Self-actualization and self-transcendence: An empirical model of athletes' meaning in elite sport.

Artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots have become widely accessible and are increasingly used by the general public for emotional support, decision-making, and health-related inquiries. Although these tools hold considerable potential for enhancing mental health care in structured settings, their unsupervised use by individuals with psychiatric conditions could present underexplored risks. Drawing on theoretical and emerging empirical literature, this article suggests how AI chatbot interactions might unintentionally reinforce some transdiagnostic psychiatric patterns, including delay in help-seeking, excessive reassurance-seeking, social withdrawal, distorted cognitions and perceptions, and reduced autonomy through overreliance. This article calls for further empirical research and increased clinical and ethical scrutiny of public chatbot use among vulnerable individuals and suggests potential safeguards for both developers and clinicians to ensure that AI integration into society remains both beneficial and safe. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Multi-path neural mechanisms of self-other reward integration impairment in schizophrenia.

A brief measure of individual differences in experiences of ageism across adulthood: Psychometric evaluation of the WHO 5-item Ageism Experiences Scale.

Language models (LMs) call for a theoretical rethinking grounded within linguistics itself. Rather than signalling the "end of linguistics" or merely encouraging interdisciplinarity, LMs function as an empirical testing ground for formal linguistic concepts. They prompt a renewed examination of form-meaning mapping, theoretical autonomy, and the conditions under which computational systems can genuinely inform linguistic explanation.

Empirical research has suggested the association between interpersonal dysfunctions and anxiety disorders. However, no previous meta-analysis has estimated the extent to which these relational issues are related to negative mental health in anxiety disorders. This study aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the correlation between interpersonal distress and negative mental health outcomes in people with a diagnosed anxiety disorder. We performed a systematic search in PsycINFO and PubMed, based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) criteria, including studies reporting estimates of the associations between interpersonal distress and negative (non-relational) mental health outcomes in people with diagnosed anxiety disorders. Using multilevel meta-analytic models, we estimated a pooled correlational (r) effect size, accounting for variability at the within-effect-size, between-effect-size, and between-study level. We identified 18 eligible articles, reporting 43 effect sizes from 2,998 subjects. The multilevel models showed a significant association between interpersonal distress and mental health in people with a diagnosed anxiety disorder (r=0.37, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.28, 0.52], d=0.84). We found significant heterogeneity around the estimations (Q(42)=463.29, p<.001) but failed to find significant moderators of the association. Interpersonal distress has a moderate-to-large correlation with non-relational mental health outcomes in people with diagnosed anxiety disorders. More research would be necessary to determine putative moderators of this association.

Counteracting choking under pressure in sport: A meta-analysis of interventions.

Insomnia symptoms in children with sleep-disordered breathing: A scoping review.

Influencing factors of employment decisions among physical education majors: The mediating role of psychological resilience and the moderating role of gender.

Effective dry cleaning and post-cleaning treatments are essential for maintaining food safety in dry-food processing environments where water use must be minimized. This scoping review mapped and synthesized empirical research on minimal-water cleaning methods applied to industrial surfaces, focusing on their efficacy against microbial and allergenic residues. Searches across six databases identified 91 relevant studies published from 2014 to 2024. Eight principal approaches were evaluated: mechanical cleaning (wiping, brushing, vacuuming), purging, dry-ice blasting, dry steam, ozone, ultraviolet-C, pulsed light, and cold atmospheric plasma. Cold atmospheric plasma and dry steam consistently produced the highest microbial reductions, often exceeding 5-7logCFU under optimized conditions, while mechanical steps effectively removed bulk soil but frequently left microscopic contamination. UV-C and pulsed light showed strong potential as nonthermal post-cleaning treatments, though shadowing, surface roughness, and organic matter reduced effectiveness. Evidence on fungal and viral inactivation, as well as allergen removal, remains limited but suggests promising activity for UV-C, cold atmospheric plasma, and dry steam. Surface type, cleanliness, and environmental conditions strongly influenced performance, underscoring the need for standardized protocols. Key research needs include harmonized test frameworks, evaluations under realistic plant conditions, combined mechanical and post-cleaning strategies, energy and safety assessments, and systematic allergen investigations. These findings support the development of reliable and scalable dry cleaning programs for food safety management in dry-food facilities.

