Employment In Iran Research Articles

The impact of sanctions on household welfare and employment in Iran

ABSTRACT Wide-ranging US sanctions against Iran in the past decade were in large part imposed to harm the living standards of ordinary Iranians in the hope that their leaders would submit to US demands to limit their nuclear program. In this study, I use extensive survey data to assess the impact of sanctions on household consumption and employment. Unsurprisingly, reduction in Iran's export of oil, which dealt a large negative blow to the economy, reduce household expenditures across income strata, raising poverty rates despite government attempts to assist the poor. By contrast, employment did not suffer as devaluation and falling real wages helped local production to substitute for imports that had been previously paid for by oil income. Probit analysis of panel data shows that, all else equal, living in urban areas, in households with older and female heads, and lack of health insurance increase the chance of falling into poverty after the 2018 shock of the US maximum pressure campaign.

The Impact of Sanctions on Household Welfare and Employment in Iran

The Impact of Sanctions on Household Welfare and Employment in Iran

Improving Productive Employment in Iran: Improving Overeducation, Aging, and Promoting Renewable Energy

Improving Productive Employment in Iran: Improving Overeducation, Aging, and Promoting Renewable Energy

The Asymmetry Effect of Real Wages on the Industrial Employment in Iran (NARDL Approach)

The Asymmetry Effect of Real Wages on the Industrial Employment in Iran (NARDL Approach)

Recognition of the religious approach in the field of women's employment in Iran: challenges, opportunities and Policy options

Recognition of the religious approach in the field of women's employment in Iran: challenges, opportunities and Policy options

Discrimination of Women in Employment: A Study in Tehran, Iran

Employment of women has an effective and significant effect on personal independence, self confidence, feeling of security in family system, new norms were established for education of children and marital relations due to which positive and deliberate emotions have been strengthened. If the number of jobs are so less that one can not suggest all applicants for work, then preference should be over men in selection of jobs who are regarded as the breadwinner. Mean while, educational system sets its activities on the basis of this assumption that women don't need job. For example, objective of vocational curricula for women is to be a mother or better housewife. Occupation of women in the world has had considerable effect on expansion of feministic approach for equalization of opportunities and removal of discrimination. A hundred year history of Iranian society in process of industrial change proves this claim. Employment of women occurs through various factors such as education, occupation, urbanization, westernization, and change in attitudes toward and different aspects of life and work which all provide impetus for greater employment of women. For the present study on discrimination of women in employment in Tehran, Iran is analysed on the basis of following indicators 1. Difficulties for getting jobs by comparing between men and women with similar qualifications. 2. Gender inequality in getting job for women. 3. Gender inequality in work place. 4. Same salary for same type of work 5. Gender discrimination in education, lead to inequality in employment opportunities for women. 6. Discrimination in structure of employment in Iran.

Empirical Study on Interorganizational Coordination (Evidence Case: Organizations of Job and Employment in Iran)

Interorganizational coordination (IOC) is a critical part of planning, because planning mostly involves multiple organizational interactions. Investment and employment are considered as multi-dimensional and multi-sectional challenges that the management of them requires intersectional and interorganizational cooperation. The goal of this research is the investigation of the interorganizational coordination among the investment and employment organizations in Iran. Statistical samples are 491 people who are. mostly from managers of the organizations of the employment and investment in Iran and experts in investment. Data-collecting instrument was related to a questionnaire consisting of some standard questions with the reliability level of 0.76. The collected data related to the variables were analyzed by a model of path analysis Regression and T-Student and Friedman tests. The research findings indicate that the six studied variables are affected by interorganizational coordination directly and indirectly. Therefore, mutual trust (1.22) had the highest direct effect, and other variables such as ease of mutual communication (0.37), goal-orientation (0.36), mutual interests, and group thinking (0.20) were considered important respectively. The variable compatible organizational cultures had no direct effect on the subject, while all of the six variables affected the interorganizational coordination directly. Finally, based on these results, some suggestions were given on how the managers and authorities can improve the interorganizational coordination among the investment and employment organizations in Iran.

