This study delves into the complex relationship between ideology and social governance, particularly in the context of modern society. Using Emperor Justinian I of the Byzantine Empire as a case study, it examines the role of ideology in social governance and the underlying strategies and motivations. Analyzing the circumstances of Justinian I's reign, the study uncovers clues in his decisions across the domains of art, military affairs, governance, and religion. Through the use of art, Justinian I constructed an image of imperial supremacy, employed military strategies to ensure national security, enacted legislation to strengthen central authority, and promoted religious unity to foster national cohesion. These strategies reflect the shaping and maintenance of social governance through ideology while revealing how social governance influences ideology, resulting in a complex and mutually influential dynamic relationship. This research offers several recommendations for further exploration of the intricate connection between ideology and social domination. It advocates a deep understanding of relevant theories, historical case studies, and contemporary societal analysis. Interdisciplinary, comparative research with various methodologies and active participation in academic discourse are encouraged. The critical reflection is emphasized to maintain academic objectivity. By comprehensively analyzing the historical case of Justinian I, this study provides valuable insights for contemporary discussions within the realms of society and politics, especially in the current landscape marked by ideological divisions, populist movements, and global political challenges. Understanding the dynamics of ideology and social governance is of paramount significance in the modern world.