analyses of correlations and multiple regressions were conducted. The study was approved by the institutional review board at the author's affiliated university. Psychiatric nurses perceived moderate levels of structural and psychological empowerment, and their experiences of moral distress were related to low staffing. Structural empowerment was negatively related to the frequency of moral distress but not the intensity. Contrary to expectations, psychological empowerment was not found to mitigate nurses' moral distress. Multivariate regression analyses revealed that the significant predictors of moral distress were the leaving issues unresolved coping style, the problem-solving coping style, and a lack of formal power, which explained 35% and 22% of the variance in the frequency and intensity of moral distress, respectively. In psychiatric hospitals in Japan, nurses experience moral distress that compromises the quality of care they provide. Therefore, formal support for nurses in voicing and investigating their moral concerns is required to bestow formal power by establishing a ward culture that includes shared governance.