Study of Job Status and Education of Women in Iran

Education, Employment, Unemployment, Inequality Traditionally girls and women in Iran have been in a disadvantageous position with reference to education and employment as elsewhere in the world. But some of the factors, such as the initiative taken during the reign of the Shah and the post-Revolution reforms have had mixed impact on th e education of women in the Iran. While enrolment of girls and women in educat ion recorded increase over the years, the nature of education remained more or less unfavourable to women. Education after the Islamic Revolution has been use d to promote the values of Islam, and to construct the ideals of motherhood an d wifehood. Similarly, equality in employment outside home in terms of bot h the types of occupations and remuneration has remained a goal still to be achiev ed. Both traditional values, and the types and levels of education really open thave contributed to this situation of women’s employment in Iran

Beyond cultural stereotypes: Educated mothers’ experiences of work and welfare in Iran

The tensions and pressures that mothers experience when they have to make decisions about combining the care of children with entry into the labour market are by now well established. Much of the research in this area, however, has focused on Europe or North America. In this article, the focus is on a society where women’s employment and its relationship to childcare has seldom been explored: Iran. Iran has often been presented as a state that is not particularly women-friendly and as distinctly different from the seemingly more pluralistic and egalitarian states of Western Europe. The argument here is that mothers’ employment in Iran should not be viewed through clichés of religion and patriarchy, rather that it is significantly affected, as in other countries, by care structures, the general acceptance of leaving one’s children to a caregiver, the availability of employment opportunities and the general policy environment.

Veiled employment: Islamism and the political economy of women's employment in Iran

This collection explores a wide range of issues surrounding women s employment in Iran, tracing it s evolution during the past five decades. Contributors address the influence of globlalization, the presence of an informal sector, and the accelerating trend in the size and diversity of the female workforce. Together these essays offer a nuanced and complex picture of Iranian women in the workplace, one that emphasizes the ways in which women have challenged Islamism to become agents of social transformation rather than victims of religious fundamentalism.

Renewable Energy: Role of Cooperation in Entrepreneurship Development

This paper discuss role of cooperations in creating opportunities for using rich renewable energy sources and also their potential role for entrepreneurship and employment in Iran. The presence of constant, sustainable and economical energy is an essential basis for any economical and social development while it can upgrade life qualities. Iran has a considerable amount of natural resources for modernizing its energy supply and being transited to a sustainable energy system as it has countless opportunities for using rich renewable energy sources. On the other hand, cooperation have been considered as a strategic way to create job opportunities as they are strong organizations which can encounter economical and social side affects caused by quick moderating procedures in structural programs.Results show convergence between renewable sources development and Iran's economical development through taking a frugal approach in expenses, creating new job opportunities and entrepreneurship in renewable energies.

Gender and reconciliation of work and family in Iran

Abstract.The problem of work–family balance has not yet been articulated in developing countries as it has been in the developed countries, though work–family tensions are growing in developing countries as well. Against this background, the author examines the distribution of female employment in Iran and considers its possible determinants – with female labour force participation a mere 12.5 per cent in 2006. Drawing on a survey of 800 highly educated mothers, she highlights the crucial need for better childcare facilities to improve women's work–family balance and labour force participation, arguing for a policy approach combining formal/informal childcare with working time regulation.

Spouse Employment in Iran's Statuary law and Family Support Bill

Spouse Employment in Iran's Statuary law and Family Support Bill

Gender and Employment in Iran

Gender and Employment in Iran

Women's Participation and Employment in Iran: A Critical Examination

This article discusses female labor force participation and employment in Iran. The objective is to show whether women's educational and social achievements over the last 30 years have improved the...

Market fundamentalism versus religious fundamentalism: women's employment in Iran

Market fundamentalism versus religious fundamentalism: women's employment in Iran

Women's Employment Issues in Contemporary Iran: Problems and Prospects in the 1990s

Patterns of Women's Employment in Iran have been Influenced BY the oil-based nature of the economy; by the policy of import-substitution industrialization which has favored capital-intensive, male-intensive industries; by cultural attitudes and gender bias which render many occupations inappropriate or off-limits to women; by women's low level of literacy, educational attainment, and skills relative to men; and by high rates of fertility. These factors have affected, and indeed limited, the supply of and demand for female labor, especially in the 1980s.The results of the 1986 census, which came to light in 1988, seem to have prompted a number of significant policy shifts on the part of the government of President Rafsanjani and sparked debates, studies, and research projects concerning population issues, women's economic and social roles, and development strategies.