In his Novum Organum, F. Bacon put forward the idea of “prerogative instances” as a means of shortening the paths of putting forward and testing hypotheses. Bacon’s “prerogative instances” are considered in the research as a possible answer to J.S. Mill’s question about why in some cases one example is enough for complete induction, while in other cases even myriads of mutually agreeing examples are not enough for a reliable conclusion. It is shown how the assessment of “prerogative instances” and F. Bacon’s theory of induction itself changed among historians of philosophy and science throughout the 19th-20th centuries. The classification of “prerogative instances” carried out by F. Bacon is analyzed, and its weak points are identified. The author’s classification of “prerogative instances” based on F. Bacon’s ideas is proposed, and the possibility and prospects of alternative approaches to such classification are assessed. The place of “prerogative instances” in F. Bacon’s general theory of induction is considered. It is shown that some of them can be used before compiling the “tables of presence”, “tables of absence” and “tables of degrees” that form the basis of F. Bacon’s method of eliminative induction, another part should be placed in these tables, and the third part can be applied after the corresponding hypotheses have been put forward on the basis of the tables. A distinction is made between induction as a derivation of universal hypotheses from singular premises and induction as a method of empirical research that allows one to put forward and test generalizing hypotheses on the basis of individual facts. It is noted that the fair criticism of induction as an unreliable conclusion was unjustifiably transferred to induction as a method in the post-positivist philosophy of science of the 20th century. The possibility of using “prerogative instances” as heuristic methods of putting forward and testing hypotheses, the effectiveness of which depends on the adopted metaphysical assumptions, is indicated in those modern theories of induction that reject the idea of constructing a universal inductive method.

Personal assistance for people with disabilities is a relatively new service and profession in Poland. The adoption by the United Nations General Assembly of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (2006) and its ratification in Poland (2012) accelerated the processes of implementing the service. The experience of other countries shows that the growing demand for personal assistance services is often accompanied by a lack of sufficient candidates for work and high turnover in this profession. States try to regulate the employment and working conditions of assistants, but even in countries that have agreed regulations in these areas, there are tensions over demands for professionalization and deprofessionalization of assistants` services and the relational and emotional nature of their work. It is also a problem to ensure choice and control over the service for a person with a disability (in accordance with the postulates of independent living included in the CRPD) while maintaining the subjectivity of the personal assistant within the employment relationship. Issues and dilemmas regarding the employment and working conditions of personal assistants will be discussed in the article. The results of empirical research on personal assistance services in Poland and Norway will be used as well as the experience of a team work dealing with the development of a draft law implementing the CRPD in Poland.

ObjectiveThis study explores how experienced Chinese healthcare design professionals perceive Australian hospital environments to shed light on hospital design perspectives across cultural contexts.BackgroundWhile hospital design significantly influences patient outcomes and staff performance, limited research addresses how hospital environments are perceived across cultural and national contexts. This study fills that gap by examining Australian hospitals through the lens of Chinese professionals with extensive experience in healthcare design.MethodsUsing a mixed-methods approach, post-visit surveys were administered to twenty-three Chinese healthcare design professionals after guided tours of five large Australian tertiary hospitals. The survey captured demographic data, ranked key design priorities, and collected qualitative feedback on spatial experience and design performance.ResultsParticipants identified strengths in Australian hospitals, including child-friendly features, spatial comfort, biophilic integration, and service efficiency. However, they also point to challenges related to wayfinding clarity and public amenity distribution. Contrasts were drawn with Chinese hospitals, where design priorities emphasise functionality, administrative control, and throughput under systemic and governance constraints.ConclusionsFindings reflect differing design values shaped by cultural and institutional factors. While Australian hospitals are seen as therapeutic and inclusive, Chinese counterparts prioritise operational efficiency. The study highlights opportunities for knowledge exchange and culturally sensitive adaptation, offering practitioner-informed insights that can inform future comparative and empirical research on hospital design. (1.3).

This study examines the measurement and cross-national comparability of democratic values utilizing the Citizens’ Models of Democracy scale included in the European Social Survey round 10. Given the ambiguous understanding of psychological constructs in empirical legitimacy research, we propose a conceptualization drawing on Norris’s framework of political support to facilitate a decisive operationalization of survey indicators. Acknowledging the challenges inherent in comparative research, we emphasize the intentional differentiation between social identities, values, and attitudes as the underlying constructs of measurement. Applying this framework to the study of political support, we conceptualize democratic values as the underlying measurement of support for regime principles and empirically assess whether and how associated latent structures can be discovered. As it remains unclear whether the scale is intended to capture value dimensions or types of value holders that are consistent across countries, we employ both variable- and person-centered as well as current state of the art approaches on measurement quality and invariance. Our findings suggest a meaningful but overlapping structure of liberal, social-democratic, and populist democratic values, while the comparability across cultural contexts reveals to be hampered. Further, a meaningful structure of value-holder profiles does not occur, but rather clusters of respondents who consistently seize either most or few democratic regime principles as important. We conclude with implications for democracy research and recommendations for future empirical studies on political support.

