Employment In Manufacturing Industries Research Articles

Stress Evaluation on Mechanical, Construction and its Allied Manufacturing Industry Employees and its Basic Impact on Productivity, A Case Study

Stress Evaluation on Mechanical, Construction and its Allied Manufacturing Industry Employees and its Basic Impact on Productivity, A Case Study

Jobs for creatives outside the creative industries: a study of creatives working in the Australian manufacturing industry

More creatives work outside the creative industries than inside them. Recent Australian Census data show that 52 per cent of creatives work outside of the core creative industries. These embedded creatives make up 2 per cent of manufacturing industry employees. There is little qualitative research into embedded creatives. This paper aims to address this by exploring the contribution of creative skills to manufacturing in Australia. Through four case studies of designers and marketing staff in lighting and car seat manufacturing companies, this paper demonstrates some of the work that embedded creatives undertake in the manufacturing industry and some of the ways that they contribute to innovation. The paper also considers perspectives embedded creatives bring to manufacturing and challenges involved in being a creative worker in a non-creative industry. This research is important to economic development issues, demonstrating some of the roles of key innovators in an important industry. This work also informs the education of creative industries students who will go on to contribute in a variety of industries. Furthermore, this research exemplifies one industry where employment is available to creatives outside of the creative industries.

Long Working Hours and Emotional Well-Being in Korean Manufacturing Industry Employees

ObjectivesKorea is well known for its long work hours amongst employees. Because workers of the manufacturing industry are constantly exposed to extended work hours, this study was based on how long work hours affect their emotional well-being.MethodsThe analysis was done using the secondary Korean Working Condition Survey (KWCS). Long work hours were defined to be more than 48 hours, and they were subcategorized into units of 52 hours and 60 hours. Based on the WHO (five) well-being index, emotional state was subdivided into three groups - reference group, low-mood group, and possible depression group- where 28 points and 50 points were division points, and two groups were compared at a time. Association between long work hours and emotional state was analyzed using binary and multinomial logistic regression analysis.ResultsWorking for extended working hours in the manufacturing industry showed a statistically significant increase (t test p < 0.001) in trend among the possible depression group when compared to the reference group and the low-mood group. When demographical characteristics, health behaviors, socioeconomic state, and work-related characteristics were fixed as controlled variables, as work hours increased the odds ratio of the possible depression group increased compared to the reference group, and especially the odds ratio was 2.73 times increased for work hours between 48–52 and 4.09 times increased for 60 hours or more and both were statistically significant. In comparing the low-mood group and possible depression group, as work hours increased the odds ratio increased to 1.73, 2.39, and 4.16 times, and all work hours from working 48–52 hours, 53–60 hours, and 60 hours or more were statistically significant. Multinomial logistic regression analysis also showed that among the reference group and possible group, the possible depression group was statistically significant as odds ratio increased to 2.94 times in working 53–60 hours, and 4.35 times in 60 hours or more.ConclusionsLong work hours have an adverse effect on emotional well-being. A more diversified research towards variables that affect long work hours and emotional well-being and how they interact with each other and their relationship to overall health is imperative.

An analysis of safeness of work environment in Korean manufacturing: The “safety climate” perspective

In Korea, the safety climate of working environments is a crucial aspect of the issue of establishing an industrial accident-prevention policy. However, there have been insufficient studies on safety climate in South Korean working environments. The purpose of this study is to examine the safety climate factors that influence a safe working environment using a South Korean sample. A total of 500 surveys targeting manufacturing industry employees were conducted, and 131 valid samples were used for evaluation. Safety knowledge, safety compliance, safety motivation, and safe working environment were established as the main factors affecting safety climate awareness, and structural equation modeling was performed to confirm significant relationships. Out of eight hypotheses, three were rejected, and safety knowledge and safety motivation were shown to have no statistically significant effect on the safeness of the work environment. This result reflects the limitations of South Korea’s government-led Occupational Safety and Health training and promotion programs and of systematic knowledge transfer and the encouragement of participation.