The article substantiates the need to purposefully develop bachelor of education students’ (teachers’) skills for managing the e-learning educational process. The relevance of the study is determined by the expansion of teachers’ professional functions caused by the widespread use of digital platforms, synchronous and asynchronous learning formats, learning analytics, and artificial intelligence. A teacher is expected not only to use digital tools but also to design the learning structure, organize interactions, coordinate learners’ activities, monitor their progress, and adjust the educational process in a timely manner. The purpose of the article is to provide a theoretical justification for the development of these skills, clarify the meaning of educational process management in e-learning, and determine their structure. The study is theoretical and employs the analysis of scholarly literature, comparison, generalization, systematization, and abstraction. Educational process management in e-learning is a purposeful teacher activity aimed at designing, organizing, coordinating, monitoring, and adjusting learners’ activities in a digital environment. It is argued that this activity is not limited to the administration of a digital platform. It requires aligning learning objectives, content, digital resources, forms of interaction, assessment, and learner support. The structure of future teachers’ skills has been identified. It includes design and organizational skills, communication and coordination skills, monitoring and analytical skills, assessment and regulation skills, ethical and safety-related skills, and reflective skills. The interrelationship between these groups and their cyclical manifestation in teachers’ professional activity has been substantiated. The findings indicate that digital competence is a necessary but insufficient condition for effective e-learning management. The results may be used to update bachelor-level teacher education programs, develop diagnostic tools, and conduct further empirical research on the formation of the identified skills.

Previous research on multilevel structural equation modeling (MSEM) using frequentist estimation showed that approximate fit indices in SEM failed to detect between-level model misspecification. Bayesian estimation is a promising alternative to MSEM because of its high convergence rates and improved parameter estimates with weakly informative priors (Depaoli & Clifton, 2015). However, no previous research has examined the sensitivity of Bayesian fit measures in detecting model misspecification at different levels. This paper used a simulation study to investigate the performance of Bayesian fit measures in detecting model misspecification in MSEM. The results indicated that all Bayesian fit indices were sensitive to within-level model misspecification, but their performance in detecting between-level model misspecification varied. Overall, the deviance information criterion (DIC), widely applicable information criterion (WAIC), and leave-one-out cross-validation (LOO) exhibited higher sensitivity to between-level model misspecification than the other fit indices. The influence of prior specification varied across Bayesian fit measures. Implications for empirical researchers and future research directions are discussed.

ABSTRACT Family engagement is essential to student success, yet schools continue to struggle to include family voices in consequential decisions. This conceptual, reflective practice article applies Ecological Systems Theory and Empowerment Theory to examine how school social workers can prioritize family perspectives to promote equity and improve student outcomes. The article identifies structural and attitudinal barriers that suppress family participation and offers practice-ready strategies for building family capacity, establishing two-way communication, and advocating for policy reform. These strategies align with the NASW Nine Competencies and are linked to measurable improvements in attendance, academic achievement, and family-school partnerships. The arguments are grounded in practitioner experience and theoretical analysis rather than empirical outcome research, highlighting the need for future studies examining equity-centered family engagement frameworks in school social work practice. The integrated theoretical framework and reflective vignettes constitute a contribution to practice-based scholarship. When school social workers center family voice, they transform engagement from a compliance requirement into the equity-driven, relational practice that social work values demand.