The rapid development of Artificial Intelligence (AI), especially generative technologies such as ChatGPT, has instigated significant transformations in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) education. This systematic review examines empirical research published from 2019 to early 2025, concentrating on ChatGPT applications in EFL teaching and learning. In accordance with the PRISMA criteria, pertinent studies were located via databases including ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, ... Prominent motifs identified in the literature encompass augmented writing fluency, heightened student autonomy, and enhanced speaking confidence. ChatGPT functions as an invaluable resource for educators in class preparation and providing tailored feedback. Nonetheless, apprehensions persist over excessive dependence on AI, possible plagiarism, diminished critical thinking abilities, and the lack of institutional regulations. Numerous educators have difficulties stemming from insufficient AI literacy and an absence of organized training. This study emphasizes the significance of ethical and substantiated AI integration, advocating for longitudinal research and the establishment of formal training programs to guarantee the sustainable application of ChatGPT in EFL instruction.

This paper considers if certain sexual activities or practices can legitimately be thought of as raising concerns about an individual's professionalism and, therefore, as matters which fall within the purview of bodies which regulate healthcare professionals. There seems prima facie reason to think that healthcare professionals should be able to enjoy the same socio-political rights as anyone else. Given that this includes the right to privacy, then the suggestion that a professional regulator might legitimately concern themselves with the sex lives of those they regulate seems problematic on its face. However, some of the activities discussed are not entirely private matters. Equally, whilst the practices addressed are not unlawful, it is not unusual for them to be the subject of judgmental attitudes, prejudice, and stigma. Coupled with the fact that regulatory bodies are commonly charged with maintaining public trust and confidence it may be that there is some reason to consider the kinds of activities discussed with regard to the professionalism of those who engage in them. Nevertheless, one might question the legitimacy of impugning an individual's professionalism on the basis of intolerance, and whilst I note that there may be a need for empirical research into public opinion, this essay concludes that the distinction between the personal and professional should be maintained. Assuming that it is conducted within the bounds of the law, the sex lives of healthcare professionals should not draw the attention of professional regulators.

ABSTRACT This study provides a comprehensive review of the current empirical research on sustainable portfolio selection, with a particular focus on the practical implications of integrating environmental, social, and governance (ESG) criteria into investment decision‐making. Combining a structured literature review (SLR) with a bibliometric analysis using Bibliometrix and VOSviewer, this paper identifies methodological approaches, critical developments, and persistent challenges in the field. A total of 44 high‐quality contributions—defined as those published in A or A* journals according to the 2022 ABDC Journal Quality List or with more than four citations per year (CPY)—were selected from Scopus and Web of Science through a rigorous six‐step screening process. The analysis revealed five main research themes and associated findings: (1) sustainable portfolio selection methods are divided into two dominant methodological paradigms: extensions of modern portfolio theory (MPT) through sustainability metrics and multi‐criteria decision‐making approaches that balance financial returns with sustainability goals; (2) ESG scores are heterogeneous across rating agencies; (3) alternative metrics emerge to measure sustainable performance; (4) screening strategies often lead to inefficient portfolio solutions; and (5) sustainable portfolios do not systematically outperform traditional portfolios. However, the review also reveals unresolved issues such as ESG data inconsistency, methodological complexity, and greenwashing risks, which continue to limit the effective implementation of sustainable investing strategies. The paper emphasizes the urgent need for robust, standardized tools that integrate both quantitative and qualitative sustainability indicators, and it calls for stronger collaborations between academia and the financial industry to enhance the real‐world applicability of sustainable portfolio models.