Workplace deviant behaviour : does psychological contract violation matter? An empirical evidence

Workplace deviant behaviour refers to "the voluntary behaviour that violates significant organizational norms". In this study, 355 manufacturing industry employees participated in an investigation into the impact of Psychological Contract Violation (PCV) on Workplace Deviant Behaviour (WDB). Three forms of deviant behaviour were identified: interpersonal deviance, production deviance, and property deviance. Further to this three PCV dimensions were also identified, namely, growth and development, autonomy and organizational support. The regression analyses performed yielded mixed results. PCV with respect to 'autonomy and control' demonstrated a negative relationship with interpersonal deviance and property deviance, but a positive relationship with production deviance. PCV with regard to 'growth and development' was found to exhibit a negative relationship with interpersonal deviance, but a positive relationship with property deviance. 'Organizational support' PCV exhibited no significant relationship with WDB.

Economic diversification and Dutch disease in Russia

Despite the impressive economic growth in Russia between 1999 and 2007 there is a fear that Russia may suffer the Dutch disease, which predicts that a country with large natural resource rents may experience de-industrialisation and lower long-term economic growth. This article examines whether there are any symptoms of the Dutch disease in Russia. Using a variety of Rosstat publications and the CHELEM database, we analyse the trends in production, wages and employment in Russian manufacturing industries, and we study the behaviour of Russian imports and exports. We find that, while Russia exhibits some symptoms of the Dutch disease, e.g. the real appreciation of the ruble, the rise in real wages, the decrease in employment in manufacturing industries and the development of the services sector, manufacturing production nonetheless increased, contradicting the theory of the Dutch disease. These trends can be explained by the gains in productivity and the recovery after the disorganisation in the 1990s, by new market opportunities for Russian products in the European Union and in CIS countries, by a growing Chinese demand for some products and by a booming internal market. Finally, investment in many manufacturing industries was largely encouraged, whereas investment in the energy sector was strongly regulated, which contributed to economic diversification.

Comparison of team and individual judgements of solutions to safety problems

Knowledge about how best to solve problems in occupational health and safety and how to be innovative in general is important to all industry. With the advent of non-prescriptive workplace safety legislation in Australia (and internationally), the need for problem solving at an enterprise level has never been greater. The legislation calls for problem solving to take place via a cooperative approach between employers and employees and this manifests itself as committees, risk improvement teams and the like. Unfortunately research in problem solving generally has showed us that interacting teamwork is less effective that individual thinking in terms of generating solutions to problems. However, there has been little research on the comparison of individuals and teams as regards the decision-making stage of problem solving that must naturally follow the idea generation stage. This research compared individuals and teams based on decision-making in health and safety. Subjects were 294 manufacturing industry employees arranged into 38 teams. Subjects ranked solutions to safety problems individually and then repeated the exercise in teams where they sought to develop a team consensus. The average of individual judgements were compared with the team consensus judgements in a paired design. The results indicate that the consensus judgement of the teams was much better than the average of the individuals that comprised the team. The implications are that, while idea generation is probably best achieved individually, judgements and decision about solutions is probably best performed through a consensus approach.

Regional Changes in the Trade Specialization and Distribution of the Trade Employees in Miyagi Prefecture

The writer analyzed various aspects of the regional changes in trade specialization and distribution of the trade employees in cities, towns and villages of Miyagi prefecture from 1960 to 1970. The results are summarized as follows.(1) All the cities, towns and villages can be classified into two groups, developed or less developed as for the trade by the index of the coefficient of specialization.Number of trade employees in each city, town and village/Number of industry employees in each city, town and village/Number of trade employees all Japan/Number of industry employees all Japan=coefficient of specialization(2) The larger are cities and towns, the less is the change rate of the coefficient of specialization and the change rate of the share occupied by trade (retail and wholesale) employees in all employees.(3) Considering the combination of the change rates in total population, number of manufacturing industry employees and number of trade employees between 1960 and 1970, we can distinguish following four regional patterns in Miyagi prefecture.Type A: All the rates increased. Sendai and its neighboring cities and towns, Ishinomaki and Kesennuma Cities belong to this type.Type B: Trade and manufacturing industry employees increased while total population decreased. This type includes such regional trade centers as Furukawa, Shiroishi, Kakuda and Hazama.Type C: Only trade employees increased though total population and manufacturing industry employees decreased. Small regional trade centers in rural region are included in this type.Type D : All the rates decreased. This type is found in towns and villages in the less developed region in the mountains and along the Pacific coast.(4) There is rather conspicuous trend that the number of the trade employees increased in adjusted proportion to the total population. However, this relationship is occasionally false. For example, the trade shops and their employees along the highways increased even in the rural regions where total population considerably decreased.