In this analysis the author aims to determine the conceptual features of previously conducted sociological studies of the determinants of trust in political institutions in Ukraine. The conceptions of trust determination of N. Luhmann, E. Giddens, J. Coleman, R. Putnam, F. Fukuyama and P. Sztompka are described. The tendency of their evolution has been identified, which consists in distinguishing various determinants of trust, deepening their interpretations, and, ultimately, generalising and integrating disparate concepts of trust determination. It is determined and argued that the cognitive capabilities of these conceptions are used to a limited extent in empirical studies of the determinants of trust in political institutions in Ukraine. A characteristic feature of some of these studies is the analysis of exclusively socio-demographic determinants of trust. The author also describes a number of empirical sociological studies of the determinants of trust in political institutions in Ukraine, carried out on the basis of the conception of political scientists W. Mishler and R. Rose. It is shown that some such studies are grounded on the principles of sociological conceptions of trust determination. The article proposes testing hypotheses in these studies using the statistical model of multiple linear regression, which however does not model the entire complexity of the structure of relationships between various determinants of trust. It is argued that the structural equation modeling (SEM) method is more suitable for solving this research task. In general, the scientific contribution of the conducted historical and sociological research consists in identifying opportunities to improve the quality of the conceptual and methodological foundations of empirical research on the issue of trust in Ukraine to the standards of global sociology.

ABSTRACT This article explores the impact of generative artificial intelligence (genAI) on employment in journalism, drawing on 21 semi-structured expert interviews conducted in Flanders, Belgium. By examining how genAI technologies are strategically implemented, this research analyzes their consequent effects on labor dynamics and employment prospects within the profession. Contributing to the rapidly expanding scholarship on genAI and journalism, this article offers empirical insights into the evolving labor dynamics confronting media professionals. The findings reveal that genAI implementation mainly supports content distribution and routine tasks like transcribing and summarizing. Fully automated processes are implemented in news on sports and real estate transactions. These developments show that AI is currently not replacing news workers but is instead reconfiguring the profession by evolving the competencies and skillsets required of journalists. This happens through a combination of re-skilling, the upvaluing of new or existing skills (AI literacy, creative and digital storytelling, critical-analytical skills) and de-skilling, the devaluation of others (copy-editing, short news updates, traditional layouting). The article concludes by demonstrating how the narratives on labor and automation have barely changed over ten years despite significant technological advancements, and urges for more empirical research to prevent under- or overestimation of technology’s impact on journalism.

The emergence of generative AI has sparked debates recently. These discussions cut across its efficacy in developing students' skills and improving learning outcomes. On the other hand, access to technology remains a major challenge, particularly in integrating telecollaborative learning into education. While ChatGPT and telecollaboration each show promise in educational contexts, no empirical research has tested whether they interact synergistically. This study employed a 2 × 2 factorial experimental design to examine their combination. Eighty engineering sophomores were randomly assigned to four conditions: (1) neither intervention (control), (2) ChatGPT only, (3) telecollaboration only, or (4) both ChatGPT and telecollaboration. All participants completed writing and website design projects over a 14-week course. A convergent mixed-methods design combined quantitative pretest-posttest measures with qualitative interviews (N = 20). Results revealed synergistic effects: Condition 4 students demonstrated a 11.90-point writing gain (18% improvement), substantially exceeding the sum of the individual intervention gains (5.33 + 2.76 = 8.09, predicted). Two-way ANOVA confirmed a significant interaction effect, F(1,76) = 21.02, p<.001, η2p = .119, indicating that ChatGPT's benefits are amplified within telecollaborative contexts. Qualitative themes revealed mechanisms and implementation risks. These findings suggest that careful integration of AI within collaborative frameworks produces emergent benefits not predictable from isolated intervention effects. The study provides implications for pedagogy in international education contexts.

ABSTRACT Group process observation (GPO) is a structured practice for evaluating and supporting interpersonal dynamics in groups, yet empirical research on the Process Observer (PO) role remains limited. Our analysis of interviews with seven experienced POs yielded themes that clarified what POs do, how they enact the role, and how they experience the role in practice. Participant accounts indicated that GPO is a high-level practice requiring reflexive awareness, intention, and sensitivity to group context. These insights aid the refinement of conceptual understandings of PO work, highlight competencies that support effective group environments, and suggest implications for training POs and group leaders.