Internet-based data, especially the ability to extract and analyze data from social media such as Twitter, is becoming more prevalent in providing data in empirical research. The public nature of Twitter and its more open access to data, compared to other social media, as well as the approval to use that data in accordance with the Twitter’s Terms of Service were considered a sufficiently ethical justification for the use of Twitter data in research. This tendency to collect data from the Internet, that is from social networks, in social research, has prompted a number of scientific societies to develop ethical guidelines for Internet research. This paper provides an overview of the recommendations contained in the ethical guidelines, compared to the requirements set out in the Twitter’s Terms of Service. Additionally, research on social media users' perceptions regarding the use and publication of their data is analyzed. The tendency to apply the principle of situational ethics is evident in the ethical guidelines, starting from the existing collision between the established ethical principles for scientific research and the privacy policy on Twitter. However, there is a lack of consensus among ethical guidelines in determining the appropriate way of collecting, processing and presenting data in research and scientific publications. Also, in research on the perception of social media users, there is a significantly lower concern about the use of data by Twitter users, compared to users of other platforms. But in spite of that, the prevailing opinion among them is the need for prior consent for the use of their data in research and scientific publications, with a special emphasis on the request for anonymity. Given the complexity of this debate, which ultimately aims to preserve the academic integrity of research, the conclusion points to the need to summarize the various ethical aspects in establishing a methodological approach in studies that use Twitter data.

The Indigenous Baduy community is known for consistently maintaining its traditions, including in marriage practices, despite increasing modernization and interaction with the outside world that increasingly influence their way of life. This situation raises questions regarding how customary marriages are conducted and what types of violations may lead to the annulment of a marriage under Baduy customary law. This study aims to analyze the implementation of Baduy customary marriage and to identify customary violations that result in the invalidation of a marriage. An empirical legal research method with a normative–empirical approach was employed; primary data were obtained through direct observation and in-depth interviews with customary leaders (Puun, Jaro, and sesepuh adat) and members of the Baduy community in Desa Kanekes, Banten, while secondary data were collected from relevant literature, journals, and statutory regulations. The data were analyzed qualitatively by integrating empirical findings from the field with the prevailing norms of Baduy adat law and comparing them with national legal provisions. The results show that Baduy customary marriage is carried out through sacred processes such as bobogohan, ngariksa, and ngabokor, led by the Puun and Jaro in accordance with customary rules, and a marriage is deemed valid when it meets age requirements, obtains family approval, and receives the consent of customary authorities. Conversely, violations such as marrying an outsider, entering into marriage without the Puun’s approval, or failing to comply with prescribed ritual procedures result in the marriage being declared void and subject to customary sanctions. These findings affirm that Baduy customary law plays a crucial role in preserving cultural values and local wisdom, while also serving as concrete evidence of the reality of legal pluralism in Indonesia.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly transforming English Language Teaching (ELT), yet limited empirical evidence exists on how Malaysian primary ESL teachers perceive and intend to use AI tools in classroom practice. This study investigates teachers’ readiness, perceived usefulness and behavioural intention to integrate AI, addressing a gap in empirical research within the Malaysian primary school context. A quantitative survey design was employed, involving 80 primary ESL teachers who completed a structured questionnaire adapted from the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). Descriptive statistics indicated moderately high levels of readiness, strong perceptions of usefulness and high intention to adopt AI. Pearson correlation analysis revealed strong, positive and statistically significant relationships among the three constructs. Multiple regression results further showed that perceived usefulness was the strongest predictor of intention, followed by teacher readiness. Openended responses provided supplementary insights, highlighting teachers’ need for hands-on training, practical examples and continuous professional development. Overall, the study offers timely empirical evidence on AI adoption in Malaysian primary ESL classrooms and underscores the importance of enhancing teachers’ digital competence and pedagogical capacity for sustainable and meaningful AI integration.

Introduction: Sexual violence against children has long-term impacts and reflects systemic failures in protection, especially when perpetrators are family members. Despite existing regulations, cases continue to rise, and victims often remain silent due to social pressure. This study is needed to understand the root causes and develop more effective prevention strategies.Purposes of the Research: This study aims to analyze the contributing factors of sexual violence committed by close family members against children and to examine the efforts made to address the issue.Methods of the Research: The method used is empirical juridical research with a descriptive qualitative approach.Findings of the Research: The research findings reveal that the main factors contributing to sexual violence within families include economic dependence, power dynamics, individual factors, family dysfunction, and socio-cultural influences. Common modus operandi used by perpetrators involve power relations, threats and intimidation, emotional manipulation, normalization of abuse, and creating opportunities for violence. In terms of curative approaches, relevant institutions provide psychological support and rehabilitation, legal aid and advocacy, medical care and recovery, temporary shelters, as well as social reintegration and family support.

Constitutional Court Decision No. 69/PUU-XIII/2015 has brought about a significant paradigm shift in Indonesian marriage contract law, allowing for the creation of such contracts during the course of a marriage. This change necessitates a shift in the role of notaries from mere document creators to active and responsive legal educators. However, implementation in the city of Pekanbaru shows that the optimization of this role has not been fully achieved, marked by low legal literacy among the public, structural barriers, and the lack of integration between the notarial service system and regulations and technology. The main problem is the passive attitude of Notaries, who only respond to requests without proactively providing legal education. This empirical legal research aims to analyze and formulate a concept for optimizing the role of notaries in the creation of authentic marriage agreements following the Constitutional Court's decision in Pekanbaru. Using a sociological-legal approach with qualitative methods, this research is descriptive-analytical and exploratory in nature. Data collection was conducted through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and focus group discussions, as well as document and literature studies. The research results indicate an increase in the creation of marriage agreement deeds following the Constitutional Court ruling, but the number remains low compared to the total number of marriages. The majority of clients come from highly educated groups and have economic-business motivations. The main challenges include inconsistent technical regulations, insufficient socialization, variations in notarial practices, and ineffective third-party protection mechanisms. As an innovation, this study proposes a model for transforming the role of notaries into a proactive-educational, inter-institutional collaborative, and digitally adaptive role. This model is expected to strengthen the position of notaries as an essential legal profession in protecting marriage law in Indonesia.

Waqf has historically played a vital role in advancing civilization, particularly within the Muslim world, yet its potential remains underexplored in contemporary business and social enterprise contexts. This study aims to investigate how waqf can be understood within business model frameworks and to provide a systematic mapping of its constructs in relation to social business. Employing a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach, the research identified and analyzed relevant studies on waqf and social business published between 1900 and 2024 in the Scopus and Crossref databases. The review classified the literature into four key business themes: capabilities, strategies, operations, and performance. The findings reveal that while waqf principles align closely with the objectives of social business, they are often marginalized or treated as peripheral to mainstream business model research. Furthermore, the study highlights the emerging trends, practices, and sectoral applications of waqf, demonstrating its relevance to sustainable development, inclusive finance, and community welfare. The conclusion suggests that positioning waqf within business model frameworks not only bridges the gap between traditional Islamic philanthropy and modern enterprise practices but also provides a structured pathway for integrating ethical and value-driven constructs into social business. The academic contribution of this paper lies in offering the first comprehensive mapping of waqf constructs within business model dimensions, thereby enriching both Islamic economics and social business literature and providing a foundation for future empirical and conceptual research.

Empirical research on perception and cognition has laid the foundation for visualization design, often distilled into practical guidelines intended to support effective chart creation. However, it remains unclear how well these research-driven insights are reflected in the guidelines practitioners actually use. In this paper, we investigate the research-practice gap in visualization design guidelines through a mixed-methods approach. We first collected design guidelines from practitioner-facing sources and empirical studies from academic venues to assess their alignment. To complement this analysis, we conducted surveys and interviews with practitioners and researchers to examine their experiences, perceptions, and challenges surrounding the development and use of design guidelines. Our findings reveal misalignment between empirical evidence and widely used guidelines, differing perspectives between communities, and key barriers that contribute to the persistence of the research-practice gap.

Contemporary research in family studies increasingly highlights the importance of spousal character as a core determinant of marital satisfaction, relational stability, and long-term family well-being. Despite this growing recognition, scholarly engagement with the theoretical foundations of character formation in marriage remains limited, particularly in Muslim contexts where ethical frameworks are deeply rooted in religious tradition. Existing discussions often treat Islamic and Western perspectives as separate domains, leaving a conceptual gap in understanding how these traditions might complement each other in shaping moral behaviour within marital life. Addressing this gap, the present article examines the concept of spousal character formation through an integrative analysis of Islamic ethical thought and Western developmental theory, grounded exclusively in a qualitative document analysis of classical and contemporary texts. Relevant sources were selected through works in Islamic ethics and foundational literature in developmental psychology, followed by systematic content analysis to identify recurring concepts, thematic patterns, and conceptual divergences. The findings demonstrate that both traditions provide complementary insights into the moral dispositions that shape marital interaction, relational stability, and family well-being. Building on these insights, the proposed Integrated Character Formation Framework synthesises classical Islamic ethical principles with contemporary psychological theory, offering a holistic model for understanding how spouses develop the virtues, competencies, and relational behaviours essential for marital harmony. This interdisciplinary and textually grounded approach contributes to social science discourse by broadening theoretical conceptions of character formation and offering a culturally relevant foundation for future empirical and theoretical research on marital and family dynamics.