ABSTRACT This article examines the growing disjunction between legal permissibility and ethical responsibility in contemporary legal practice, arguing that compliance-oriented frameworks and defensive role morality are insufficient to address the systemic harms that can arise through lawful professional activity. Drawing on recent philosophical and empirical scholarship, the article explores how professional norms shape lawyers’ ethical self-understanding under institutional, economic and regulatory pressures. Particular attention is paid to areas such as environmental law, economic abuse advice, state capture and digital platforms, where ethical concerns frequently emerge from routine, rule-compliant practice rather than misconduct. Against this backdrop, the article advances a reconceptualisation of professional responsibility that treats ethics as an ongoing practice of reflective judgement rather than merely compliance with professional rules. It argues that lawyers should be understood as both technical experts and moral agents within a public profession, whose responsibilities extend beyond client service to maintaining public trust and the integrity of legal institutions. Situating this argument within contemporary debates on role morality, liberal legal ethics and virtue ethics, the article concludes by considering implications for legal ethics education in the SQE era and identifies directions for future empirical and normative research on ethical agency and structural harm.

ABSTRACT Restaurants are seeking new ways to present their menu and offerings. Indigenous languages are endangered due to globalization, settler colonialism, and social injustice. Māori are the Indigenous people of Aotearoa New Zealand and this paper are examined the restaurant sector’s potential for using te reo Māori in menu and restaurant marketing. Incorporating Indigenous languages into menus allows restaurants to celebrate Indigenous identity while innovating their offering. Despite the recognised economic and cultural importance of Indigenous tourism, little empirical research addresses this. Drawing on constraints theory and interviews with award-winning restaurants, this study examines how restaurant owners and chefs view the incorporation of te reo Māori in their offerings and the constraints they perceive in doing so.

The United Kingdom (UK) and Dutch governments have recently implemented mandatory financial risk (affordability) assessments for online gambling as a harm prevention measure. Assessments should trigger at a level of gambling expenditure that strikes a balance between harm prevention (most at-risk consumers should surpass the threshold) and liberty preservation (most no-/lower-risk consumers should gamble below it), yet little empirical research exists to guide threshold setting. We aimed to demonstrate how research can inform the harm-prevention, liberty-preservation trade-off in this context and evaluate the UK's proposed implementation of financial risk assessments. We reanalysed a dataset that combines self-reported Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI) scores and open banking data from consumers who gamble (n = 424) to (1) simulate the impact of the UK's rolling 30-day £150 net-deposit (deposits minus withdrawals) threshold for financial risk assessments, and (2) identify optimal threshold values for these assessments under different circumstances. Participants were UK residents who had gambled in the past year, recruited via Prolific in April 2024. Participants completed a survey containing the PGSI and agreed to provide their past 12 months' banking records. Over 12 months, two-thirds of at-risk (PGSI ≥1) and nearly half of no-/lower-risk participants crossed the UK's £150 threshold [area under the curve = 0.66, 95% confidence intervals (CIs) = 0.62-0.71], demonstrating a greater emphasis on harm prevention over liberty preservation. Increasing the value to £186.9 (95% CIs = £69.5-£401.7) slightly improved this balance, although £150 remained within the range of appropriate values. Optimising for harm prevention in our sample required lowering the threshold to £39.0 (95% CIs = £29.6-£58.8), while emphasising liberty preservation increased it to £716.5 (95% CIs = £508.5-£990.9). We found that using a more conservative definition of risk (≥2 PGSI harms) resulted in higher thresholds, and lower thresholds may be appropriate for younger adults (<30 years). Finally, our findings suggest that thresholds based on spending with all operators-rather than single operators as implemented in the UK-may be better able to differentiate at-risk from no-/lower-risk consumers, although the added benefit of this approach in our sample was marginal and further research is needed to confirm its value. The United Kingdom's £150 net-deposit threshold for financial risk assessments for online gambling may place more emphasis on harm prevention than liberty preservation. This study provides a methodological template for guiding the implementation of financial risk assessments for online gambling. Because our sample is not representative of the broader UK gambling population, our specific threshold estimates should be treated as provisional.