Underage marriage often occurs for a number of reasons and views, both legally, religiously, and according to traditions and culture in society. This raises questions about the implementation of marriage dispensation for women, considering that girls who are not yet of age as stipulated by legislation can carry out marriage. This study aims to find out how the implementation of marriage dispensation for women is carried out at the Surabaya Religious Court according to positive law in Indonesia and to know the obstacles and efforts in the implementation of marriage dispensation for women at the Surabaya Religious Court. This study uses an empirical juridical research method. Data collection was carried out by literature study, observation, and interviews. Data analysis was performed using analytical descriptive methods and a quantitative approach. The results of the study show that the implementation of marriage dispensation for women has followed the regulations. However, as the data on the number of applications for marriage dispensation for women shows, such dispensations are applied for various reasons, so the judge in this case must be able to consider appropriately to grant the marriage dispensation request for women

Purpose This paper aims to provide the first comprehensive comparative analysis of four interconnected equity frameworks: Critical Tiriti Analysis (CTA), Discursive Tiriti Analysis (DTA), Progress World View (PWV) and Discursive Equity Analysis (DEA). The purpose is to examine how these frameworks relate theoretically and practically, identify shared principles and distinctive features and explore implications for addressing inequities facing multiply-marginalised communities. Design/methodology/approach A systematic comparative analysis was conducted for examining theoretical foundations, structural components, applications and epistemological commitments across the four frameworks. Primary source documents were reviewed and coded. Genealogical connections and shared principles were mapped. A comprehensive comparison matrix was developed organising frameworks across multiple dimensions. Cross-framework application scenarios were constructed to explore integration for intersectional populations. Findings were synthesised to develop a unified conceptual model. Findings The frameworks form a coherent methodological ecosystem organised along two axes: community focus (Indigenous Maori versus sexual minorities) and level of application (policy/discourse analysis versus clinical practice). All share five core principles: decolonisation as methodology, rejection of universalism, community authority, intersectionality and distinction between equality and equity. CTA serves as methodological ancestor to both DTA and DEA, whilst PWV developed independently but converges on shared decolonial commitments. Together, they address systemic inequities across policy, discourse and therapeutic domains. Research limitations/implications This analysis examines four specific frameworks; other decolonising methodologies exist. The analysis primarily draws on framework documentation rather than empirical effectiveness research. Focus on Aotearoa New Zealand and UK contexts means applicability elsewhere requires investigation. Future research should examine framework outcomes, implementation barriers and integration for multiply-marginalised populations. Practical implications Comprehensive equity work requires operating at multiple levels simultaneously – policy, discourse and clinical practice. Marginalised communities need both community-specific and intersectional approaches. Community authority must be genuine rather than symbolic. Framework users require appropriate training, preferably led by communities themselves. The frameworks’ complementarity enables comprehensive analysis impossible with single approaches. Social implications These frameworks provide tools for transforming institutions that systematically fail marginalised communities. They demonstrate that genuine equity requires recognising difference, centring community authority, addressing systemic barriers and actively decolonising institutions. Their integration offers pathways towards equitable systems that respect community self-determination and dismantle colonial structures. Originality/value To the best of the author’s knowledge, this is the first comprehensive comparative analysis mapping relationships between CTA, DTA, PWV and DEA. The unified conceptual model reveals how frameworks complement each other across policy/clinical and Maori/sexual minority dimensions. This paper demonstrates methodological cross-pollination possibilities and identifies productive directions for future framework development, including Maori-specific clinical frameworks and approaches for other marginalised communities.

Purpose The advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming knowledge ecosystems, reshaping the creation, dissemination and application of knowledge. This study aims to delve into the powerful synergy between human expertise and AI, illustrating how computational intelligence amplifies decision-making and sparks groundbreaking innovation in complex and data-rich business environments. Design/methodology/approach Through a systematic review of 101 scholarly articles, this study synthesizes key insights and presents a comprehensive framework integrating socio-technical, ethical and policy dimensions of AI adoption. Findings Human–AI collaboration in knowledge ecosystems is shaped by antecedents (trust, AI capabilities, organizational context, user expertise); mediators (cognitive alignment, explanation quality, emotional engagement); and moderators (user attitudes, task complexity, transparency, ethics). Positive configurations enhance decision quality, innovation and user satisfaction, while risks such as power imbalances, deskilling and algorithmic opacity can undermine collaboration and productivity. The authors devise an integrative antecedent–mediator–moderator–outcome framework, emphasizing human-centered design, contextual integration and equity. They also highlight the need for more empirical and theory-driven research in the domain. Originality/value By bridging fragmented perspectives, this study advances theoretical understanding and illuminates practical pathways for leveraging AI to augment human ingenuity, uphold ethical imperatives and catalyze innovation in rapidly shifting knowledge landscapes.

Indonesia’s juvenile criminal justice system has embraced diversion and restorative justice as foundational principles following the enactment of Law No. 11 of 2012 on the Juvenile Criminal Justice System. This study critically examines the legal frameworks underpinning these principles, explores the policy gaps, and evaluates the implementation challenges that have emerged in practice. Employing a socio-legal qualitative methodology, this paper reviews statutory provisions, policy documents, and empirical research findings on diversion and restorative justice in Indonesia. The results reveal that while Indonesia’s legal reforms align with international standards on juvenile justice, significant inconsistencies persist in the practical application of diversion policies. Key barriers include uneven regional implementation, lack of standardized procedures, insufficient training for law enforcement, and societal resistance rooted in a punitive legal culture. The discussion offers a comprehensive analysis of these challenges and suggests strategic pathways to strengthen the restorative justice framework. The paper concludes by recommending policy reforms that incorporate local wisdom, enhance institutional capacity, and promote community involvement to ensure sustainable and effective juvenile justice practices in Indonesia.

BackgroundArtificial intelligence (AI) holds great promise in transforming health care delivery. However, successful implementation of AI projects in health care depends on patients’ acceptance and trust. There is limited empirical research examining public perceptions, particularly the use of personal health data in AI applications in health care.ObjectiveThis study examined public knowledge and comfort levels with AI use in health care, including use of personal health data with and without consent, and assessed how sociodemographic factors, digital literacy, and health conditions influence these perceptions.MethodsWe analyzed data from 6904 Canadian adults who participated in the 2023 Canadian Digital Health Survey. AI-related knowledge and comfort levels were measured using ordinal scales. Sociodemographic characteristics, digital health literacy, and self-reported chronic health conditions were included as predictors. Ordinal logistic regression models were used to assess associations between these factors and AI-related attitudes.ResultsA majority of 2919 (42.3%) reported moderate knowledge of AI; only 7.8% (542) described themselves as very knowledgeable. Overall, 44.6% were comfortable with AI use in health care, increasing to 64.7% when personal health data were used with consent but decreasing when used without consent (52.6% uncomfortable). Respondents were most comfortable with AI use for epidemic tracking and workflow management and less for clinical tasks. Fully weighted ordinal logistic regression models indicated that men (odds ratio [OR]=1.57, P<.001), noncitizens (OR=1.71, P<.001), higher-income respondents (OR=1.29, P<.001), those with graduate education (OR=1.43, P<.001), higher digital health literacy (OR=1.08, P<.001), and more chronic conditions (OR=1.08, P<.001) exhibited greater odds of reporting higher AI knowledge. For comfort with AI use in health care, those aged 65+ years (OR=1.47, P<.001), men (OR=1.50, P<.001), noncitizens (OR=1.49, P<.001), higher-income respondents (OR=1.21, P<.001), and those with higher digital health literacy (OR=1.06, P<.001) or more chronic conditions (OR=1.04, P=.04) exhibited greater comfort. Lower-income (OR=0.87, P=.03) and White respondents (OR=0.77, P<.001) reported lower comfort levels. For comfort with using personal health data in AI with consent, adults aged 35‐54 years (OR=0.72, P<.001) were less comfortable than those aged 16‐24 years. Men (OR=1.39, P<.001), higher-income respondents (OR=1.16, P=.01), and those with higher digital health literacy (OR=1.05, P<.001) or more chronic conditions (OR=1.07, P<.001) showed greater comfort; White (OR=0.78, P<.001), other racial groups (OR=0.77, P=.03), and lower-income respondents were less comfortable (OR=0.83, P=.01). For comfort with using personal health data in AI without consent, men (OR=1.56, P<.001), noncitizens (OR=1.28, P=.03), and those with higher digital health literacy (OR=1.04, P<.001) exhibited greater comfort. Lower-income respondents (OR=0.86, P=.02), adults aged 35‐54 years (OR=0.73, P<.001) or 55‐64 years (OR=0.77, P=.01), and White (OR=0.69, P<.001) and Black or African-origin (OR=0.71, P=.02) respondents reported lower comfort levels.ConclusionsThe findings point to enhancing transparent policies, digital literacy, and ethical data governance as key to increasing public trust in AI-driven health care.